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Cry of Dolores

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A statue of Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla in front of the church in Dolores Hidalgo, Guanajuato, Mexico.

The Grito de Dolores ("Cry of Dolores"), also called the Grito de Indepencia ("Cry of Independence"), was the call issued by Father Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla, a Catholic priest, on 16 September 1810 in the small town of Dolores, Mexico. He wanted independence from Spain, which had become disorganized by Napoleon's invasion of the Peninsula in the preceding two years.

Hidalgo and a number of other Criollos (Mexican-born Spaniards) planned to fight the Spanish colonial government but were betrayed.

Because he was afraid to get arrested,[1] Hidalgo made his brother Mauricio and a number of other men with guns go to the sheriff. On the night of September 15, they made him set free 80 prisoners for independence.[2]

At around 6:00 the next morning, Hidalgo ordered the church bells to be rung. He made his church come together. With Ignacio Allende and Juan Aldama by his side, he spoke to the people in front of his church. He encouraged them to fight Spanish Viceroy José de Iturrigaray. Researchers do not agree as to what exactly Hidalgo said at the time.[3]

The Battle of Guanajuato, the first important fight in the war, happened four days later. Mexico's independence from Spain would not be declared until September 27, 1821, after ten years of war, with the declaration of the first Mexican Empire.

The town was renamed to Dolores Hidalgo in his honor.

Remembrance

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Mexican president giving the grito of "Viva México!" at the start of Independence Day festivities at 11 p.m. on 15 September 2023 in Mexico City, Mexico

Every year on the night of September 15, the President of Mexico rings the bell of the National Palace, in Mexico City, at around 11 in the evening. After the ringing of the bell, he repeats a cry of patriotism (a Grito Mexicano), based upon the Grito de Dolores He calls out the names of the important heroes of the Mexican War of Independence and ends with the shouting three times of "Viva Mexico!" from the balcony of the palace. After the shouting, he rings the bell again and waves the flag of Mexico to the applause of the crowd in the Plaza de la Constitución. This is followed by the playing and mass singing of the Himno Nacional Mexicano, the national anthem. On the morning of September 16, or Independence Day, the national military parade starts in the Zócalo (another name for the Plaza de la Constitución). It goes past the Hidalgo Memorial and ends on the Paseo de la Reforma, the main boulevard of the city.

A similar celebration happens in cities and towns all over Mexico, and in Mexican embassies and consulates worldwide, on September 15th or 16. The mayor or governor and ambassadors or consuls take on the role of the president, and ring the bells, give a speech, and so on.

In the 19th century, Mexican presidents in their last year in office started to come to Dolores Hidalgo for the Grito de Dolores. President Felipe Calderón went to Dolores Hidalgo as part of the bicentennial celebrations in 2010 on the 16th of September.[4][5]

September 16 is Independence Day in Mexico and is considered a patriotic holiday, or fiesta patria (literally "holiday of the fatherland"). The day is celebrated with parades, patriotic programs, drum and bugle and marching band competitions, and other special events.

References

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  1. ↑ Kirkwood, Burton (2000). History of Mexico. Westport, CT, USA: Greenwood Publishing Group, Incorporated. ISBN 978-0-313-30351-7.
  2. ↑ Sosa, Francisco (1985) (in Spanish). Biografias de Mexicanos Distinguidos-Miguel Hidalgo. 472. Mexico City: Editorial Porrua SA. pp. 288-292. ISBN 968-452-050-6.
  3. ↑ Michael, et al. (1979): The Course of Mexican History, page 276, New York, New York USA Oxford University Press ISBN 978-0-19-502413-5 The book states "The exact words of this most famous of all Mexican speeches are not known, or, rather, they are reproduced in almost as many variations as there are historians to reproduce themMeyer.
  4. ↑ "Mexico Celebrates Its Bicentennial - Photo Gallery - LIFE". Archived from the original on 11 June 2011. Retrieved 8 April 2011.
  5. ↑ "Calderón revive grito original en magnos festejos por bicentenario de México" (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 19 September 2010. Retrieved 8 April 2011.
  • Fernández Tejedo, Isabel; and Carmen Nava Nava (2001). "Images of Independence in the Nineteenth Century: The Grito de Dolores, History and Myth title,¡Viva Mexico! ¡Viva la independencia!: Celebrations of September 16". Viva Mexico! Viva la Independencia!: Celebrations of September 16. Silhouettes: studies in history and culture series. Margarita González Aredondo and Elena Murray de Parodi (Spanish-English trans.). Wilmington, DE: Scholarly Resources. pp. 1–42. ISBN 0-8420-2914-1. OCLC 248568379.

Other websites

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