2022 Brazilian general election

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Presidential election
2 October 2022 (2022-10-02) (first round)
30 October 2022 (2022-10-30) (second round)
Opinion polls
Turnout79.05% (first round)
79.41% (second round)
 
Candidate Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva Jair Bolsonaro
Party Workers' Party Liberal Party
Alliance Brazil of Hope For the Good of Brazil
Home state São Paulo[a] Rio de Janeiro[b]
Running mate Geraldo Alckmin Walter Braga Netto
Popular vote 60,345,999 58,206,354
Percentage 50.90% 49.10%
Presidential election results
President before election

Jair Bolsonaro
PL

Elected President

Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva
PT

General elections took place on 2 October 2022 in Brazil to elect the President, Vice President, and the National Congress.[1] A run-off was held on 30 October.

There were more than 146 million registered voters in Brazil when this election took place, making the country the second largest democracy in the Americas and one of the largest in the world.[2][3]

On 5 May 2022, President Jair Bolsonaro ordered an audit on the country's voting machines, five months before the election, with people believing should he lose the election he would not accept defeat.[4]

On 2 October 2022, former President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva advanced to the run-off election on 30 October against President Bolsonaro.[5] Lula won 48.43% of the vote against Bolsonaro's 43.20%.[6]

On 30 October, Lula defeated Bolsonaro winning 50.90% of the vote against Bolsonaro's 49.10%.[7] Two days later, Bolsonaro did not say he lost the election however agreed to a transition of power. After Bolsonaro lost, his supporters began blocking several roads and bridges.[8]

On 8 January 2023, one week after Lula's inauguration, supporters of Bolsonaro stormed and invaded the Supreme Court of Brazil, the National Congress of Brazil and the Planalto Presidential Palace in the Praça dos Três Poderes plaza in Brasília, the federal capital.

Voting rules[change | change source]

To vote in Brazil, voters must be citizens over 16 years old and is mandatory for those between 18 and 70 years old. Those who do not vote in an election and do not show a reason why must pay a fine, normally R$3.51[9][10][11] (same as US$0.67 as of June 2022).[12]

Brazilian citizens living abroad may only vote for president and vice president.[13] Portuguese citizens legally living in Brazil for more than three years may also register to vote in Brazilian elections.[14]

Other elections[change | change source]

Other national elections will be held at the same time as the presidential election. Governors and Vice Governors of Brazil's states and of the Federal District will also be elected at the same time.

One-third of the 81 members of the Federal Senate will be elected, the other two-thirds having been elected in 2018.[15]

All 513 members of the Chamber of Deputies (Federal Deputies) will be elected. The Chamber elections are held using open list proportional representation.[16][17]

Main presidential candidates[change | change source]

Candidates in runoff[change | change source]

Party Presidential candidate[18] Vice presidential candidate[c] Coalition
Workers' Party
(PT 13) 		Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva (campaign)

President of Brazil (2003–2010)
Federal Deputy for São Paulo (1987–1991)

 Geraldo Alckmin Geraldo Alckmin (PSB)

Governor of São Paulo (2001–2006, 2011–2018)
Vice Governor of São Paulo (1995–2001)

 Brazil of Hope:
Liberal Party
(PL 22) 		Jair Bolsonaro Jair Bolsonaro (campaign)

President of Brazil (since 2019)
Federal Deputy for Rio de Janeiro (1991–2018)

 Walter Braga Netto Walter Braga Netto

Minister of Defence (2021–2022)
Chief of Staff of the Presidency (2020–2021)

 For the Good of Brazil:

Eliminated in first round[change | change source]

Withdrawn[change | change source]

Debates[change | change source]

As of April 2022, the following TV stations confirmed presidential debates:[27]

2022 Brazilian presidential election debates
No. Date, time and location Hosts Moderators Participants[e]
Key:
 P  Present  A  Absent  I  Invited  Out  Out of the election 		PL PT NOVO PDT MDB UNIÃO PTB
Bolsonaro Lula d'Avila Gomes Tebet Thronicke Souza
1.1 Sunday, 28 August 2022, 21:00, São Paulo[30] Bandeirantes, TV Cultura, Folha, UOL Adriana Araújo, Eduardo Oinegue, Fabíola Cidral, Leão Serva P P P P P P Out[f]
1.2 Saturday, 24 September 2022, 18:15, Osasco[31] SBT, CNN Brazil, Estado, Veja, Terra, NovaBrasil FM Carlos Nascimento P A P P P P P
1.3 Thursday, 29 September 2022, 22:30, Rio de Janeiro[32] Globo William Bonner P P P P P P P
2.1 Sunday, 16 October 2022, 20:00, São Paulo[33] Bandeirantes, TV Cultura, Folha, UOL Adriana Araújo, Eduardo Oinegue, Fabíola Cidral, Leão Serva P P Out
2.2 Monday, 17 October 2022, Osasco[34] RedeTV! TBD P P Out
2.3 Friday, 21 October 2022, 21:30, Osasco[35] SBT, CNN Brazil, Estado, Veja, Terra, NovaBrasil FM Carlos Nascimento I I Out
2.4 Sunday, 23 October 2022, São Paulo[34] Record TBD I I Out
2.5 Friday, 28 October 2022, 21:30, Rio de Janeiro[36] Globo TBD I I Out

Opinion polling[change | change source]

First round[change | change source]

Local regression of polls conducted

Polling average[change | change source]

Aggregator Last update Jair Bolsonaro
PL 		Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva
PT 		Ciro Gomes
PDT 		Simone Tebet
MDB 		Others
[g] 		Abst.
Undec. 		Lead
The Economist[37] 1 Oct 2022 38% 51% 5% 6% (N/A) (N/A) Lula +13.0
Veja[38] 1 Oct 2022 33.7% 44.7% 6.8% 4.7% (N/A) (N/A) Lula +11.0
Estadão[39] 1 Oct 2022 33% 47% 5% 6% 2% 7% Lula +14.0
CNN Brasil[40] 1 Oct 2022 34% 48% 5% 6% 2% 6% Lula +14.0
PollingData[41] 1 Oct 2022 37.5% 43.7% 5.1% 5.3% 1.9% 6.5% Lula +6.2
El Pais[42] 1 Oct 2022 35.3% 46.7% 6.0% 4.9% (N/A) (N/A) Lula +11.4
El Electoral[43] 1 Oct 2022 38.5% 48.5% 5.5% 5.0% (N/A) (N/A) Lula +10.0
Pollstergraph[44] 1 Oct 2022 37.1% 44.8% 5.6% 4.7% Lula +7.7

Second round[change | change source]

Local regression of polls conducted

Polling average[change | change source]

Aggregator Last update Jair Bolsonaro
PL 		Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva
PT 		Blank/Null/
Undec. 		Lead
The Economist[45] 16 Oct 2022 48% 52% (N/A) Lula +4.0
Estadão[46] 14 Oct 2022 41% 49% 10% Lula +8.0
PollingData 14 Oct 2022 44.3% 47.4% 8% Lula +3.1
CNN Brasil 12 Oct 2022 42% 50% 8% Lula +8.0

Bolsonaro's claims of fraud[change | change source]

Bolsonaro has said that Brazilian electronic ballots might make vote rigging easier.[47][48][49][50]

During the 2018 elections, many social media platforms had fake claims that electronic ballots had been set up to support candidates other than Bolsonaro, and that he had won the presidential election in the first round.[51] However none of these claims were proven true.[52] As president, Bolsonaro kept on saying that the 2022 election will have fraud voting and wanted to have an election audit.[53]

In July 2022, Bolsonaro said that the voting system in Brazil was weak and that it was possible for voter fraud and rigging to happen in the 2022 election.[54] Brazilian and international law experts, political analysts, and authorities have said Bolsonaro's claims are not true. Many worry that Bolsonaro's false fraud claims might be seen as a self-coup, such as the 2021 United States Capitol attack, should Bolsonaro lose the election.[55][56][57][58] Bolsonaro has looked for police and military support, which many saw as him planning a coup should he lose.[59]

2023 invasion of the Brazilian Congress[change | change source]

See the main article: 2023 invasion of the Brazilian Congress

On 8 January 2023, supporters of former President Jair Bolsonaro stormed and invaded the Praça dos Três Poderes in Brasília, taking over the offices of the Supreme Federal Court, National Congress of Brazil and the Palácio do Planalto.[60] The event was seen as an attempted coup d'état to overturn the election results of the 2022 general election.[61]

Results[change | change source]

CandidateRunning matePartyFirst roundSecond round
Votes%Votes%
Luiz Inácio Lula da SilvaGeraldo Alckmin (PSB)Workers' Party57,259,50448.430–
Jair Bolsonaro (incumbent)Walter Braga NettoLiberal Party51,072,34543.200–
Simone TebetMara Gabrilli (PSDB)Brazilian Democratic Movement4,915,4234.16
Ciro GomesAna Paula MatosDemocratic Labour Party3,599,2873.04
Soraya ThronickeMarcos CintraBrazil Union600,9550.51
Luiz Felipe d'AvilaTiago MitraudNew Party559,7080.47
Kelmon SouzaLuiz Cláudio GamonalBrazilian Labour Party81,1290.07
Leonardo PériclesSamara MartinsPopular Unity53,5190.05
Sofia ManzanoAntonio AlvesBrazilian Communist Party45,6200.04
Vera Lúcia SalgadoKunã Yporã TremembéUnited Socialist Workers' Party25,6250.02
José Maria EymaelJoão Barbosa BravoChristian Democracy16,6040.01
Total118,229,719100.000–
Valid votes118,229,71995.590–
Invalid votes3,487,8742.820–
Blank votes1,964,7791.590–
Total votes123,682,372100.000100.00
Registered voters/turnout156,453,35479.05156,453,3540.00
Source: Superior Electoral Court

Notes[change | change source]

  1. ↑ Born in Pernambuco, domiciled in São Paulo.
  2. ↑ Born in São Paulo, domiciled in Rio de Janeiro.
  3. ↑ Same party as the presidential candidate, unless mentioned in parentheses
  4. ↑ PTB initially nominated Roberto Jefferson for president and Kelmon Souza for vice president. On 1 September 2022, the Superior Electoral Court denied Jefferson's candidacy and ruled him ineligible for public office until 24 December 2023 because of a past criminal conviction. After this ruling, the party nominated Kelmon Souza for president and Luiz Cláudio Gamonal for vice president.[20]
  5. ↑ Debates broadcast on television or radio were legally required to invite all candidates whose parties or coalitions had at least five members in the National Congress based on the most recent election.[28] The candidates listed in this table satisfied this condition.[29]
  6. ↑ Roberto Jefferson, the candidate of PTB at the time of this debate, was not invited as his eligibility was disputed. He was later ruled ineligible and replaced by Kelmon Souza.
  7. ↑ This column presents the sum of candidates who do not reach 3% frequently.

References[change | change source]

  1. ↑ "Brasil terá eleições livres em 2022 e com instituições funcionando, diz Barroso". G1. 4 October 2021. Archived from the original on 7 October 2021. Retrieved 7 October 2021.
  2. ↑ Electorate statistics Archived 24 November 2021 at the Wayback Machine, Superior Electoral Court (in Portuguese).
  3. ↑ "Brazil: Freedom in the World 2021 Country Report". Freedom House. Archived from the original on 9 April 2022. Retrieved 2022-04-12.
  4. ↑ "BOLSONARO, BRAZIL'S BIGGEST TRUMP FANBOY, APPARENTLY SETTING UP HIS OWN STOLEN-ELECTION CONSPIRACY". Vanity Fair. May 5, 2022. Retrieved May 6, 2022.
  5. ↑ "Brazil's Lula and Bolsonaro face run-off after surprisingly tight result". Yahoo. Retrieved 6 October 2022.
  6. ↑ "Resultados" (in Portuguese). TSE. Archived from the original on 2 November 2022. Retrieved 6 October 2022.
  7. ↑ "Resultados" (in Portuguese). TSE. Archived from the original on 2 November 2022. Retrieved 6 October 2022.
  8. ↑ "Bolsonaristas fecham com barricadas duas estradas que dão acesso a Brasília". Valor Investe (in Brazilian Portuguese). 2022-10-31.
  9. ↑ "Justificativa Eleitoral" (in Portuguese). Superior Electoral Court. Archived from the original on 14 July 2019. Retrieved 2 July 2019.
  10. ↑ "Tira-dúvidas dos eleitores" (in Portuguese). Regional Electoral Court of São Paulo. Archived from the original on 5 October 2018. Retrieved 2 July 2019.
  11. ↑ Electoral fine Archived 16 December 2021 at the Wayback Machine, Regional Electoral Court of Rio de Janeiro.
  12. ↑ Resolution no. 23.659, of 26 October 2021 Archived 14 December 2021 at the Wayback Machine, Superior Electoral Court. Articles 127 and 133 (in Portuguese).
  13. ↑ Voter abroad Archived 24 November 2021 at the Wayback Machine, Superior Electoral Court (in Portuguese).
  14. ↑ "Com estatuto de igualdade de direitos políticos, há mais de 26 mil portugueses aptos a votar no Brasil". Ora Pois (in Portuguese). Archived from the original on 24 November 2021. Retrieved 2022-06-04.
  15. ↑ "Federal Senate electoral system". Inter-Parliamentary Union. Archived from the original on 25 August 2019. Retrieved 2 July 2019.
  16. ↑ "Chamber of Deputies electoral system". Inter-Parliamentary Union. Archived from the original on 25 August 2019. Retrieved 2 July 2019.
  17. ↑ How does the proportional system work? Archived 24 November 2021 at the Wayback Machine, Superior Electoral Court (in Portuguese).
  18. ↑ "Publishing of candidates and electoral accounts" (in Portuguese). Superior Electoral Court of Brazil. Retrieved 2022-09-06.[permanent dead link]
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 19.2 Tebet will vote to Lula and together with Cardoso and Gomes hit Bolsonaro's calculations
  20. ↑ Nunes, Vinicius (1 September 2022). "PTB escolhe "padre" e pastor para chapa à presidência". Poder360 (in Portuguese). Archived from the original on 1 September 2022. Retrieved 1 September 2022.
  21. ↑ "Moro se filia ao União Brasil e diz abrir mão de candidatura a presidente". www.uol.com.br (in Brazilian Portuguese). Archived from the original on 2022-03-31. Retrieved 2022-03-31.
  22. ↑ "Bolsonaro recebe apoio de Rodrigo, Zema, Castro e Moro; PDT de Ciro e Cidadania aderem a Lula". CNN Brasil (in Portuguese). 4 October 2022. Retrieved 4 October 2022.
  23. ↑ "João Doria drops out of Brazil's presidential race". The Brazilian Report. 2022-05-23. Retrieved 2022-05-23.
  24. ↑ "Eleições 2022: Doria desiste de pré-candidatura à Presidência "com o coração ferido e a alma leve"". CNN Brasil (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 2022-05-23.
  25. ↑ Alves, Pedro (31 July 2022). "Luciano Bivar anuncia desistência de candidatura à Presidência da República e lança nome da senadora Soraya Thronicke". G1 (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 31 July 2022.
  26. ↑ "Janones desiste de candidatura e decide apoiar Lula". G1 (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 2022-08-04.
  27. ↑ "Quando serão os debates da corrida presidencial e quem confirmou participação" (in Portuguese). Gazeta do Povo. Archived from the original on 1 February 2022. Retrieved February 1, 2022. "Os debates da TV Globo nas eleições 2022" (in Portuguese). O Globo. Archived from the original on 1 April 2022. Retrieved April 22, 2022. {{cite web}}: |archive-date= / |archive-url= timestamp mismatch; 22 April 2022 suggested (help)
  28. ↑ "Resolution no. 23610, of 18 December 2019. Article 44" (in Portuguese). Superior Electoral Court of Brazil. Archived from the original on 1 April 2022. Retrieved 18 August 2022.
  29. ↑ "Annex to order no. 739, of 12 August 2022" (in Portuguese). Superior Electoral Court of Brazil. 12 August 2022.[permanent dead link]
  30. ↑ "First debate for president: time, how to watch, candidates and rules". UOL (in Portuguese). 28 August 2022. Archived from the original on 28 August 2022. Retrieved 28 August 2022.
  31. ↑ "Without Lula, Bolsonaro decides to go to debate on SBT and still evaluates Globo's". UOL (in Portuguese). 20 September 2022. Archived from the original on 23 September 2022. Retrieved 23 September 2022.
  32. ↑ "Quando vai ser o debate na Globo? Veja horário e candidatos à presidência que irão ao debate eleitoral" [When will the debate be on Globo? See the time and the presidential candidates who will go to the election debate]. Jornal do Commercio (in Portuguese). 26 September 2022. Archived from the original on 27 September 2022. Retrieved 28 September 2022.
  33. ↑ "Band fará debate do 2º turno entre Lula e Bolsonaro em 16 de outubro" [Band will hold debate for second round between Lula and Bolsonaro on 16 October] (in Portuguese). Bandeirantes. 6 October 2022.
  34. ↑ 34.0 34.1 "Debates do segundo turno já têm data marcada – saiba se Bolsonaro e Lula vão se enfrentar novamente" [Debates for the second round already have schedule dates – know if Bolsonaro and Lula will face each other again] (in Portuguese). Seu Dinheiro. 6 October 2022.
  35. ↑ "Bolsonaro confirma presença em debate organizado pelo SBT e grupo de veículos" [Bolsonaro confirms presence in debate organized by SBT and media pool] (in Portuguese). Gazeta do Povo. 6 October 2022.
  36. ↑ "Globo muda horário de debate para presidente no segundo turno; veja novo horário e data" [Globo changes time of debate for president in the second round; see new time and date] (in Portuguese). Jornal do Commercio. 6 October 2022.
  37. ↑ "How close is the race between Jair Bolsonaro and Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva?". The Economist. Retrieved 2022-10-01.
  38. ↑ "ÍNDICE 2022: AGREGADOR DE PESQUISAS". Veja (in Portuguese). Retrieved 1 October 2022.
  39. ↑ "Agregador de Pesquisas - Eleições 2022 - Estadão". Estadão. Retrieved 2022-09-19.
  40. ↑ "Agregador CNN/Locomotiva". CNN Brasil (in Portuguese). Archived from the original on 2 October 2022. Retrieved 1 October 2022.
  41. ↑ "Polling Data". pollingdata.com.br. Retrieved 2022-10-01.
  42. ↑ "Lula crece en las encuestas y se acerca a la mayoría absoluta en la primera vuelta de las eleccciones en Brasil". elpais.com. Retrieved 2022-10-01.
  43. ↑ "BRASIL". elelectoral.com/. Retrieved 2022-10-01.
  44. ↑ "Média agregada das pesquisas". pollstergraph.com/. Retrieved 2022-10-01.
  45. ↑ "How close is the race between Jair Bolsonaro and Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva?". The Economist. Retrieved 2022-10-11.
  46. ↑ "Agregador de Pesquisas | Eleições 2022". Estadão (in Portuguese). Retrieved 2022-09-01.
  47. ↑ "Raquel Dodge pede ao STF para derrubar exigência de impressão dos votos pelas urnas eletrônicas". G1 (in Portuguese). Retrieved 2022-07-19.
  48. ↑ Alessi, Gil (2018-02-08). "Voto impresso, o retorno ao passado que opõe Bolsonaro e a Procuradoria Geral". El País Brasil (in Portuguese). Retrieved 2022-07-19.
  49. ↑ "Folha de S.Paulo - Internacional - En - Brazil - Brazil's Supreme Court Suspends Requirement of Paper Votes in This Year's Elections - 07/06/2018". www1.folha.uol.com.br. Retrieved 2022-07-19.
  50. ↑ "Por 8 a 2, STF derruba voto impresso nas eleições de 2018". G1 (in Portuguese). Retrieved 2022-07-19.
  51. ↑ "'Fraude nas urnas' e 'kit gay' têm maior impacto que outras notícias falsas em Twitter, Facebook e Youtube | FGV DAPP". Sala de Democracia Digital | DAPP FGV. Archived from the original on 2021-11-01. Retrieved 2022-07-19.
  52. ↑ "Vídeo de fraude em urna divulgado por Flávio Bolsonaro é falso, diz TRE-MG". UOL Eleições 2018. Retrieved 2022-07-19.
  53. ↑ "Bolsonaro usa Bolívia para defender auditoria em eleições - Congresso em Foco". Congresso em Foco (in Portuguese). 2019-11-14. Retrieved 2022-07-19.
  54. ↑ Savarese, Mauricio (July 18, 2022). "Bolsonaro meets diplomats to sow doubts on election". Portland Press Herald.
  55. ↑ Nicas, Jack (12 June 2022). "Bolsonaro's New Ally in Questioning Brazil's Elections: The Military". Archived from the original on 14 June 2022 – via NYTimes.com.
  56. ↑ "Might Jair Bolsonaro try to steal Brazil's election?". July 14, 2022. Archived from the original on 15 July 2022 – via The Economist.
  57. ↑ "Bolsonaro supporters breach police cordon in protest against Brazil judiciary". CNN. Archived from the original on 25 July 2022.
  58. ↑ "Brazil could face attack like U.S. Capitol assault, top election official says". 17 May 2022. Archived from the original on 25 July 2022 – via www.reuters.com.
  59. ↑ Stargardter, Gabriel (1 April 2021). "Analysis: Brazil's Bolsonaro seeks police support before elections with reshuffle". Archived from the original on 25 July 2022 – via www.reuters.com.
  60. ↑ Nicas, Jack; Spigariol, André (8 January 2023). "Bolsonaro Supporters Lay Siege to Brazil's Capital". The New York Times. Retrieved 9 January 2023.
  61. ↑ Bowman, Emma (8 January 2023). "Security forces regain control after Bolsonaro supporters storm Brazil's Congress". NPR. Retrieved 9 January 2023.
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