January 31
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January 31 is the 31st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. There are 334 days remaining until the end of the year (335 in leap years).
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Events [change]
- 314 - Silvester I becomes Pope.
- 1504 – France cedes Naples to Aragon.
- 1542 - Alvar Nunez Cabeza de Vaca becomes the first European to reach Iguazu Falls on the present-day border between Argentina and Brazil.
- 1606 – Gunpowder Plot: Guy Fawkes is executed for his plotting against Parliament and James I of England.
- 1747 – The first venereal diseases clinic opens at London Dock Hospital.
- 1801 - John Marshall becomes Chief Justice of the United States.
- 1814 – Gervasio Antonio de Posadas becomes Supreme Director of Argentina.
- 1846 - The city of Milwaukee is formed.
- 1849 – The Corn Laws are abolished in the United Kingdom.
- 1862 - Alvan Graham Clark discovers white dwarf star Sirius B.
- 1865 - American Civil War: The United States Congress passes the Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution of the United States, banning slavery.
- 1865 – American Civil War: Confederate General Robert E. Lee becomes general-in-chief.
- 1867 – Maronite nationalist leader Karam leaves Lebanon on board of a French ship for Algeria
- 1876 – The United States orders all Native Americans to move into reservations.
- 1891 - The first attempt at a Portuguese republican revolution breaks out in the city of Porto.
- 1892 - At Holmenkollen, Oslo, the first ski jump competition takes place. Norwegian Arne Ustvedt wins with at 21.5-meter jump.
- 1906 - A magnitude 8.8 earthquake hits Colombia and Ecuador, killing over 1,000 people.
- 1915 – World War I: Germany uses poison gas against Russians.
- 1917 – World War I: Germany announces its U-boats will engage in unrestricted submarine warfare.
- 1918 – A series of accidental collisions on a misty Scottish night leads to the loss of two Royal Navy submarines with over a hundred lives, and damage to another five British warships.
- 1919 - Battle of George Square in Glasgow.
- 1929 – The Soviet Union exiles Leon Trotsky.
- 1930 – 3M markets Scotch Tape.
- 1930 - The fourth world championship in ice hockey begins in Chamonix, France.
- 1936 – The Green Hornet radio show debuts.
- 1942 - World War II: Allied forces are defeated by the Japanese in the Battle of Malaya
- 1944 – World War II: American forces land on Kwajalein Atoll and other islands in the Japanese-held Marshall Islands.
- 1945 – US Army private Eddie Slovik is executed, the first American soldier since the Civil War to be executed for desertion.
- 1946 – Yugoslavia's new constitution, modeling the Soviet Union, establishes six constituent republics (Bosnia-Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia and Slovenia).
- 1950 – President Harry S. Truman announces a program to develop the hydrogen bomb.
- 1953 - 133 people are killed in the MV Princess Victoria ferry disaster in the Irish Sea between Belfast, Northern Ireland and Stranraer, Scotland.
- 1953 - More than 2,000 people die in a storm flood on the North Sea coasts of the Netherlands, Belgium and the United Kingdom in the night to February 1.
- 1956 – Guy Mollet becomes Prime Minister of France.
- 1958 – The first successful American satellite, Explorer I, is launched into orbit.
- 1958 – James Van Allen discovers the Van Allen radiation belt.
- 1961 – Ham the Chimp travels into outer space.
- 1966 - The Soviet Union launches the unmanned Luna 9 spacecraft.
- 1968 – The NLF attacks the United States embassy in Saigon.
- 1968 – Nauru declares independence from Australia.
- 1971 – Apollo program: Astronauts aboard Apollo 14 lift off for a mission to the moon.
- 1971 – The Winter Soldier Investigation, organized by the Vietnam Veterans Against the War to publicize war crimes and atrocities by Americans and allies in Vietnam, begin in Detroit, Michigan.
- 1980 - Queen Juliana of the Netherlands announces that she will leave the throne on April 30 (her birthday) of the same year, becoming the second Dutch Queen in-a-row to do so, passing the crown on to her daughter, Beatrix of the Netherlands, who herself also decides to leave the throne in 2013.
- 1988 – Super Bowl XXII: The Washington Redskins win their second championship of the 1980s, 42-10.
- 1990 – The first McDonald's opens in Moscow, Russia.
- 1993 – Super Bowl XXVII: The Dallas Cowboys defeat the Buffalo Bills, 52-17.
- 1994 - The Opera House Gran Teatru Liceu in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain, is destroyed by fire.
- 1995 – President Bill Clinton authorizes a $20 billion loan to Mexico to stabilize its economy.
- 1996 - The Comet Hyakutake is discovered by Japanese amateur astronomer Yuji Hyakutake.
- 1996 – An explosives-filled truck rams into the gates of the Central Bank in Colombo, Sri Lanka killing at least 86 and injuring 1,400.
- 1999 – Super Bowl XXXIII: The Denver Broncos defeat the Atlanta Falcons, 34-19. After the game, Family Guy aired its pilot episode.
- 2000 – An Alaska Airlines MD-83 crashes in the Pacific Ocean off the coast of Malibu, California killing 131.
- 2001 – In the Netherlands a Scottish court convicts a Libyan and acquits another for their part in the bombing of Pan Am Flight 103 which crashed into Lockerbie, Scotland in 1988.
- 2002 - The Larsen B Ice Shelf breaks off Antarctica.
- 2004 – Mystery Science Theater 3000 ends its run on the Sci-Fi Channel.
- 2009 - In Kenya, at least 113 people are killed and more than 200 are injured following an oil spillage ignition in Molo.
- 2010 - Avatar becomes the first movie to make 2 billion $ worldwide.
- 2011 - January 31 – February 2, 2011 North American winter storm
Births [change]
- 36 BC - Antonia Minor, daughter of Mary Antony and Octavia Minor (d. 38)
- 877 - Taejo of Goryeo of Korea (d. 943)
- 1512 – King Henry of Portugal (d. 1580)
- 1543 – Tokugawa Ieyasu, Japanese shogun (d. 1616)
- 1550 - Henry I, Duke of Guise (d. 1588)
- 1597 - John Francis Regis, French saint (d. 1640)
- 1624 - Arnold Geulincx, Flemish philosopher (d. 1669)
- 1707 - Frederick, Prince of Wales (d. 1751)
- 1752 - Gouverneur Morris, American lawmaker and diplomat (d. 1816)
- 1759 - Francois Devienne, French composer (d. 1803)
- 1762 – Lachlan Macquarie, Scottish Governor of New South Wales (d. 1824)
- 1797 – Franz Schubert, Austrian composer (d. 1828)
- 1813 - Agostino Depretis, Italian statesman (d. 1887)
- 1820 - William D. Washburn, 28th Governor of Massachusetts (d. 1887)
- 1830 - James G. Blaine, American politician (d. 1893)
- 1835 – William Charles Lunalilo, King of Hawaiʻi (d. 1874)
- 1854 - David Emmanuel, Romanian mathematician (d. 1941)
- 1857 - George Jackson Churchward, English railway engineer (d. 1933)
- 1865 - Shastriji Maharaj, Indian spiritual leader (d. 1951)
- 1865 – Henri Desgrange, French sports figure and journalist (d. 1940)
- 1868 – Theodore William Richards, American chemist (d. 1928)
- 1872 – Zane Grey, American novelist (d. 1939)
- 1873 – Melitta Bentz, German entrepreneur and inventor of the coffee filter (d. 1950)
- 1881 – Irving Langmuir, American chemist (d. 1957)
- 1883 - Oskar von Hindenburg, German general (d. 1960)
- 1884 – Theodor Heuss, first President of the Federal Republic of Germany (d. 1963)
- 1892 – Eddie Cantor, American actor and singer (d. 1964)
- 1896 - Sofya Yanovskaya, Russian mathematician (d. 1966)
- 1897 - Ahmad Shah Qajar, Shah of Persia (d. 1930)
- 1902 – Alva Myrdal, Swedish politician and diplomat (d. 1986)
- 1902 – Tallulah Bankhead, American actress (d. 1968)
- 1905 – John O'Hara, American writer (d. 1970)
- 1905 - Diana Napier, British actress (d. 1982)
- 1906 - Roosevelt Sykes, American blues pianist (d. 1983)
- 1909 - Miron Grindea, Romanian literary journalist and editor (d. 1995)
- 1911 - Eddie Byrne, British actor (d. 1981)
- 1913 – Walter Winterbottom, English football manager (d. 2002)
- 1913 - Don Hutson, American football player (d. 1997)
- 1916 - Sangoule Lamizana, 1st President of Burkina Faso (d. 2005)
- 1919 – Jackie Robinson, American baseball player (d. 1972)
- 1920 – Stewart Udall, American politician (d. 2010)
- 1920 – Bert Williams, English footballer
- 1921 – Carol Channing, American actress and singer
- 1921 – Mario Lanza, American singer (d. 1959)
- 1922 - Joanne Dru, American actress (d. 1996)
- 1923 – Norman Mailer, American writer (d. 2007)
- 1929 – Jean Simmons, British actress (d. 2010)
- 1929 – Rudolf Moessbauer, German Nobel Prize-winning physicist (d. 2011)
- 1931 - Christopher Chataway, British athlete and politician
- 1931 - Ernie Banks, American baseball player
- 1933 - Camille Henry, Canadian ice hockey player (d. 1997)
- 1933 – Bernardo Provenzano, Italian crime boss
- 1934 - Bob Turner, Canadian ice hockey player
- 1935 – Kenzaburo Oe, Japanese writer
- 1937 – Philip Glass, American composer
- 1937 - Suzanne Pleshette, American actress (d. 2008)
- 1938 – Beatrix, former Queen of the Netherlands
- 1938 - James G. Watt, American politician
- 1941 - Richard Gephardt, American politician
- 1941 - Charlie Musselwhite, American blues musician
- 1941 - Jessica Walter, American actress
- 1941 – Eugene Terre'Blanche, South African far-right politician (d. 2010)
- 1942 - Derek Jarman, British director and writer
- 1944 - Connie Booth, American writer and actress
- 1946 - Bobby Windsor, Welsh rugby player
- 1947 - Nolan Ryan, American baseball player
- 1949 - Johan Derksen, Dutch footballer and sports journalist
- 1951 - KC, American singer and musician
- 1951 - Harry Wayne Casey, American singer and musician
- 1951 - Phil Manzanera, British guitarist
- 1954 - Adrian Vandenberg, Dutch musician
- 1954 - Mark Slavin, Israeli wrestler (d. 1972)
- 1956 – John Lydon, aka Johnny Rotten, British singer
- 1959 – Anthony LaPaglia, Australian actor
- 1960 – George Benjamin, British conductor and composer
- 1961 - Fatou Bensouda, Gambian lawyer
- 1961 - Lloyd Cole, British singer
- 1962 - Sophie Muller, British music video director
- 1963 – John Dye, American actor (d. 2011)
- 1964 – Jeff Hanneman, American guitarist (d. 2013)
- 1966 - Dexter Fletcher, English actor
- 1966 - Jorge Gonzalez, Argentine basketball player and wrestler (d. 2010)
- 1967 – Jason Cooper, English musician
- 1967 – Chad Channing, American musician
- 1967 - Fat Mike, American musician
- 1970 – Minnie Driver, British actress
- 1971 – Patrick Kielty, Northern Irish comedian
- 1971 - Lee Young-ae, South Korean actress
- 1973 – Portia de Rossi, Australian actress
- 1975 - Jackie O, Australian radio host
- 1976 – Traianos Dellas, Greek footballer
- 1977 - Mark Dutiaume, Canadian ice hockey player
- 1977 - Eddie Gustafsson, Swedish footballer
- 1977 - Bobby Moynihan, American actor and comedian
- 1977 - Sergei Pareiko, Estonian footballer
- 1977 - Kate Shindle, American actress
- 1977 – Kerry Washington, American actress
- 1978 - Fabian Caballero, Argentine footballer
- 1978 - Brad Rutter, American game show contestant
- 1979 – Daniel Tammet, British autistic savant
- 1980 - Jurica Vranjes, Croatian footballer
- 1981 – Julio Arca, Argentine footballer
- 1981 – Justin Timberlake, American singer
- 1982 – Allan McGregor, Scottish footballer
- 1982 – Elena Paparizou, Greek singer
- 1982 - Janis Sprukts, Latvian ice hockey player
- 1982 - Brad Thompson, American baseball player
- 1983 – Fabio Quagliarella, Italian footballer
- 1984 - Alessandro Zanni, Italian rugby player
- 1985 – Adam Federici, Australian footballer
- 1985 – Christophe Berra, Scottish footballer
- 1985 - Laura Bechtolsheimer, German-born British equestrian
- 1985 - Mario Williams, American football player
- 1986 – Yves Makabu-Makalambay, Belgian footballer
- 1986 - Pauline Parmentier, French tennis player
- 1987 - Marcus Mumford, English musician
- 1990 - Kota Yabu, Japanese actor and singer
- 1992 - Tyler Seguin, Canadian ice hockey player
- 1996 - Joel Courtney, American actor
Deaths [change]
- 743 – Muhammad al-Baqir, Shia Imam (b. 676)
- 1216 - Theodore II Eirenikos, Patriarch of Constantinople
- 1398 – Emperor Suko of Japan (b. 1334)
- 1418 - Mircea the Elder, ruler of Wallachia (b. 1355)
- 1435 – Xuande, Emperor of China (b. 1398)
- 1561 - Bairam Khan, Mughal general
- 1561 – Menno Simons, Dutch Mennonite leader (b. 1496)
- 1580 – King Henry of Portugal (b. 1512)
- 1606 – Gunpowder Plot conspirators executed:
- Guy Fawkes (b. 1570)
- Ambrose Rokewood
- Thomas Wintour (b. 1571)
- 1615 – Claudio Aquaviva, Italian Jesuit (b. 1543)
- 1632 – Joost Bürgi, Swiss clockmaker and mathematician (b. 1552)
- 1665 – Johannes Clauberg, German theologian and philosopher (b. 1622)
- 1686 – Jean Mairet, French dramatist (b. 1604)
- 1720 – Thomas Grey, 2nd Earl of Stamford, English privy councilor
- 1729 – Jacob Roggeveen, Dutch explorer (b. 1659)
- 1736 – Filippo Juvara, Italian architect (b. 1678)
- 1788 – Charles Edward Stuart, pretender to the British throne (b. 1720)
- 1790 – Thomas Lewis, Irish-born Virginia settler (b. 1718)
- 1794 – Marriott Arbuthnot, British admiral (b. 1711)
- 1811 - Manuel Alberti, Head of State of Argentina (b. 1763)
- 1828 - Alexander Ypsilantis, Greek national hero (b. 1792)
- 1851 – David Spangler Kaufman, American politician (b. 1813)
- 1856 – Khedrup Gyatso, 11th Dalai Lama (b. 1838)
- 1892 – Charles Spurgeon, English preacher and evangelist (b. 1834)
- 1907 – Timothy Eaton, Canadian department store founder (b. 1834)
- 1923 - Eligiusz Niewiadowski, Polish assassin (b. 1869)
- 1933 – John Galsworthy, English writer, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1867)
- 1942 - Henry Larkin, American baseball player (b. 1860)
- 1944 – Jean Giraudoux, French writer (b. 1882)
- 1945 – Eddie Slovik, American soldier (b. 1920)
- 1955 – John Mott, American YMCA leader, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (b. 1865)
- 1956 – A. A. Milne, English author (b. 1882)
- 1967 – Eddie Tolan, American athlete (b. 1908)
- 1970 – Slim Harpo, American singer (b. 1924)
- 1972 – King Mahendra of Nepal (b. 1920)
- 1973 – Ragnar Anton Kittil Frisch, Norwegian economist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1895)
- 1974 – Samuel Goldwyn, movie producer (b. 1879)
- 1976 – Ernesto Miranda, American litigant (b. 1941)
- 1987 – Yves Allegret, French movie director (b. 1907)
- 1989 - William Samuel Stephenson, Canadian soldier (b. 1896)
- 1990 – Rashad Khalifa, Egyptian-born imam (stabbed) (b. 1935)
- 1992 – Willie Dixon, American musician (b. 1915)
- 1995 – George Abbott, American stage director and producer (b. 1887)
- 1997 – John Joseph Scanlan, Irish Catholic prelate (b. 1930)
- 1999 - Shohei Baba, Japanese professional wrestler (b. 1938)
- 1999 – Norm Zauchin, American baseball player (b. 1929)
- 2000 – Gil Kane, Latvian-born comic book writer (b. 1926)
- 2001 – Gordon R. Dickson, Canadian writer (b. 1923)
- 2004 – Eleanor Holm, American swimmer (b. 1913)
- 2006 – Moira Shearer, Scottish actress and dancer (b. 1926)
- 2011 – Eunice Sanborn, American supercentenarian (b. 1896)
- 2012 – Dorothea Tanning, American painter (b. 1910)
- 2012 - Mike Kelley, American artist and musician (b. 1954)
- 2012 - Anthony Bevilacqua, American cardinal and Archbishop of Philadelphia (b. 1923)
- 2013 - Hassan Habibi, 1st Vice president of Iran (b. 1937)
Observances [change]
- Independence Day (Nauru)
