Nicolás de Ovando
Nicolás de Ovando (Brozas, 1460 – Seville, 1511) was a Spanish soldier from a noble family and a knight of the Order of Alcántara. He was governor of Hispaniola from 1502 until 1509.
Early life[change | change source]
Nicolas de Ovando was born in 1460 in the town of Brozas, in Extremadura, Spain. His family was very religious and, when young, he joined the military religious Order of Alcantara where, in 1478, he was named Comendador de Lares (Commander of Lares), a very important position in the Order.
Governor of Hispaniola[change | change source]
As Commander of Lares, he was very appreciated by the Spanish Catholic Kings and, in particular, by Queen Isabella. On 3 September 1501[1] (Oviedo[2] said in 1502), he was named as Governor of Hispaniola and of all lands discovered in America.
On 13 February, 1502 he went out of the port of Sanlúcar de Barrameda, Spain to go to the Hispaniola island with a fleet of 32 ships. On the fleet, there were 2,500 people, including priests, soldiers and colonists (some of them with their families), who were going to live in the Hispaniola. Among those colonists was Bartolomé de las Casas, later known as the Protector of the Indians, and also Francisco Pizarro, who conquered the Inca Empire.
The plan of Ovando was to develop the West Indies economically and expand the Spanish influence in the region.
Ovando got in Santo Domingo on 15 April 1502.[3]
Administration[change | change source]
The administration of Ovando in Hispaniola was one of great cruelty toward the Taíno Indians. When the Spaniards came to the island in 1492, the native population was 400,000 (estimated) but in 1508 there were only 60,000 Indians.[4]
Because the new colonists needed more workers for the gold mines and farms, they brought, as slaves, Indians from the Lucayas (now, the Bahamas) islands. Then they brought slaves from Spain (Ladinos, that is, of Africa origin but born in Spain); those were the first African slaves brought to America.
Ovando founded several cities (or ordered their foundations) on Hispaniola, among them: Compostela de Azua (or Azua de Compostela), Santa María de la Vera Paz, Bayajá (today, Fort Liberté, in Haiti), Salvatierra de la Sabana (today, Les Cayes, in Haiti), Salvaleón de Higüey, Cotuí, Puerto Plata, Santa Cruz de Hicayagua (today, Santa Cruz del Seibo, Dominican Republic).[3]
Ovando sent Andrés Morales to explore completely the Hispaniola island. Morales made the most complete map of the island.[5] Sebastián de Ocampo was sent to find out if Cuba was an island or part of the continent; after 8 or 10 months, Ocampo came back with the information that Cuba was an island. In 1508, Juan Ponce de León was sent with 50 men to conquer the island of San Juan (now the island of Puerto Rico).
In 1509, Ovando went back to Spain where he was made Comendador Mayor ("Head Commander") of the Order of Alcantara. During a meeting of the Order in Seville, Spain, he died on 29 May 1511[1] (Oviedo[2] said in 1518). He was buried in the Church of San Benito, in the city of Alcántara, Extremadura, Spain.
References[change | change source]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Lamb, Ursula (1956). Frey Nicolás de Ovando. Gobernador de las India (1501-1509) (in Spanish). Madrid: Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Instituto "Gonzalo Fernández de Oviedo".
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Fernández de Oviedo, Gonzalo (1851). Historia General y Natural de las Indias (in Spanish). Madrid: Real Academia de la Historia.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Franco Pichardo, Franklin (2002). Historia del Pueblo Dominicano (in Spanish). Santo Domingo: Sociedad Editorial Dominicana.
- ↑ Moya Pons, Frank (1977). Manual de Historia Dominicana (in Spanish). Santiago, República Dominicana: Universidad Católica Madre y Maestra. p. 26.
- ↑ Anglería, Pedro Martir de (1964). Décadas (in Spanish). Mexico: José Porrúa e Hijos.