October 18
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(Redirected from 18 October)
October 18 is the 291st day of the year (292nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 74 days remaining after October 18 until the end of the year.
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[change] Births
- 1127 – Emperor Go-Shirakawa of Japan (d. 1192)
- 1405 – Pope Pius II (d. 1464)
- 1547 – Justus Lipsius, Flemish humanist (d. 1606)
- 1585 – Heinrich Schuetz, German composer (d. 1672) (October 8 in Julian calendar)
- 1653 – Abraham van Riebeeck, Dutch colonial governor (d. 1713)
- 1777 – Heinrich von Kleist, German writer (d. 1811)
- 1804 – Mongkut (Rama IV), King of Siam (Thailand) (d. 1868)
- 1831 – Frederick III of Germany (d. 1888)
- 1854 – Salomon August Andree, Swedish explorer (d. 1897)
- 1859 – Henri Bergson, French philosopher (d. 1941)
- 1865 – Arie de Jong, Dutch linguist (d. 1957)
- 1873 – Ivanoe Bonomi, Italian politician (d. 1951)
- 1898 – Lotte Lenya, Austrian singer and actress (d. 1981)
- 1902 – Pascual Jordan, German physicist (d. 1980)
- 1905 – Jan Gies, Dutch resistance fighter (d. 1993)
- 1905 – Felix Houphouet-Boigny, President of Ivory Coast (d. 1993)
- 1909 – Norberto Bobbio, Italian philosopher in law and political science (d. 2004)
- 1919 – Pierre Trudeau, Prime Minister of Canada (d. 2000)
- 1919 – Anita O'Day, American singer (d. 2006)
- 1920 – Melina Mercouri, Greek actress and politician (d. 1994)
- 1921 – Jesse Helms, American politician (d. 2008)
- 1923 – Julius Nespral, German actor
- 1925 – Ramiz Alia, Albanian politician (d. 2011)
- 1926 – Chuck Berry, American musician
- 1926 – Klaus Kinski, German actor (d. 1991)
- 1929 – Violeta Chamorro, former President of Nicaragua
- 1932 – Vytautas Landsbergis, Lithuanian politician
- 1935 – Peter Boyle, American actor (d. 2006)
- 1939 – Lee Harvey Oswald, suspected assassin of John F. Kennedy (d. 1963)
- 1943 – Andrej Bajuk, Slovenian banker and politician (d. 2011)
- 1956 – Martina Navratilova, Czech-born tennis player
- 1960 – Jean-Claude van Damme, Belgian bodybuilder and actor
- 1961 – Wynton Marsalis, American musician
- 1968 – Michael Stich, German tennis player
- 1974 – Robbie Savage, Welsh footballer
- 1974 – Peter Svensson, Swedish musician (The Cardigans)
- 1977 – Ryan Nelsen, New Zealand footballer
- 1978 – Mike Tyndall, English rugby player
- 1979 – Ne-Yo, American singer
- 1984 – Freida Pinto, Indian actress and model
- 1984 – Lindsey Vonn, American skier
- 1987 – Freja Beha Erichsen, Danish model
- 1987 – Zac Efron, American singer and actor
- 1990 – Carly Schroeder, American actress
- 1991 – Tyler Posey, American actor
[change] Deaths
- 1417 – Pope Gregory XII
- 1503 – Pope Pius III (b. 1439)
- 1541 – Margaret Tudor, Queen of Scotland (b. 1489)
- 1865 – Henry Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (b. 1784)
- 1871 – Charles Babbage, English mathematician and inventor (b. 1791)
- 1886 – Philipp Franz von Siebold, German physician (b. 1796)
- 1889 – Antonio Meucci, Italian inventor (b. 1808)
- 1893 – Charles Gounod, French composer (b. 1818)
- 1911 – Alfred Binet, French psychologist (b. 1857)
- 1921 – Ludwig III of Bavaria (b. 1845)
- 1931 – Thomas Edison, American inventor (b. 1847)
- 1934 – Santiago Ramón y Cajal, Spanish doctor, won the 1906 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, (b. 1852)
- 1941 – Manuel Teixeira Gomes, 7th President of Portugal (b. 1860)
- 1954 – Einar Jonsson, Icelandic sculptor (b. 1874)
- 1965 – Henry Travers, British actor (b. 1874)
- 1966 – Elizabeth Arden, Canadian businesswoman (b. 1880)
- 1973 – Leo Strauss, German-American philosopher (b. 1899)
- 1977 – Hanns Martin Schleyer, German politician (b. 1915) (killed)
- 1977 – Andreas Baader, member of the Red Army Faction (b. 1943) (suicide)
- 1977 – Gudrun Ensslin, member of the Red Army Faction (b. 1940) (suicide)
- 1977 – Jan-Carl Raspe, member of the Red Army Faction (b. 1944) (suicide)
- 1978 – Ramon Mercader, assassin of Leon Trotsky (b. 1914)
- 1982 – Bess Truman, First Lady of the United States (b. 1885)
- 1982 – Pierre Mendes-France, French politician (b. 1907)
- 2000 – Julie London, American singer and actress (b. 1926)
- 2003 – Preston Smith, Governor of Texas (b. 1912)
- 2007 – Lucky Dube, South African musician (b. 1964)
- 2008 – Dee Dee Warwick, American jazz musician (b. 1931)
[change] Events
- 1009 – The Church of the Holy Sepulchre, a Christian church in Jerusalem, is completely destroyed by the "mad" Fatimid caliph Al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah, who hacks the Church's foundations down to bedrock.
- 1016 – The Danes defeat the Saxons in the Battle of Ashingdon.
- 1561 – Fourth Battle of Kawanakajima -- Takeda Shingen beats Uesugi Kenshin in the climax of their ongoing conflicts
- 1685 – Louis XIV of France revokes the Edict of Nantes, which has protected French Protestants. Roman Catholicism is reinstated as the state religion in France.
- 1748 – Signing of the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle ends the War of the Austrian Succession.
- 1767 – Mason-Dixon line, survey separating Maryland from Pennsylvania is completed
- 1851 – Herman Melville's Moby-Dick is first published as The Whale by Richard Bentley of London.
- 1860 – The Second Opium War finally ends at the Convention of Peking with the ratification of the Treaty of Tientsin, an unequal treaty.
- 1867 – United States takes possession of Alaska, celebrated annually in the state as (Alaska Day). On this day, Alaska also changes from the Julian calendar to the Gregorian calendar, and the International Date Line is shifted to the west.
- 1898 – United States takes possession of Puerto Rico.
- 1908 – Belgium annexes the Congo Free State.
- 1912 – The First Balkan War begins.
- 1922 – The British Broadcasting Company (later Corporation) is founded by a consortium, to establish a nationwide network of radio transmitters to provide a national broadcasting service.
- 1925 – The Grand Ole Opry opens.
- 1944 – Adolf Hitler orders the establishment of a German national militia.
- 1944 – Soviet Union invades Czechoslovakia
- 1945 – The USSR's nuclear program receives plans for the United States's plutonium bomb from Klaus Fuchs at the Los Alamos National Laboratory
- 1954 – Texas Instruments announces the first Transistor radio
- 1964 – The 1964-1965 New York World's Fair closes for its first season after a six-month run.
- 1968 – A police raid on John Lennon and Yoko Ono's flat finds 168 grains of marijuana. They later plead guilty and are fined £150.
- 1969 – Jefferson Airplane member Paul Kantner is charged with possession of marijuana on Hawaii.
- 1974 – The Texas Chainsaw Massacre opens in theaters.
- 1977 – German Autumn: a set of events revolving around the kidnapping of Hanns-Martin Schleyer and the hijacking of a Lufthansa flight by the Red Army Faction (RAF) comes to an end when Schleyer is executed and various RAF members commit suicide. The German government states that it would never again negotiate with terrorists.
- 1989 – Erich Honecker resigns as leader of East Germany.
- 1989 – The Galileo space probe is launched.
- 1993 – Andreas Papandreou begins his second term as Prime Minister of Greece.
- 2003 – Bolivian Gas War: President Gonzalo Sánchez de Lozada, is forced to resign and leave Bolivia.
- 2007 – A bomb attack in Karachi kills 139 people and injures 450. Benazir Bhutto, returning from exile, escapes unhurt.
- 2011 – Israeli soldier Gilad Shalit is released by Palestinians after over five years. In exchange, Israel releases 1,027 Palestinian prisoners.
[change] Observances
- Alaska Day
