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COVID-19 pandemic in Vietnam

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COVID-19 pandemic in Vietnam
Map of the COVID-19 pandemic in Vietnam:

(as of 21 February 2021):

  Confirmed 10–99
  Confirmed 100–999
  Confirmed 1.000-9.999
  Confirmed 10.000-99.999
  Confirmed ≥ 100.000
DiseaseCOVID-19
Virus strainSARS-CoV-2
LocationVietnam
First outbreakWuhan, Hubei, China
Index caseHo Chi Minh City
Arrival date23 January 2020
(5 years, 3 months and 4 weeks)
Confirmed cases2,383[1]
Recovered1,717[1]
Deaths
35[1]
Government website
ncov.moh.gov.vn

The COVID-19 pandemic spread to Vietnam on 23 January 2020, when its first known case of COVID-19 was reported.[2]

As of 13 April 2024 the country had 11,625,195 confirmed cases, 10,640,971 recoveries, and 43,206 deaths.[3] Hai Duong, as of February 2021 is the most-affected province with 647 confirmed cases.[1]

Background

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Novel infectious diseases, such as COVID-19, are a significant public health threat.[4] Although human coronaviruses (CoVs) were known as major pathogens which caused respiratory illnesses,[5][6] a new strain of coronavirus known as SARS-CoV caused an outbreak in 29 countries from 2002 to 2004. The outbreak, which infected 8,098 people and caused 774 deaths,[6] Evidence showed that the virus may have originated from an animal coronavirus that found its way into the human population.[6][7][8] indicated that animal coronaviruses could be dangerous to humans.[6]

Although it is still unknown exactly where COVID-19 began, many early cases have been attributed to visitors to the Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market in Wuhan, Hubei, China.[9] The earliest known symptomatic person was later discovered to have become ill on 1 December 2019, but that person was apparently unconnected to the later wet-market cluster;[10] an earlier case possibly occurred on 17 November.[11][12][13] China reported the cluster on 31 December 2019,[14] and the World Health Organization (WHO) issued its first report on the outbreak on 5 January 2020.[15] A week later, the WHO confirmed that a novel coronavirus caused a cluster of respiratory illness reported earlier in Wuhan.[16][17] On 20 January, the WHO and China confirmed that human-to-human transmission had occurred.[18] WHO declared the outbreak a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) on 30 January, saying that its Wuhan investigation was finished and citing mounting evidence that the novel coronavirus had spread to 18 countries.[19]

Vietnam has a history of managing pandemics; it was the second country (after China) to address the 2002–04 SARS outbreak and, after 63 cases and five deaths, was the first country to be declared SARS-free by the WHO. Since that outbreak, Vietnam had increased investment in its public-health infrastructure, developed a national public health emergency operations center and a national public health surveillance system, and maintained systems to collect public data. Since 2016, hospitals are required to report notifiable diseases to a central database within 24 hours so the Ministry of Health can track epidemiological developments nationwide. In collaboration with the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Vietnam implemented an "event-based" surveillance program in 2018 which enables the public to report public-health issues. Officials can identify clusters of people with similar symptoms, which might indicate an outbreak.[20]

With a population of nearly 100 million and millions of visitors from China, the country's largest trading partner, annually,[21][22][23][24] Vietnam was initially perceived as likely to be hard-hit by the pandemic. When the country recorded its first two cases on 23 January 2020, it was among the first countries affected by COVID-19.[25] Two weeks later, only 150 cases had been reported outside mainland China; ten were in Vietnam, however, making it one of the top-ten affected countries. By early 2021, Vietnam was one of the countries with the lowest case count and mortality per million inhabitants.[26]

Cases

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On 23 January 2020, Vietnam confirmed the first two cases of COVID-19, a Chinese man (#1) travelling from Wuhan to Hanoi to visit his son who lived in Vietnam, and his son (#2), who was believed to have contracted the disease from his father. They were hospitalized in Ho Chi Minh City.[27] On 29 January, the son fully recovered and was discharged.[28] His father was discharged on 12 February.[29]

From 17 to 23 April, no new cases were confirmed.[30][31] However, there were reports of cases who tested positive again after being discharged.[32][33] On 24 April, two more cases were confirmed: both were Vietnamese students who came back from Japan and quarantined on arrival.[34]

Government response

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Coronavirus pandemic phases in Vietnam[35][36]
Stage Number of case Description
Phase 1 (23 January – 25 February 2020) 16 Cases reported are usually people who have had travel history to China.
Phase 2 (6 – 19 March 2020) 69 The virus has spread globally, many cases reported are from other countries but it is still easy to trace spread and quarantine.
Phase 3 (20 March – 21 April 2020) 183 Infections in community, many cluster begins to appeared in high-density areas. The source of the infection is untraceable.
Phase 4 (22 April 2020 – ongoing) 20 Even after the consistently decreasing rate of cases from community transmission, health officials remain cautious for importing a second wave through international travelers.

Praise

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Vietnam has been seen by the global media as having one of the best-organised epidemic control programs in the world,[37] along with Taiwan and South Korea.[38]

Despite not having the latest technology, the country's response to the outbreak has received praise for its quick response.[39][40][38][41]

References

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 "TRANG TIN VỀ DỊCH BỆNH VIÊM ĐƯỜNG HÔ HẤP CẤP COVID-19" (in Vietnamese). BỘ Y TẾ (Ministry of Health). Archived from the original on 2020-02-13. Retrieved 2020-05-14.
  2. ↑ Coleman, Justine (23 January 2020). "Vietnam reports first coronavirus cases". The Hill. Archived from the original on 18 February 2020. Retrieved 18 February 2020.
  3. ↑ "Vietnam COVID - Coronavirus Statistics". worldometer. April 13, 2024.
  4. ↑ Script error: No such module "Cite journal".
  5. ↑ Tyrrell, David A. J.; Myint, Steven H. (1996), Baron, Samuel (ed.), "Coronaviruses", Medical Microbiology (4th ed.), University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, ISBN 978-0-9631172-1-2, PMID 21413266, retrieved 5 February 2020
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 Script error: No such module "Cite journal".
  7. ↑ Script error: No such module "Cite journal".
  8. ↑ Script error: No such module "Cite journal".
  9. ↑ Script error: No such module "Cite journal".
  10. ↑ Script error: No such module "Cite journal".
  11. ↑ Josephine Ma (13 March 2020). "China's first confirmed Covid-19 case traced back to November 17". South China Morning Post. Retrieved 23 March 2020.
  12. ↑ Davidson, Helen (13 March 2020). "First Covid-19 case happened in November, China government records show—report". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 15 March 2020.
  13. ↑ Margolin, Josh; Meek, James Gordon (April 8, 2020). "Intelligence report warned of coronavirus crisis as early as November: Sources". ABC News. Retrieved December 6, 2020.
  14. ↑ Script error: No such module "Cite journal".
  15. ↑ "Previously unknown virus may be causing pneumonia outbreak in China, WHO says". CBC. 9 January 2020. Retrieved 29 December 2020.
  16. ↑ Elsevier. "Novel Coronavirus Information Center". Elsevier Connect. Archived from the original on 30 January 2020. Retrieved 15 March 2020.
  17. ↑ Reynolds, Matt (4 March 2020). "What is coronavirus and how close is it to becoming a pandemic?". Wired UK. ISSN 1357-0978. Archived from the original on 5 March 2020. Retrieved 5 March 2020.
  18. ↑ Kuo, Lily (January 21, 2020). "China confirms human-to-human transmission of coronavirus". The Guardian. Retrieved April 19, 2020.
  19. ↑ "WHO declares China virus outbreak an international emergency". Reuters. 31 January 2020.
  20. ↑ "Emerging COVID-19 success story: Vietnam's commitment to containment". Our World in Data. 5 March 2021.
  21. ↑ Gan, Nectar (29 May 2020). "How Vietnam managed to keep its coronavirus death toll at zero". CNN.
  22. ↑ Ramraj, Victor V., ed. (2020). Covid-19 in Asia: Law and Policy Contexts. Oxford University Press. p. 59. ISBN 9780197553831.
  23. ↑ "Vietnam (VNM) Exports, Imports, and Trade Partners". oec.world.
  24. ↑ "Vietnam – China import-export turnover reaches US$ 117 billion". Nhân Dân.
  25. ↑ Authors, Guest (5 March 2021). "Emerging COVID-19 success story: Vietnam's commitment to containment". Our World in Data.
  26. ↑ "Mortality Analyses". Johns Hopkins Coronavirus Resource Center.
  27. ↑ Phương, Lê (23 January 2020). "Hai người viêm phổi Vũ Hán cách ly tại Bệnh viện Chợ Rẫy" [Two people with Wuhan pneumonia were isolated at Cho Ray Hospital]. VnExpress (in Vietnamese). Archived from the original on 23 January 2020. Retrieved 23 January 2020.
  28. ↑ Phương, Lê (28 January 2020). "One of Vietnam's first confirmed coronavirus patients recovers". VnExpress. Archived from the original on 29 January 2020. Retrieved 29 January 2020.
  29. ↑ Phương, Lê (12 January 2020). "Bệnh nhân viêm phổi corona thứ hai ở TP HCM xuất viện" [Second recovered COVID-19 patient in HCMC]. VnExpress (in Vietnamese). Archived from the original on 12 February 2020. Retrieved 12 January 2020.
  30. ↑ "Chiều nay không ghi nhận thêm ca nhiễm nCoV". Vnexpress. Retrieved April 9, 2020.
  31. ↑ "Việt Nam liên tục không có ca COVID-19 mới, nhưng người dân không nên chủ quan". Tuổi Trẻ. 19 April 2020. Retrieved April 19, 2020.
  32. ↑ "'Bệnh nhân 188' tái dương tính sau khi xuất viện". Vnexpress. Retrieved April 19, 2020.
  33. ↑ "Bệnh nhân Covid-19 thứ 22 tái dương tính lại… âm tính sau khi về Anh". Thanh Niên. 17 April 2020. Retrieved April 19, 2020.
  34. ↑ "Vietnam cofirmed 270 cases". Dan Tri. Retrieved April 24, 2020.
  35. ↑ "Toàn cảnh 3 giai đoạn dịch Covid-19 tại Việt Nam" [3 COVID-19 pandemic phases in Vietnam] (in Vietnamese). Retrieved 8 April 2020 – via Thanh Nien.[permanent dead link]
  36. ↑ "Thủ tướng chỉ thị tiếp tục các biện pháp phòng, chống dịch COVID-19 trong tình hình mới". Vietnam Ministry of Health. Retrieved 25 April 2020.
  37. ↑ "Financial Times". 24 March 2020. Archived from the original on 24 March 2020. Retrieved 24 March 2020.
  38. ↑ 38.0 38.1 Humphrey, Chris; Pham, Bac (14 April 2020). "Vietnam's response to coronavirus crisis earns praise from WHO". 7News. Retrieved 17 April 2020.
  39. ↑ Le, Trien Vinh; Nguyen, Huy Quynh (17 April 2020). "How Vietnam Learned From China's Coronavirus Mistakes". The Diplomat. Retrieved 17 April 2020.
  40. ↑ "[Op-ed] Why Vietnam has been the world's number 1 country in dealing with coronavirus". 4 March 2020. Archived from the original on 16 June 2020. Retrieved 14 May 2020.
  41. ↑ Sullivan, Michael (16 April 2020). "In Vietnam, There Have Been Fewer Than 300 COVID-19 Cases And No Deaths. Here's Why". National Public Radio. Retrieved 17 April 2020.
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