Sexagenary cycle
(Redirected from Sexagenary calendar)
The sexagenary cycle (六十花甲 liùshí huājiǎ), also known as the "stems-and-branches" or "trunks-and-branches" (干支 gānzhī), is a traditional Chinese calendar system. It is a list of sixty terms which are used for identifying days or years.[1]
History[change | change source]
The oldest Chinese system for recording and organizing time uses repeated periods of 60 days.[2]
Ancient records show that the sexagenary cycle was used to count years in the 3rd century B.C.[2]
The repeating series of 60 terms has been an important part of historical calendar systems in East Asia, including China, Japan, Korea, Tibet and Vietnam.
Overview[change | change source]
Each term in the sexagenary cycle is made up of two Chinese characters:
- One character is taken from a list of "heavenly stems" or "trunks" (天干 tiāngān), including wood, fire, earth, metal and water.[3]
- The other character is taken from a list of "earthly branches" (地支 dìzhī) or animal signs, including Rat, Ox, Tiger, Rabbit, Dragon, Snake, Horse, Goat, Monkey, Rooster, Dog, and Pig.[4]
- The combinations make up a total of 60 different names for a period of time.
Heavenly stems[change | change source]
| No. | Heavenly Stem |
Chinese name |
Japanese name |
Korean name |
Vietnamese name |
Yin yang | Wu xing | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mandarin (Pinyin) |
Cantonese (Jyutping) |
Onyomi | Kunyomi with corresponding kanji |
Romanized | Hangul | |||||
| 1 | 甲 | jiǎ | gaap3 | kō (こう) | kinoe (木の兄) | gap | 갑 | giáp | yang | wood |
| 2 | 乙 | yǐ | jyut3 | otsu (おつ) | kinoto (木の弟) | eul | 을 | ất | yin | |
| 3 | 丙 | bǐng | bing2 | hei (へい) | hinoe (火の兄) | byeong | 병 | bính | yang | fire |
| 4 | 丁 | dīng | ding1 | tei (てい) | hinoto (火の弟) | jeong | 정 | đinh | yin | |
| 5 | 戊 | wù | mou6 | bo (ぼ) | tsuchinoe (土の兄) | mu | 무 | mậu | yang | earth |
| 6 | 己 | jǐ | gei2 | ki (き) | tsuchinoto (土の弟) | gi | 기 | kỷ | yin | |
| 7 | 庚 | gēng | gang1 | kō (こう) | kanoe (金の兄) | gyeong | 경 | canh | yang | metal |
| 8 | 辛 | xīn | san1 | shin (しん) | kanoto (金の弟) | shin | 신 | tân | yin | |
| 9 | 壬 | rén | jam4 | jin (じん) | mizunoe (水の兄) | im | 임 | nhâm | yang | water |
| 10 | 癸 | guǐ | gwai3 | ki (き) | mizunoto (水の弟) | gye | 계 | quý | yin | |
Earthly branches[change | change source]
| No. | Earthly Branch |
Chinese name |
Japanese name |
Korean name |
Vietnamese name |
Vietnamese zodiac |
Chinese zodiac |
Corresponding hours | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mandarin (pinyin) |
Cantonese (Jyutping) |
Onyomi | Kunyomi | Romanized | Hangul | ||||||
| 1 | 子 | zǐ | zi2 | shi | ne | ja | 자 | tý | Rat (chuột) | Rat (鼠) | 11 p.m. to 1 a.m. |
| 2 | 丑 | chǒu | cau2 | chū | ushi | chuk | 축 | sửu | Water Buffalo (trâu) | Cow (牛) | 1 to 3 a.m. |
| 3 | 寅 | yín | jan4 | in | tora | in | 인 | dần | Tiger (hổ/cọp) | Tiger (虎) | 3 to 5 a.m. |
| 4 | 卯 | mǎo | maau5 | bō | u | myo | 묘 | mẹo/mão | Cat (mèo) | Rabbit[5] (兔) | 5 to 7 a.m. |
| 5 | 辰 | chén | san4 | shin | tatsu | jin | 진 | thìn | Dragon (thuồng luồng) | Dragon (龍) | 7 to 9 a.m. |
| 6 | 巳 | sì | zi6 | shi | mi | sa | 사 | tỵ | Snake (rắn) | Snake (蛇) | 9 to 11 a.m. |
| 7 | 午 | wǔ | ng5 | go | uma | o | 오 | ngọ | Horse (ngựa) | Horse (馬) | 11 a.m. to 1 p.m. |
| 8 | 未 | wèi | mei6 | mi or bi | hitsuji | mi | 미 | mùi | Goat (dê) | Goat (羊) | 1 to 3 p.m. |
| 9 | 申 | shēn | san1 | shin | saru | shin | 신 | thân | Monkey (khỉ) | Monkey (猴) | 3 to 5 p.m. |
| 10 | 酉 | yǒu | jau5 | yū | tori | yu | 유 | dậu | Chicken (gà) | Chicken (雞) | 5 to 7 p.m. |
| 11 | 戌 | xū | seot1 | jutsu | inu | sul | 술 | tuất | Dog (chó) | Dog (狗) | 7 to 9 p.m. |
| 12 | 亥 | hài | hoi6 | gai | i | hae | 해 | hợi | Pig (lợn/heo) | Pig (豬) | 9 to 11 p.m. |
Conversion tables[change | change source]
Tables show specific years in the context of a repeating sexagenary cycle.
1804–1923[change | change source]
| No. | 1804–1863 | Heavenly stem | Earthly branch | 1864–1923 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Year | (Elements) | (Animals) | Year | |
| 1 | ~~ 1804 – ~~ 1805 | 甲 Yang Wood | 子 Rat | Feb 8 1864 – Jan 26 1865 |
| 2 | ~~ 1805 – ~~ 1806 | 乙 Yin Wood | 丑 Ox | Jan 27 1865 – ~~ 1866 |
| 3 | ~~ 1806 – ~~ 1807 | 丙 Yang Fire | 寅 Tiger | ~~ 1866 – ~~ 1867 |
| 4 | ~~ 1807 – ~~ 1808 | 丁 Yin Fire | 卯 Rabbit | ~~ 1867 – ~~ 1868 |
| 5 | ~~ 1808 – ~~ 1809 | 戊 Yang Earth | 辰 Dragon | ~~ 1868 – ~~ 1869 |
| 6 | ~~ 1809 – ~~ 1810 | 己 Yin Earth | 巳 Snake | ~~ 1869 – Jan 30 1870 |
| 7 | ~~ 1810 – ~~ 1811 | 庚 Yang Metal | 午 Horse | Jan 31 1870 – Feb 18 1871 |
| 8 | ~~ 1811 – ~~ 1812 | 辛 Yin Metal | 未 Goat | Feb 19 1871 – ~~ 1872 |
| 9 | ~~ 1812 – ~~ 1813 | 壬 Yang Water | 申 Monkey | ~~ 1872 – ~~ 1873 |
| 10 | ~~ 1813 – ~~ 1814 | 癸 Yin Water | 酉 Rooster | ~~ 1873 – ~~ 1874 |
| 11 | ~~ 1814 – ~~ 1815 | 甲 Yang Wood | 戌 Dog | ~~ 1874 – ~~ 1875 |
| 12 | ~~ 1815 – ~~ 1816 | 乙 Yin Wood | 亥 Pig | ~~ 1875 – ~~ 1876 |
| 13 | ~~ 1816 – ~~ 1817 | 丙 Yang Fire | 子 Rat | ~~ 1876 – ~~ 1877 |
| 14 | ~~ 1817 – ~~ 1818 | 丁 Yin Fire | 丑 Ox | ~~ 1877 – ~~ 1878 |
| 15 | ~~ 1818 – ~~ 1819 | 戊 Yang Earth | 寅 Tiger | ~~ 1878 – ~~ 1879 |
| 16 | ~~ 1819 – ~~ 1820 | 己 Yin Earth | 卯 Rabbit | ~~ 1879 – ~~ 1880 |
| 17 | ~~ 1820 – ~~ 1821 | 庚 Yang Metal | 辰 Dragon | ~~ 1880 – ~~ 1881 |
| 18 | ~~ 1821 – ~~ 1822 | 辛 Yin Metal | 巳 Snake | ~~ 1881 – ~~ 1882 |
| 19 | ~~ 1822 – ~~ 1823 | 壬 Yang Water | 午 Horse | ~~ 1882 – ~~ 1883 |
| 20 | ~~ 1823 – ~~ 1824 | 癸 Yin Water | 未 Goat | ~~ 1883 – ~~ 1884 |
| 21 | ~~ 1824 – ~~ 1825 | 甲 Yang Wood | 申 Monkey | ~~ 1884 – ~~ 1885 |
| 22 | ~~ 1825 – ~~ 1826 | 乙 Yin Wood | 酉 Rooster | ~~ 1885 – ~~ 1886 |
| 23 | ~~ 1826 – ~~ 1827 | 丙 Yang Fire | 戌 Dog | ~~ 1886 – ~~ 1887 |
| 24 | ~~ 1827 – ~~ 1828 | 丁 Yin Fire | 亥 Pig | ~~ 1887 – ~~ 1888 |
| 25 | ~~ 1828 – ~~ 1829 | 戊 Yang Earth | 子 Rat | ~~ 1888 – Jan 30 1889 |
| 26 | ~~ 1829 – ~~ 1830 | 己 Yin Earth | 丑 Ox | Jan 31 1889 – Jan 20 1890 |
| 27 | ~~ 1830 – ~~ 1831 | 庚 Yang Metal | 寅 Tiger | Jan 21 1890 – Feb 08 1891 |
| 28 | ~~ 1831 – ~~ 1832 | 辛 Yin Metal | 卯 Rabbit | Feb 09 1891 – ~~ 1892 |
| 29 | ~~ 1832 – ~~ 1833 | 壬 Yang Water | 辰 Dragon | ~~ 1892 – ~~ 1893 |
| 30 | ~~ 1833 – ~~ 1834 | 癸 Yin Water | 巳 Snake | ~~ 1893 – ~~ 1894 |
| 31 | ~~ 1834 – ~~ 1835 | 甲 Yang Wood | 午 Horse | ~~ 1894 – ~~ 1895 |
| 32 | ~~ 1835 – ~~ 1836 | 乙 Yin Wood | 未 Goat | ~~ 1895 – Feb 12 1896 |
| 33 | ~~ 1836 – ~~ 1837 | 丙 Yang Fire | 申 Monkey | Feb 13 1896 – Feb 01 1897 |
| 34 | ~~ 1837 – ~~ 1838 | 丁 Yin Fire | 酉 Rooster | Feb 02 1897 – Jan 21 1898 |
| 35 | ~~ 1838 – ~~ 1839 | 戊 Yang Earth | 戌 Dog | Jan 22 1898 – Feb 09 1899 |
| 36 | ~~ 1839 – ~~ 1840 | 己 Yin Earth | 亥 Pig | Feb 10 1899 – Jan 30 1900 |
| 37 | ~~ 1840 – ~~ 1841 | 庚 Yang Metal | 子 Rat | Jan 31 1900 – Feb 18 1901 |
| 38 | ~~ 1841 – ~~ 1842 | 辛 Yin Metal | 丑 Ox | Feb 19 1901 – Feb 07 1902 |
| 39 | ~~ 1842 – ~~ 1843 | 壬 Yang Water | 寅 Tiger | Feb 08 1902 – Jan 28 1903 |
| 40 | ~~ 1843 – ~~ 1844 | 癸 Yin Water | 卯 Rabbit | Jan 29 1903 – Feb 15 1904 |
| 41 | ~~ 1844 – ~~ 1845 | 甲 Yang Wood | 辰 Dragon | Feb 16 1904 – Feb 03 1905 |
| 42 | ~~ 1845 – ~~ 1846 | 乙 Yin Wood | 巳 Snake | Feb 04 1905 – Jan 24 1906 |
| 43 | ~~ 1846 – ~~ 1847 | 丙 Yang Fire | 午 Horse | Jan 25 1906 – Feb 12 1907 |
| 44 | ~~ 1847 – ~~ 1848 | 丁 Yin Fire | 未 Goat | Feb 13 1907 – Feb 01 1908 |
| 45 | ~~ 1848 – ~~ 1849 | 戊 Yang Earth | 申 Monkey | Feb 02 1908 – Jan 21 1909 |
| 46 | ~~ 1849 – ~~ 1850 | 己 Yin Earth | 酉 Rooster | Jan 22 1909 – Feb 09 1910 |
| 47 | ~~ 1850 – ~~ 1851 | 庚 Yang Metal | 戌 Dog | Feb 10 1910 – Jan 29 1911 |
| 48 | ~~ 1851 – ~~ 1852 | 辛 Yin Metal | 亥 Pig | Jan 30 1911 – Feb 17 1912 |
| 49 | ~~ 1852 – ~~ 1853 | 壬 Yang Water | 子 Rat | Feb 18 1912 – Feb 05 1913 |
| 50 | ~~ 1853 – ~~ 1854 | 癸 Yin Water | 丑 Ox | Feb 06 1913 – Jan 25 1914 |
| 51 | ~~ 1854 – ~~ 1855 | 甲 Yang Wood | 寅 Tiger | Jan 26 1914 – Feb 13 1915 |
| 52 | ~~ 1855 – ~~ 1856 | 乙 Yin Wood | 卯 Rabbit | Feb 14 1915 – Feb 02 1916 |
| 53 | ~~ 1856 – ~~ 1857 | 丙 Yang Fire | 辰 Dragon | Feb 03 1916 – Jan 22 1917 |
| 54 | ~~ 1857 – ~~ 1858 | 丁 Yin Fire | 巳 Snake | Jan 23 1917 – Feb 10 1918 |
| 55 | ~~ 1858 – ~~ 1859 | 戊 Yang Earth | 午 Horse | Feb 11 1918 – Jan 31 1919 |
| 56 | ~~ 1859 – ~~ 1860 | 己 Yin Earth | 未 Goat | Feb 01 1919 – Feb 19 1920 |
| 57 | ~~ 1860 – ~~ 1861 | 庚 Yang Metal | 申 Monkey | Feb 20 1920 – Feb 07 1921 |
| 58 | ~~ 1861 – ~~ 1862 | 辛 Yin Metal | 酉 Rooster | Feb 08 1921 – Jan 27 1922 |
| 59 | ~~ 1862 – ~~ 1863 | 壬 Yang Water | 戌 Dog | Jan 28 1922 – Feb 15 1923 |
| 60 | ~~ 1863 – Feb 7 1864 | 癸 Yin Water | 亥 Pig | Feb 16 1923 – Feb 04 1924 |
1924–1943[change | change source]
| No. | 1924–1983 | Heavenly stem | Earthly branch | 1984–2043 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Year | (Elements) | (Animals) | Year | |
| 1 | Feb 05 1924 – Jan 23 1925 | 甲 Yang Wood | 子 Rat | Feb 02 1984 – Feb 19 1985 |
| 2 | Jan 24 1925 – Feb 12 1926 | 乙 Yin Wood | 丑 Ox | Feb 20 1985 – Feb 08 1986 |
| 3 | Feb 13 1926 – Feb 01 1927 | 丙 Yang Fire | 寅 Tiger | Feb 09 1986 – Jan 28 1987 |
| 4 | Feb 02 1927 – Jan 21 1928 | 丁 Yin Fire | 卯 Rabbit | Jan 29 1987 – Feb 16 1988 |
| 5 | Jan 22 1928 – Feb 08 1929 | 戊 Yang Earth | 辰 Dragon | Feb 17 1988 – Feb 05 1989 |
| 6 | Feb 09 1929 – Jan 28 1930 | 己 Yin Earth | 巳 Snake | Feb 06 1989 – Jan 26 1990 |
| 7 | Jan 29 1930 – Feb 16 1931 | 庚 Yang Metal | 午 Horse | Jan 27 1990 – Feb 14 1991 |
| 8 | Feb 17 1931 – Feb 05 1932 | 辛 Yin Metal | 未 Goat | Feb 14 1991 – Feb 03 1992 |
| 9 | Feb 06 1932 – Jan 24 1933 | 壬 Yang Water | 申 Monkey | Feb 04 1992 – Jan 22 1993 |
| 10 | Jan 25 1933 – Feb 13 1934 | 癸 Yin Water | 酉 Rooster | Jan 23 1993 – Feb 09 1994 |
| 11 | Feb 14 1934 – Feb 02 1935 | 甲 Yang Wood | 戌 Dog | Feb 10 1994 – Jan 30 1995 |
| 12 | Feb 03 1935 – Jan 23 1936 | 乙 Yin Wood | 亥 Pig | Jan 31 1995 – Feb 18 1996 |
| 13 | Jan 24 1936 – Feb 10 1937 | 丙 Yang Fire | 子 Rat | Feb 19 1996 – Feb 06 1997 |
| 14 | Feb 11 1937 – Jan 30 1938 | 丁 Yin Fire | 丑 Ox | Feb 07 1997 – Jan 27 1998 |
| 15 | Jan 31 1938 – Feb 18 1939 | 戊 Yang Earth | 寅 Tiger | Jan 28 1998 – Feb 15 1999 |
| 16 | Feb 19 1939 – Feb 07 1940 | 己 Yin Earth | 卯 Rabbit | Feb 16 1999 – Feb 04 2000 |
| 17 | Feb 08 1940 – Jan 26 1941 | 庚 Yang Metal | 辰 Dragon | Feb 05 2000 – Jan 23 2001 |
| 18 | Jan 27 1941 – Feb 14 1942 | 辛 Yin Metal | 巳 Snake | Jan 24 2001 – Feb 11 2002 |
| 19 | Feb 15 1942 – Feb 04 1943 | 壬 Yang Water | 午 Horse | Feb 12 2002 – Jan 31 2003 |
| 20 | Feb 05 1943 – Jan 24 1944 | 癸 Yin Water | 未 Goat | Feb 01 2003 – Jan 21 2004 |
| 21 | Jan 25 1944 – Feb 12 1945 | 甲 Yang Wood | 申 Monkey | Jan 22 2004 – Feb 08 2005 |
| 22 | Feb 13 1945 – Feb 01 1946 | 乙 Yin Wood | 酉 Rooster | Feb 09 2005 – Jan 28 2006 |
| 23 | Feb 02 1946 – Jan 21 1947 | 丙 Yang Fire | 戌 Dog | Jan 29 2006 – Feb 17 2007 |
| 24 | Jan 22 1947 – Feb 09 1948 | 丁 Yin Fire | 亥 Pig | Feb 18 2007 – Feb 03 2008 |
| 25 | Feb 10 1948 – Jan 28 1949 | 戊 Yang Earth | 子 Rat | Feb 07 2008 – Jan 25 2009 |
| 26 | Jan 29 1949 – Feb 16 1950 | 己 Yin Earth | 丑 Ox | Jan 26 2009 – Feb 13 2010 |
| 27 | Feb 17 1950 – Feb 05 1951 | 庚 Yang Metal | 寅 Tiger | Feb 14 2010 – Feb 02 2011 |
| 28 | Feb 06 1951 – Jan 26 1952 | 辛 Yin Metal | 卯 Rabbit | Feb 03 2011 – Jan 22 2012 |
| 29 | Jan 27 1952 – Feb 13 1953 | 壬 Yang Water | 辰 Dragon | Jan 23 2012 – Feb 09 2013 |
| 30 | Feb 14 1953 – Feb 02 1954 | 癸 Yin Water | 巳 Snake | Feb 10 2013 – Jan 30 2014 |
| 31 | Feb 03 1954 – Jan 23 1955 | 甲 Yang Wood | 午 Horse | Jan 31 2014 – Feb 18 2015 |
| 32 | Jan 24 1955 – Feb 11 1956 | 乙 Yin Wood | 未 Goat | Feb 19 2015 – Feb 07 2016 |
| 33 | Feb 12 1956 – Jan 30 1957 | 丙 Yang Fire | 申 Monkey | Feb 08 2016 – Jan 27 2017 |
| 34 | Jan 30 1957 – Feb 17 1958 | 丁 Yin Fire | 酉 Rooster | Jan 28 2017 – Feb 15 2018 |
| 35 | Feb 18 1958 – Feb 07 1959 | 戊 Yang Earth | 戌 Dog | Feb 16 2018 – Feb 04 2019 |
| 36 | Feb 08 1959 – Jan 27 1960 | 己 Yin Earth | 亥 Pig | Feb 05 2019 – Jan 24 2020 |
| 37 | Jan 28 1960 – Feb 14 1961 | 庚 Yang Metal | 子 Rat | Jan 25 2020 – Feb 11 2021 |
| 38 | Feb 15 1961 – Feb 04 1962 | 辛 Yin Metal | 丑 Ox | Feb 12 2021 – Jan 31 2022 |
| 39 | Feb 05 1962 – Jan 24 1963 | 壬 Yang Water | 寅 Tiger | Feb 01 2022 – Jan 21 2023 |
| 40 | Jan 25 1963 – Feb 12 1964 | 癸 Yin Water | 卯 Rabbit | Jan 22 2023 – Feb 09 2024 |
| 41 | Feb 13 1964 – Feb 01 1965 | 甲 Yang Wood | 辰 Dragon | Feb 10 2024 – Jan 28 2025 |
| 42 | Feb 02 1965 – Jan 20 1966 | 乙 Yin Wood | 巳 Snake | Jan 29 2025 – Feb 16 2026 |
| 43 | Jan 21 1966 – Feb 08 1967 | 丙 Yang Fire | 午 Horse | Feb 17 2026 – Feb 05 2027 |
| 44 | Feb 09 1967 – Jan 29 1968 | 丁 Yin Fire | 未 Goat | Feb 06 2027 – Jan 25 2028 |
| 45 | Jan 30 1968 – Feb 16 1969 | 戊 Yang Earth | 申 Monkey | Jan 26 2028 – Feb 12 2029 |
| 46 | Feb 17 1969 – Feb 05 1970 | 己 Yin Earth | 酉 Rooster | Feb 13 2029 – Feb 02 2030 |
| 47 | Feb 06 1970 – Jan 26 1971 | 庚 Yang Metal | 戌 Dog | Feb 03 2030 – Jan 22 2031 |
| 48 | Jan 27 1971 – Feb 14 1972 | 辛 Yin Metal | 亥 Pig | Jan 23 2031 – Feb 10 2032 |
| 49 | Feb 15 1972 – Feb 02 1973 | 壬 Yang Water | 子 Rat | Feb 11 2032 – Jan 30 2033 |
| 50 | Feb 03 1973 – Jan 24 1974 | 癸 Yin Water | 丑 Ox | Jan 31 2033 – Feb 18 2034 |
| 51 | Jan 23 1974 – Feb 10 1975 | 甲 Yang Wood | 寅 Tiger | Feb 19 2034 – Feb 07 2035 |
| 52 | Feb 11 1975 – Jan 30 1976 | 乙 Yin Wood | 卯 Rabbit | Feb 08 2035 – Jan 27 2036 |
| 53 | Jan 31 1976 – Feb 17 1977 | 丙 Yang Fire | 辰 Dragon | Jan 28 2036 – Feb 14 2037 |
| 54 | Feb 18 1977 – Feb 06 1978 | 丁 Yin Fire | 巳 Snake | Feb 15 2037 – Feb 03 2038 |
| 55 | Feb 07 1978 – Jan 27 1979 | 戊 Yang Earth | 午 Horse | Feb 04 2038 – Jan 23 2039 |
| 56 | Jan 28 1979 – Feb 15 1980 | 己 Yin Earth | 未 Goat | Jan 24 2039 – Feb 11 2040 |
| 57 | Feb 16 1980 – Feb 04 1981 | 庚 Yang Metal | 申 Monkey | Feb 12 2040 – Jan 31 2041 |
| 58 | Feb 05 1981 – Jan 24 1982 | 辛 Yin Metal | 酉 Rooster | Feb 01 2041 – Jan 21 2042 |
| 59 | Jan 25 1982 – Feb 12 1983 | 壬 Yang Water | 戌 Dog | Jan 22 2042 – Feb 09 2043 |
| 60 | Feb 13 1983 – Feb 01 1984 | 癸 Yin Water | 亥 Pig | Feb 10 2043 – Jan 29 2044 |
Related pages[change | change source]
References[change | change source]
- ↑ Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "Jikkan-jūnishi" in Japan Encyclopedia, p. 420.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Latham, Lance. (1998). Standard C Date/Time Library: Programming the World's Calendars and Clocks, p. 378.
- ↑ Nussbaum, "Calendar" at pp. 98-99.
- ↑ Nussbaum, "Jūnishi" at pp. 436-437.
- ↑ Sexagenary animal names may be translated into English in many ways. For example, the Vietnamese use cat instead of Rabbit.