Islamic theology
| Part of a series of articles on |
| Beliefs and practices |
|
Oneness of God |
| Important people |
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Muhammad |
| Texts & Laws |
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Qur'an • Sunnah • Hadith |
| Types of Islam |
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Sunni • Shi'a • Ibadi |
| Muslim culture |
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Academics • History |
| See also |
Islamic theology deals with the beliefs associated with the Islamic faith.
Contents |
Types of theology [change]
Islamic theology is the theology that comes from the Qur'an, Hadith, and the story of Muhammad's life (Sirah Rasul Allah).
Kalam [change]
Kalam is the Islamic philosophy of seeking theological principles through dialectic. In Arabic, the word literally means "speech". A scholar of kalam is referred to as a mutakallim (Muslim theologian; plural mutakallimiin).
Eschatology [change]
Eschatology is literally understood as the last things or ultimate things and in Muslim theology, eschatology refers to the end of this world and what will happen in the next world. Eschatology covers the death of human beings, their souls after their bodily death, the total destruction of this world, the resurrection of human souls, the final judgments of human deeds by Allah after the resurrection, and the rewards and punishments for the believers and non-believers. The places for the believers are known as Paradise and for the non-believers as Hell.
Comparative religion [change]
Comparative religion in Muslim theology is about the differences and similarities between Muslim theology and other theologies such as Christian, Jewish theologies as explained in the Qur'an and the Prophetic traditions.
Differences between various Muslim groups [change]
In the history of Muslim theology, there have been theological schools among Muslims with both similarities and differences with each other in regard to beliefs.
Sunni view [change]
Sunni Muslims hold that there are six articles of belief: belief in Allah, in angels, in divinely revealed scripture] like Qur'an, in prophets, in the "Last Day" or end times, and in predestination.
Shia view [change]
Shi`ite Muslims hold that there are five articles of belief: the Divine Oneness and Justice, the Prophethood, the Imamate, and eschatology.
Mu`tazilite view [change]
In terms of the relationship between human beings and their creator, Mu`tazilites emphasize human free will over predestination and God's justice over God's omnipotence. Mu'tazilites also believe in the use of logic to deduct the true meanings of the Qur'an. This, combined with the principal of Ijtihad, led to their belief in dynamic Fiqh.
