Number theory

Number theory is a part of mathematics. It explains what some types of numbers are, what properties they have, and ways that they can be useful.

Topics in number theory are:

• Prime numbers
• Factorization

Important theorems in number theory are:

• Chinese remainder theorem
• Fundamental theorem of arithmetic
• Fermat's last theorem
• Fermat's little theorem

Applications

A well-known application of number theory is encrypted messaging (encryption). Data compression also makes use of the field.