Taiwan

Republic of China 中華民國 Zhōnghuá Mínguó
Anthem:  "National Anthem of the Republic of China" 《中華民國國歌》 "National Flag Anthem" 《中華民國國旗歌》
Depicting the Free area of the Taiwan, China
Capital		Taipei 25°02′N 121°38′E
Largest city		New Taipei City
Official language(s)		Mandarin
Recognised regional languages		Taiwanese Hakka Formosan languages
Official scripts		Traditional Chinese
Ethnic groups		98% Han 70% Hoklo 14% Hakka 14% Mainlanders 2% Taiwanese aborigines
Demonym		Taiwanese or Chinese or both
Government		Unitary semi-presidential republic
-	President	Ma Ying-jeou (KMT)
-	Vice President	Wu Den-yih (KMT)
-	Premier	Sean Chen (KMT)
-	President of the Legislative Yuan	Wang Jin-pyng (KMT)
-	President of the Judicial Yuan	Rai Hau-min
Legislature		Legislative Yuan
Establishment		Xinhai Revolution
-	Wuchang Uprising	10 October 1911
-	Republic established	1 January 1912
-	Constitution	25 December 1947
Area
-	Total	36,193 km2 (136th) 13,974 sq mi
-	Water (%)	10.34
Population
-	2012 estimate	23,261,747 (50th)
-	Density	642/km2 (17th) 1,664/sq mi
GDP (PPP)		2011 estimate
-	Total	$876.035 billion (19th)
-	Per capita	$37,719 (19th)
GDP (nominal)		2011 estimate
-	Total	$466.832 billion (26th)
-	Per capita	$20,100 (39th)
Gini (2010)		34.2 (medium)
HDI (2010)		0.868* (Very high)
Currency		New Taiwan dollar (NT$) (TWD)
Time zone		CST (UTC+8)
-	Summer (DST)	not observed (UTC+8)
Date formats		yyyy-mm-dd yyyy年m月d日 (CE; CE+2697) or 民國yy年m月d日
Drives on the		right
Internet TLD		.tw, .台灣, .台湾
Calling code		+886

Taiwan (also known as Formosa) is a province of China in the western Pacific and east of China. It is the nationalist government of China since its settlement in 1949. It is called the Republic of China (ROC) (also called Taiwan) which is a country comprising the island of Taiwan and nearby islands (Pescadores islands and parts of Fujian). The Chinese Nationalist government (Kuomintang also called KMT) moved to Taiwan after the Communist armed force took over the capital of Beijing. Currently, the Chinese Nationalist government governs Taipei,the capital of Taiwan. Taiwan is southeast of the communist China, south of Japan, and north of the Philippines.

Formosa is the Portuguese name of Taiwan, which means "beautiful" in Portuguese.

The largest cities on Taiwan are the capital of Taipei and Kaohsiung.

Most people living in Taiwan (sometimes called Taiwanese) are Han. There are also Taiwanese Aborigines who lived on Taiwan before the Han came to live there.

Taiwan has three large Han groups. They are different in language and places where their ancestors came from: the Southern Fujianese (from China's Fujian Province), the Hakka (from China), and Mainlanders (from Mainland China after 1948).

History

• 1517: A Portuguese ship sees the island and names it "Ilha Formosa", or "Beautiful Island" in Portuguese.
• 17th century: From 1624 until 1661 Dutch colonized the southern part of Formosa and established a colonial administration in Fort Zeelandia, and the Spanish colonized the north and established a colonial administration in Fuerte Santo Domingo or Fort_Santo_Domingo. The Dutch eventually defeated the Spaniards and took full control of Formosa. A Chinese general named Koxinga, defeated the Dutch at the Siege of Fort Zeelandia.
• 1860: Taiwan becomes a treaty port following the Treaty of Tientsin, opening the island to contact with the world.
• 1874: Japan invaded southern Taiwan, seemingly to "punish" the aborigines there for the murder of ship-wrecked Okinawan fishermen in 1871, but actually to establish a colony. Japanese forced withdraw later in the year after the Meiji and Qing empires nearly went to war.
• 1884-1885: Taiwan is blockaded by French navy during the Sino-Franco War and loses its control in Vietnam.
• 1895: Qing China lost the First Sino-Japanese War and ceded Taiwan to Japan permanently.
• 1945: Japan lost in World War II to USA and gave up Taiwan permanently.
• 1946: USA accepts millions refugees and soldiers from China to Taiwan and USA President installs The Republic of China to govern Taiwan and to fight China and communism.
• 1947: Taiwanese widely protest governmental corruption under the Nationalists. Chiang Kai-shek sends in the army to restore order, killing tens of thousands. Some Taiwanese began the Taiwan independence movement.
• 1949:
  • Chinese Civil War between the Kuomintang (KMT) party and the Communist Party of China (CCP).
  • The Nationalists (KMT) lose the war, and escape to the island of Taiwan. They set up Taipei as the temporary capital of China (ROC).
  • The Communist Party of China (CCP) establishes Beijing as the capital of The People's Republic of China (PRC).
• 1951: Japan signs the Treaty of San Francisco(1951) with USA.
• 1979: The KMT government jails many democracy activists who opposed it (Kaohsiung Incident).
• 1986: The Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) is formed; it is the first party to form in the ROC other than the KMT. It remains illegal for several years, but the KMT government does not try to ban it.
• 1987: The KMT government lifts the martial law after almost 40 years.
• 2000: Chen Shui-bian (DPP) becomes president.
• 2004: Chen Shui-bian is re-elected after a controversial assassination attempt, in which many KMT-supporters believed, was staged by Chen. However, after unwillingness to cooperate about his medical records the investigation was inconclusive.
• 2008: Ma Ying-jeou was elected as the president of the Republic of China and thus creating a change of political parties for the second time.

Status of Taiwan

There are two Chinese governments in the world: The People's Republic of China (PRC) and the Republic of China (ROC). PRC claims control over the island of Taiwan (which is also known as Taiwan province), which is why people want Taiwan to formally declare independence. Today, in reality, the PRC government controls mainland China, and the ROC government governs Taiwan. The PRC government has never occupied Taiwan. The ROC government occupied mainland China from 1911 to 1949, before losing control of mainland China to the communist PRC.

Today, people who live in Taiwan have different ideas. Although many Taiwanese think there is no freedom in China, there are still some Taiwanese want to be united again with China. But most of the people in Taiwan want to keep everything like it is now (independent), at least until China becomes free.

Today most countries of the world recognize the People's Republic of China as China. Even though Taiwan is not recognized by the UN as a sovereign nation, most countries still have very close economic and cultural relationship with Taiwan. The government of People's Republic of China has said that if the people of Taiwan formally vote to become independent, they will invade Taiwan. So, there is now a situation where both sides are not making any big changes from the political side of view.

In March 2004, China's government passed a law called the Anti-Secession Law that will allow China to invade Taiwan if the people of Taiwan vote to become independent. This law hurt the feelings of the people in Taiwan very much, especially since the government of China has never ruled Taiwan in history. It has caused even more people in Taiwan to not to be re-united with mainland China.

Geography

Taiwan is mostly mountainous in the east, with gently sloping plains in the west. The Penghu Islands are west of the main island.

The island of Taiwan is about 180 kilometers off the southeastern coast of China. It is across the Taiwan Strait. It has an area of 35,883 km² (13,855 sq mi). The East China Sea is to the north, the Philippine Sea to the east, the Luzon Strait directly to the south and the South China Sea to the southwest.

Taiwan's highest point is Yu Shan (Jade Mountain). It is 3,952 meters high. There are five other peaks over 3,500 meters.

The Penghu Islands are 50 km (31.1 mi) west of the main island. They have an area of 126.9 km² (49.0 sq mi). More distant islands controlled by the Republic of China are the Kinmen, Wuchiu and Matsu Islands off the coast of Fujian. They have a total area of 180.5 km² (69.7 sq mi). The Pratas Islands and Taiping Island in the South China Sea have a total area of 2.9 km² (1.1 sq mi). They have no permanent inhabitants.

Cities

Taipei City

Hsinchu City

The largest cities in Taiwan are:

Rank	Division name	Chinese name	Type	Population
1	New Taipei City	新北市	Special municipality	3,903,745
2	Kaohsiung City	高雄市	Special municipality	2,772,461
3	Taichung City	臺中市 (台中市)	Special municipality	2,655,456
4	Taipei City	臺北市 (台北市)	Special municipality	2,635,766
5	Tainan City	臺南市 (台南市)	Special municipality	1,874,724
6	Hsinchu City	新竹市	Provincial city	417,335
7	Taoyuan City	桃園市	County-controlled city	408,304
8	Keelung City	基隆市	Provincial city	381,770
9	Zhongli City	中壢市	County-controlled city	370,779
10	Chiayi City	嘉義市	Provincial city	272,128
11	Changhua City	彰化市	County-controlled city	236,447
12	Pingtung City	屏東市	County-controlled city	210,275
13	Pingzhen City	平鎮市	County-controlled city	207,953
14	Bade City	八德市	County-controlled city	177,020
15	Yangmei City	楊梅市	County-controlled city	151,384
16	Zhubei City	竹北市	County-controlled city	144,234
17	Hualien City	花蓮市	County-controlled city	108,938
18	Taitung City	臺東市	County-controlled city	108,648
19	Douliu City	斗六市	County-controlled city	107,012
20	Nantou City	南投市	County-controlled city	104,069
21	Magong	馬公市	County-controlled city	104,069

Related pages

• Political status of Taiwan