July 15
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(Redirected from 15 July)
July 15 is the 196th day of the year (197th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 169 days remaining until the end of the year.
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Births [change]
- 1553 – Archduke Ernest of Austria (d. 1595)
- 1573 – Inigo Jones, English architect (d. 1652)
- 1606 – Rembrandt, Dutch artist (d. 1669)
- 1737 – Princess Louise Marie of France (d. 1787)
- 1779 – Clement Clarke Moore, American educator, author, and poet (d. 1863)
- 1796 – Thomas Bulfinch, American mythologist (d. 1796)
- 1808 – Henry Edward Cardinal Manning, English Catholic archbishop (d. 1892)
- 1812 – James Hope-Scott, English barrister (d. 1873)
- 1837 – Stephanie von Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen, Queen Consort of Portugal (d. 1859)
- 1848 – Vilfredo Pareto, Italian economist and sociologist (d. 1923)
- 1850 – Mother Cabrini, Italian-born Roman Catholic saint (d. 1917)
- 1867 – Jean-Baptiste Charcot, French scientist (d. 1936)
- 1870 – Vladimir Dmitrievich Nabokov, Russian publisher and politician (d. 1922)
- 1871 – Kunikida Doppo, Japanese writer (d. 1908)
- 1884 – Phraya Manopakorn Nititada, 1st Prime Minister of Siam, present-day Thailand (d. 1948)
- 1892 – Walter Benjamin, German literary critic and writer (d. 1940)
- 1899 – Sean F. Lemass, Irish leader and Taoiseach (d. 1971)
- 1902 – Jean Rey, Belgian politician and President of the European Commission (d. 1983)
- 1911 – Edward Shackleton, English explorer (d. 1994)
- 1913 – Nuur Muhammad Taraki, President of Afghanistan (d. 1979)
- 1914 – Hammond Innes, English writer (d. 1998)
- 1918 – Bertram N. Brockhouse, Canadian physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2003)
- 1919 – Iris Murdoch, English writer (d. 1999)
- 1921 – Robert Bruce Merrifield, American chemist (d. 2006)
- 1922 – Leon M. Lederman, American physicist
- 1923 – Philip Carey, American actor (d. 2009)
- 1926 – Leopoldo Galtieri, Argentine dictator (d. 2003)
- 1926 – Driss Chraïbi, Moroccan author
- 1927 – Nan Clow Martin, actress
- 1928 – Carl Woese, American microbiologist
- 1930 – Jacques Derrida, French philosopher (d. 2004)
- 1930 – Stephen Smale, American mathematician
- 1931 – Clive Cussler, American author
- 1932 – Ed Litzenberger, Canadian ice hockey player (d. 2010)
- 1933 – Julian Bream, English guitarist and lutenist
- 1933 – Guido Crepax, Italian comics artist (d. 2003)
- 1934 – Harrison Birtwistle, English composer
- 1934 – Risto Jarva, Finnish filmmaker (d. 1977)
- 1935 – Diahann Carroll, American actress
- 1939 – Anibal Cavaco Silva, President of Portugal
- 1940 – Robert Winston, British scientist, politician and television presenter
- 1942 – Mil Mascaras, Mexican professional wrestler
- 1944 – Millie Jackson, singer
- 1945 – Jürgen Möllemann, German politician (d. 2003)
- 1946 – Linda Ronstadt, American singer
- 1946 – Hassanal Bolkiah, Sultan of Brunei
- 1946 – Dieter Herzog, German footballer
- 1949 – Carl Bildt, Swedish politician, former Prime Minister of Sweden
- 1949 – Trevor Horn, English musician
- 1950 – Arianna Huffington, American journalist
- 1951 – Gregory Isaacs, Jamaican musician (d. 2010)
- 1951 – Jesse Ventura, American professional wrestler and former Governor of Minnesota
- 1952 – Ileana Ros-Lehtinen, United States Congresswoman from Florida
- 1953 – Jean-Bertrand Aristide, former President of Haiti
- 1953 – John Denham, British politician
- 1954 – Mario Kempes, Argentine footballer
- 1956 – Ian Curtis, British musician, singer and lyricist (Joy Division) (d. 1980)
- 1956 – Barry Melrose, Canadian hockey player, coach, and commentator
- 1956 – Marky Ramone, American musician (The Ramones)
- 1958 – Mac Thornberry, American politician
- 1960 – Willie Aames, American actor
- 1961 – Forest Whitaker, American actor
- 1965 – David Miliband, British politician
- 1966 – Irène Jacob, French-born Swiss actress
- 1968 – Eddie Griffin, American actor
- 1968 – Stan Kirsch, American actor
- 1970 – Chi Cheng, American musician
- 1971 – John Dolmayan, Lebanese-born drummer (System of a Down)
- 1973 – Brian Austin Green, American actor
- 1976 – Diane Kruger, German actress and model
- 1976 – Marco Di Vaio, Italian footballer
- 1979 – Alexander Frei, Swiss footballer
- 1981 – Alou Diarra, French footballer
- 1981 – Peter Odemwingie, Nigerian footballer
- 1992 – Koharu Kusume, Japanese singer, former member of Morning Musume
Deaths [change]
- 1085 – Robert Guiscard, Norman adventurer (b. c. 1015)
- 1291 – Rudolph I of Germany, Holy Roman Emperor (b. 1218)
- 1521 – Juan Ponce de Leon, Spanish explorer and Conquistador (b. c. 1474)
- 1571 – Shimazu Takahisa, Japanese samurai and warlord (b. 1514)
- 1685 – James Scott, 1st Duke of Monmouth, illegitimate son of Charles II of England (b. 1649)
- 1767 – Michael Bruce, Scottish poet (b. 1746)
- 1782 – Farinelli, Italian castrato (b. 1705)
- 1828 – Jean Antoine Houdon, French sculptor (b. 1741)
- 1839 – Winthrop Mackworth Praed, English poet (b. 1802)
- 1844 – Claude Charles Fauriel, French historian (b. 1772)
- 1857 – Carl Czerny, Austrian composer (b. 1791)
- 1890 – Gottfried Keller, Swiss writer (b. 1819)
- 1904 – Anton Chekhov, Russian writer (b. 1860)
- 1916 – Elie Metchnikoff, Russian scientist (b. 1845)
- 1919 – Hermann Emil Fischer, German chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1852)
- 1929 – Hugo von Hofmannsthal, Austrian writer (b. 1874)
- 1930 – Leopold Auer, Hungarian violinist and composer (b. 1845)
- 1931 – Ladislaus Bortkiewicz, Russian economist (b. 1868)
- 1933 – Irving Babbitt, American literary critic (b. 1865)
- 1933 – Freddie Keppard, American musician (b. 1890)
- 1940 – Robert Wadlow, American, tallest human on record (b. 1918)
- 1946 – Razor Smith, English cricketer (b. 1877)
- 1947 – Walter Donaldson, American songwriter (b. 1893)
- 1948 – John J. Pershing, American general (b. 1860)
- 1953 – John Reginald Christie, British murderer (b. 1899)
- 1957 – George Cleveland, Canadian actor (b. 1885)
- 1957 – James M. Cox, American politician (b. 1870)
- 1959 – Ernest Bloch, Swiss composer (b. 1880)
- 1960 – Lawrence Tibbett, American actor (b. 1896)
- 1961 – John E. Brownlee, Canadian politician (b. 1884)
- 1965 – Francis Cherry, American politician (b. 1908)
- 1979 – Gustavo Diaz Ordaz, 29th President of Mexico (b. 1911)
- 1991 – Bert Convy, American actor (b. 1933)
- 1992 – Hammer DeRoburt, first President of Nauru (b. 1922)
- 1996 – Dana Hill, American actress (b. 1964)
- 1997 – Gianni Versace, Italian fashion designer (b. 1946)
- 2003 – Adi Preißler, German footballer (b. 1921)
- 2003 – Roberto Bolaño, Chilean writer (b. 1953)
- 2009 – Natalya Estemirova, Russian activist (b. 1958)
Events [change]
- 1099 – First Crusade: Christian soldiers take Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem after a difficult siege.
- 1207 – John of England expels Canterbury monks for supporting Archbishop of Canterbury Stephen Langton
- 1381 – John Ball, a leader in the Peasants' Revolt, hanged, drawn and quartered in the presence of Richard II of England.
- 1410 – Battle of Grunwald (a.k.a. Tannenberg or Zalgiris): power of the Teutonic Knights broken by a defeat from Poles and Lithuanians
- 1685 – James Scott, 1st Duke of Monmouth is executed at Tower Hill, England after his defeat at the Battle of Sedgemore on 6 July 1685.
- 1789 – Gilbert du Motier, marquis de La Fayette, by acclamation, named colonel-general of the new National Guard of Paris.
- 1799 – Rosetta Stone is found in the Egyptian village of Rosetta, by French Captain Pierre-François Bouchard.
- 1806 – Pike expedition: Near St. Louis, Missouri, United States Army Lieutenant Zebulon Pike begins an expedition from Fort Belle Fountaine to explore the west.
- 1815 – Napoléon Bonaparte surrenders from aboard HMS Bellerophon
- 1862 – American Civil War: Confederates break naval blockade of Vicksburg, Mississippi.
- 1870 – Post-American-Civil-War Reconstruction: Georgia becomes the last of the former Confederate states to be readmitted to the Union.
- 1870 – Rupert's Land and the North-Western Territory are transferred to Canada from the Hudson's Bay Company, and the province of Manitoba and the North-West Territories are established from these vast territories.
- 1888 – The Bandai volcano in Japan erupts, killing 477 people.
- 1895 – Archie MacLaren scores County Championship record cricket innings of 424 for Lancashire against Somerset at Taunton.
- 1916 – In Seattle, Washington, William Boeing and George Conrad Westervelt incorporate Pacific Aero Products (later renamed Boeing).
- 1918 – World War I: Second Battle of the Marne – The battle begins near the River Marne with a German attack.
- 1926 – BEST buses make its début in Mumbai.
- 1927 – Massacre of July 15, 1927: 89 protesters are killed by the Austrian police in Vienna.
- 1929 – First weekly radio broadcast of Mormon Tabernacle Choir radio show, Music and the Spoken Word.
- 1931 – Kid Chocolate becomes Cuba's first world boxing champion.
- 1945 – US President Harry Truman disembarks the heavy cruiser the USS Augusta (CA-31) in Antwerp en route to Potsdam for the Potsdam Conference.
- 1953 – John Reginald Christie, British serial killer executed.
- 1954 – First flight of the Boeing 707, the first American jet passenger airliner.
- 1958 – In Lebanon, 5,000 United States Marines land in the capital Beirut in order to provide military support to the pro-Western government there.
- 1974 – In Nicosia, Cyprus, Greek-sponsored nationalists launch a coup d'état, deposing President Makarios and installing Nikos Sampson as Cypriot president.
- 1974 – Christine Chubbock, a TV host in Sarasota, Florida commits suicide during the taping of her show live on air.
- 1975 – Apollo Soyuz Test Project: Apollo and Soyuz spacecraft take off for U.S.-Soviet link-up in space.
- 1977 – Griffith N.S.W, Anti – Drug campaigner Donald Mackay disappears presumed murdered.
- 1979 – U.S. President Jimmy Carter gives his famous "malaise" speech, where he characterizes the greatest threat to the country as "this crisis in the growing doubt about the meaning of our own lives and in the loss of a unity of purpose for our nation."
- 1988 – Die Hard opens in theaters, starring Bruce Willis
- 1989 – Punk rock band Bad Religion releases their sixth album, No Control.
- 1992 – A major fire consumes an entire city block in tourist destination Gatlinburg, Tennessee, destroying the Ripley's Believe It Or Not! Museum and several other local businesses in the process. The block was rebuilt and re-opened in 1995.
- 1994 – Albert Belle of the Cleveland Indians caught with a corked bat.
- 1995 – Fluid Concepts & Creative Analogies: Computer Models of the Fundamental Mechanisms of Thought by Douglas Hofstadter becomes the first item sold on Amazon.com
- 1996 – MSNBC cable-DBS channel launched
- 1996 – A Royal Belgian Air Force C-130 Hercules carrying the Royal Netherlands Army marching band crashes on landing at Eindhoven Airport. Thirty-two people die in the flames, two people die of their injuries, and Seven people sustain severe burns.
- 1997 – In Miami, Florida, serial killer Andrew Phillip Cunanan guns down Gianni Versace outside his home.
- 1999 – Safeco Field opens in Seattle, Washington.
- 2002 – "American Taliban" John Walker Lindh pleads guilty to supplying aid to the enemy and for the possession of explosives during the commission of a felony. Lindh agrees to serve 10 years in prison for each of the charges.
- 2002 – Ahmed Omar Saeed Sheikh and three other suspects convicted of murdering Wall Street Journal reporter Daniel Pearl.
- 2003 – AOL Time Warner disbands Netscape Communications Corporation. The Mozilla Foundation is established on the same day.
- 2004 – Monorail service begins in Las Vegas.
- 2004 – The BBC airs the documentary The Secret Agent, exposing racism by members of the British National Party.
- 2005 – Jack Nicklaus plays his last hole of competitive golf during The Open Championship at Hole 18 at St Andrews, finishing with a birdie.
- 2005 – Disneyland "re-launches" Space Mountain in Anaheim, California.
- 2009 – Caspian Airlines Flight 7908 crashes in Northwestern Iran, killing 153 people.
