Amoxicillin
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| Pronunciation | /əˌmɒksɪˈsɪlɪn/ |
| Trade names | Hundreds of names[1] |
| Other names | Amoxycillin, amox, Amoxycillin (AAN AU) |
| AHFS/Drugs.com | Monograph |
| MedlinePlus | a685001 |
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| Routes of administration | By mouth, intravenous |
| Drug class | β-lactam antibiotic |
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| Pharmacokinetic data | |
| Bioavailability | 95% by mouth |
| Metabolism | less than 30% biotransformed in liver |
| Elimination half-life | 61.3 minutes |
| Excretion | Kidneys |
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| ECHA InfoCard | 100.043.625 |
| Chemical and physical data | |
| Formula | C16H19N3O5S |
| Molar mass | 365.40 g·mol−1 |
| 3D model (JSmol) | |
| Density | 1.6±0.1 [2] g/cm3 |
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Amoxicillin is an antibiotic used to treat some bacterial infections.[3] It is one of the most common antibiotics given to children.[4]
It may be given for middle ear infection, strep throat, pneumonia, skin infections, infections caused by Helicobacter pylori, and urinary tract infections among others.[3] It is taken by mouth, or less commonly by injection.[3][5]
Common adverse effects are nausea and a rash.[3] It can also make yeast infections more likely. When taken with clavulanic acid, it can cause diarrhea.[6] It should not be used on someone allergic to penicillin. [3] It can be used for people with kidney problems, but less should be given than normal.[3] It may be used on pregnant women or women who are breastfeeding.[3]
Amoxicillin was discovered in 1958 by Anthony Alfred Walter Long and John Herbert Charles Nayler. Its use started in 1972.[7][8] It is on the (WHO) World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.[9] Amoxicillin is cheap and commonly used.[10]
References
[change | change source]- ↑ "International brand names for amoxicillin". www.drugs.com. Drugs.com. Archived from the original on 29 May 2016. Retrieved 15 November 2016.
- ↑ "Amoxicillin". www.chemsrc.com.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "Amoxicillin". The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. Archived from the original on 5 September 2015. Retrieved 1 August 2015.
- ↑ Kelly D (2008). Diseases of the liver and biliary system in children (3 ed.). Chichester, UK: Wiley-Blackwell. p. 217. ISBN 978-1-4443-0054-3. Archived from the original on 8 September 2017.
- ↑ "Amoxicillin Sodium for Injection". EMC. 10 February 2016. Archived from the original on 27 October 2016. Retrieved 26 October 2016.
- ↑ Gillies M, Ranakusuma A, Hoffmann T, Thorning S, McGuire T, Glasziou P, Del Mar C (January 2016). "Common harms from amoxicillin: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled trials for any indication". CMAJ. 187 (1): E21–E31. doi:10.1503/cmaj.140848. PMC 4284189. PMID 25404399.
- ↑ Fischer J, Ganellin CR (2006). Analogue-based Drug Discovery. John Wiley & Sons. p. 490. ISBN 978-3-527-60749-5. Archived from the original on 8 September 2017.
- ↑ Roy J (2012). An introduction to pharmaceutical sciences production, chemistry, techniques and technology. Cambridge: Woodhead Pub. p. 239. ISBN 978-1-908818-04-1. Archived from the original on 8 September 2017.
- ↑ World Health Organization (2019). World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019. Geneva: World Health Organization. hdl:10665/325771. WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
- ↑ Hanno, Philip M.; Guzzo, Thomas J.; Malkowicz, S. Bruce; Wein, Alan J. (2014-01-26). Penn Clinical Manual of Urology E-Book: Expert Consult - Online. Elsevier Health Sciences. ISBN 978-0-323-24466-4.