Deaths in 1945
Deaths
[change | change source]January
[change | change source]
- January 2 – Sir Bertram Ramsay, British admiral (b. 1883)
- January 3 – Edgar Cayce, American mystic (b. 1877)
- January 4 – Ricardo Jiménez Oreamuno, 3-time President of Costa Rica (b. 1859)
- January 6
- Josefa Llanes Escoda, Filipino women's suffrage advocate, founder of the Girl Scouts of the Philippines (b. 1898)
- Edith Frank, German-Dutch mother of Anne Frank (b. 1900)[1]
- Herbert Lumsden, British general (killed in action) (b. 1897)[2]
- Vladimir Vernadsky, Soviet mineralogist, geochemist (b. 1863)
- January 7
- Alexander Stirling Calder, American sculptor (b. 1870)
- Thomas McGuire, American World War II fighter ace (killed in action) (b. 1920)
- Prince Rainer of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (killed in action) (b. 1900)
- January 9 – Jüri Uluots, 8th Prime Minister of Estonia (b. 1890)
- January 10 – Pēteris Juraševskis, 8th Prime Minister of Latvia (b. 1872)
- January 12 – Teresio Olivelli, Italian Roman Catholic soldier and venerable (b. 1916)
- January 15 – Pedro Abad Santos, Filipino politician, brother of José Abad Santos (b. 1876)
- January 16 – José Fabella, Filipino physician (b. 1888)
- January 19
- Petar Bojović, Serbian field marshal (b. 1858)
- Gustave Mesny, French Army general (b. 1886)
- January 20 – Federico Pedrocchi, Italian artist, writer (killed on active service) (b. 1907)
- January 21 – Sir Archibald Murray, British Army general (b. 1860)
- January 22 – Else Lasker-Schüler, German poet, author (b. 1869)
- January 23
- Eugen Bolz, German politician, 20 July Plotter (executed) (b. 1881)
- Nikolaus Gross, German Roman Catholic layman, martyr and blessed (b. 1898)
- Newton E. Mason, United States Navy rear admiral (b. 1850)
- January 29 – Hans Conrad Leipelt, Austrian member of the White Rose resistance movement in Nazi Germany (executed) (b. 1921)
- January 30
- Sir William Goodenough, British admiral (b. 1867)
- Pedro Paulet, Peruvian scientist (b. 1874)
- January 31 – Eddie Slovik, American soldier (executed for desertion) (b. 1920)[3]
February
[change | change source]
- February (or March) – Anne Frank, German-born Jewish diarist, writer (typhus in Bergen-Belsen concentration camp) (b. 1929)[4]
- February 1
- Ivan Bagryanov, 30th Prime Minister of Bulgaria (executed) (b. 1891)
- Dobri Bozhilov, 29th Prime Minister of Bulgaria (executed) (b. 1884)
- Bogdan Filov, Bulgarian archaeologist, historian and politician, 28th Prime Minister of Bulgaria (executed) (b. 1883)
- Petar Gabrovski, acting Prime Minister of Bulgaria (executed) (b. 1898)
- Johan Huizinga, Dutch cultural historian (b. 1872)
- Prince Kiril of Bulgaria (executed) (b. 1895)
- February 2
- Adolf Brand, German campaigner for homosexuality (air raid victim) (b. 1874)
- Alfred Delp, German Jesuit priest and philosopher of the German Resistance, 20 July plotter (executed) (b. 1907)
- Carl Friedrich Goerdeler, German politician, civil servant, executive and economist, 20 July plotter (executed) (b. 1884)
- Gustav Heistermann von Ziehlberg, German general, 20 July plotter (executed) (b. 1898)
- Joe Hunt, American tennis champion (military aircraft crash) (b. 1919)
- February 3 – Roland Freisler, Nazi German judge (air raid victim) (b. 1893)
- February 5
- Denise Bloch, French World War II heroine (executed) (b. 1916)
- Lilian Rolfe, French World War II heroine (executed) (b. 1914)
- Violette Szabo, French/British World War II heroine (executed) (b. 1921)
- February 6 – Robert Brasillach, French writer (executed) (b. 1909)[5]
- February 8 – Robert Mallet-Stevens, French architect, designer (b. 1886)
- February 11 – Al Dubin, Swiss-born American songwriter (b. 1891)
- February 13 – Maria Orosa, Filipino technologist, chemist, humanitarian and WWII heroine (air raid victim) (b. 1893)
- February 18 – Ivan Chernyakhovsky, Soviet general (died of wounds) (b. 1906)
- February 19 – John Basilone, American war hero (killed in action) (b. 1916)
- February 21 – Eric Liddell, British Olympic athlete (in internment camp) (b. 1902)
- February 22 – Sara Josephine Baker, American physician (b. 1873)
- February 23
- José María Moncada, 19th President of Nicaragua (b. 1870)
- Aleksei Nikolaevich Tolstoy, Russian writer (b. 1883)[6]
- February 24 – Josef Mayr-Nusser, Italian Roman Catholic layman, martyr and blessed (b. 1910)
- February 25 – Mário de Andrade, Brazilian writer, photographer (b. 1893)
- February 26 – Millard Harmon, American general (b. 1888)[7]
March
[change | change source]
.jpg)
- March 2 – Emily Carr, Canadian painter (b. 1871)
- March 3
- Gheorghe Avramescu, Romanian general (in custody) (b. 1884)
- Aleksandra Samusenko, Soviet WWII tank commander (died of wounds) (b. 1922)
- March 4
- Harry Chauvel, Australian Army general (b. 1865)[8]
- Lucille La Verne, American actress (b. 1872)[9]
- Mark Sandrich, American film director (b. 1900)
- March 5 – George Alan Vasey, Australian general (killed in military aircraft accident) (b. 1895)
- March 12 – Friedrich Fromm, German Nazi official (executed) (b. 1888)
- March 14 – Francisco Braga, Brazilian composer (b. 1868)
- March 15 – Sava Caracaș, Romanian general (b. 1890)
- March 18 – William Grover-Williams, British/French racing driver, war hero (executed) (b. 1903)[10]
- March 19 – Marcel Callo, French Roman Catholic layman, martyr and blessed (in concentration camp) (b. 1921)
- March 20 – Lord Alfred Douglas, English poet (b. 1870)
- March 22
- Enrico Caviglia, Italian marshal (b. 1862)
- Heinrich Maier, Austrian Roman Catholic priest and blessed (b. 1908)
- Takeichi Nishi, Japanese equestrian gold medalist (1932), tank commander at Battle of Iwo Jima (killed in action) (b. 1902)
- March 23 – Élisabeth de Rothschild, French WWII heroine (b. 1902)
- March 26
- David Lloyd George, British politician and statesman, 51st Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (b. 1863)
- Tadamichi Kuribayashi, Imperial Japanese Army general, commander of the battle of Iwo Jima (probably killed in action) (b. 1891)
- Boris Shaposhnikov, Soviet military leader, Marshal of the Soviet Union (b. 1882)
- Ichimaru Toshinosuke, Japanese naval aviator, commander at Battle of Iwo Jima (killed in action) (b. 1891)
- March 27 – Halid Ziya Uşaklıgil, Turkish author (b. 1867)
- March 29 – Ferenc Csik, Hungarian swimmer (air raid victim) (b. 1913)
- March 30 – Maurice Rose, American general (killed in action) (b. 1899)[11]
- March 31
- Hans Fischer, German chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (suicide) (b. 1881)
- Torgny Segerstedt, Swedish newspaper editor, publicist (b. 1876)
- Maria Skobtsova, Soviet Orthodox nun and saint (killed by poison) (b. 1891)
- Natalia Tulasiewicz, Polish teacher and Roman Catholic blessed (murdered in concentration camp) (b. 1906)
April
[change | change source]
- April 7
- Seiichi Itō, Japanese admiral (lost in action) (b. 1890)
- Aruga Kōsaku, Japanese admiral (lost in action) (b. 1897)
- April 9
- Dietrich Bonhoeffer, German theologian (executed) (b. 1906)
- Wilhelm Canaris, German admiral, head of the Abwehr (executed) (b. 1887)
- Hans von Dohnanyi, Hungarian-born German lawyer, member of the German Resistance, 20 July Plotter (executed) (b. 1902)
- Georg Elser, German carpenter and attempted assassin of Adolf Hitler (executed) (b. 1903)[12]
- April 10
- Gloria Dickson, American actress (fire victim) (b. 1917)
- Hendrik Nicolaas Werkman, Dutch artist and printer (b. 1882)[13]
- April 11 – Frederick Lugard, 1st Baron Lugard, British colonial administrator (b. 1858)
- April 12 – Franklin D. Roosevelt, American political leader and statesman, 32nd President of the United States (b. 1882)
- April 13 – Ernst Cassirer, German philosopher (b. 1874)
- April 15 – Joachim Albrecht Eggeling, German SS general (suicide) (b. 1884)
- April 18
- Sir Ambrose Fleming, British electrical engineer and physicist (b. 1849)
- Ernie Pyle, American journalist (killed in action) (b. 1900)
- William, Prince of Albania (b. 1876)
- April 21 – Walter Model, German field marshal (suicide) (b. 1891)
- April 22 – Käthe Kollwitz, German artist (b. 1867)
- April 23 – Klaus Bonhoeffer, German resistance fighter, 20 July Plotter (executed) (b. 1901)
- April 24 – Ernst-Robert Grawitz, German SS Reichsphysician (suicide) (b. 1899)
- April 28
- Executed:
- Hermann Fegelein, German SS general (b. 1906)
- Benito Mussolini, Italian politician, journalist, 27th Prime Minister of Italy and Duce of Fascism (b. 1883)
- Clara Petacci, mistress of Benito Mussolini (b. 1912)
- Nicola Bombacci, Italian Fascist politician (b. 1879)
- Roberto Farinacci, Italian Fascist politician (b. 1892)
- Alessandro Pavolini, Italian Fascist politician (b. 1903)
- Executed:
- April 29 – Achille Starace, Italian Fascist politician (executed) (b. 1889)
- April 30
- Luisa Ferida, Italian actress (executed) (b. 1914)
- Adolf Hitler, Austrian-born German politician, Führer of Germany (suicide) (b. 1889)
- Eva Braun, wife of Adolf Hitler (suicide) (b. 1912)
May
[change | change source]
.jpg)
- May 1
- Joseph Goebbels, Chancellor of Germany for 1 day and Reich Minister of Propaganda (suicide) (b. 1897)
- Magda Goebbels, wife of Joseph Goebbels (suicide) (b. 1901)
- May 2
- Martin Bormann, Nazi Party leader and private secretary to Adolf Hitler (presumed suicide) (b. 1900)
- Wilhelm Burgdorf, German general (suicide) (b. 1895)
- Hans Krebs, German general (suicide) (b. 1898)
- Prince Waldemar of Prussia (haemophilia) (b. 1889)
- May 3 – Mario Blasich, Italian physician, politician (b. 1878)
- May 4 – Fedor von Bock, German field marshal (killed in action) (b. 1880)[14]
- May 6 – Xhem Hasa, Albanian nationalist (assassinated) (b. 1908)
- May 7 – Vladimir Boyarsky, Soviet army officer (executed) (b. 1901)
- May 8
- Francis Bruguière, American photographer (b. 1875)
- Julius Hirsch, German footballer (killed in Auschwitz concentration camp) (b. 1892)[15]
- Wilhelm Rediess, SS and Police Leader of Nazi-occupied Norway (suicide) (b. 1900)
- Bernhard Rust, education minister of Nazi Germany (presumed suicide) (b. 1883)
- Josef Terboven, Reichskommissar of Nazi-occupied Norway (suicide) (b. 1898)
- May 9 – Gustav Becking, German musicologist (b. 1894)
- May 10 – Konrad Henlein, Sudeten German Nazi leader (suicide) (b. 1898)
- May 11
- Kiyoshi Ogawa, Japanese kamikaze pilot (b. 1922)
- Seizō Yasunori, Japanese kamikaze pilot (b. 1924)[16]
- May 14
- Joseph Barthélemy, French jurist, politician and journalist (b. 1874)
- Heber J. Grant, 7th President of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (b. 1856)
- May 15
- Kenneth J. Alford, British soldier and composer (b. 1881)[17]
- Charles Williams, British author (b. 1886)
- May 16 – Kaju Sugiura, Japanese admiral (killed in action) (b. 1896)
- May 18 – William Joseph Simmons, American founder of the second Ku Klux Klan (b. 1880)
- May 19 – Philipp Bouhler, German Nazi leader and general (suicide) (b. 1899)
- May 21 – Prince Kan'in Kotohito, Japanese prince, member of the Imperial Japanese Army General Staff Office (b. 1865)
- May 23 – Heinrich Himmler, German politician, Reichsführer-SS (suicide) (b. 1900)
- May 24 – Robert Ritter von Greim, German field marshal (suicide) (b. 1892)
- May 25
- Rafael Estrella Ureña, Dominican lawyer and politician, acting president of the Dominican Republic (b. 1889)
- Ishii Kikujirō, Japanese diplomat and politician (killed in bombing raid) (b. 1866)[18]
- May 31
- Odilo Globocnik, Austrian Nazi leader (suicide) (b. 1904)
- Curt von Gottberg, German SS general (suicide) (b. 1896)
June
[change | change source]
- June 4 – Georg Kaiser, German dramatist (b. 1878)
- June 7 – Kitaro Nishida, Japanese philosopher (b. 1870)
- June 8
- Robert Desnos, French poet, resistance fighter (typhoid) (b. 1900)
- Karl Hanke, German Nazi general and last Reichsführer-SS (killed) (b. 1903)
- June 11 – Lurana W. Sheldon, American author and editor (b. 1862)
- June 13 – Minoru Ōta, Japanese admiral (suicide) (b. 1891)
- June 15
- Carl Gustaf Ekman, Prime Minister of Sweden (b. 1872)
- Amélie Rives Troubetzkoy, American author (b. 1863)
- Aris Velouchiotis, Greek World War II resistance leader (suicide) (b. 1905)
- June 16
- Nikolai Berzarin, Soviet Red Army general (b. 1904)
- Nils Edén, 15th Prime Minister of Sweden (b. 1871)
- June 18
- Florence Bascom, American geologist and educator (b. 1862)
- Simon Bolivar Buckner Jr., American general (killed in action on Okinawa) (b. 1886)
- Friedrich, Prince of Wied, German prince (b. 1872)
- June 20
- Robert Crewe-Milnes, 1st Marquess of Crewe, British politician (b. 1858)
- Luís Fernando de Orleans y Borbón, Spanish prince (b. 1888)
- June 22
- Isamu Chō, Japanese general (ritual suicide) (b. 1895)
- Mitsuru Ushijima, Japanese general (ritual suicide) (b. 1887)
- June 24 – José Gutiérrez Solana, Spanish painter (b. 1886)
- June 27 – Emil Hácha, 3rd President of Czechoslovakia, State President of Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia (b. 1872)
- June 30
- Germogen (Maximov), Russian Orthodox Metropolitan (b. 1861)
- Gabriel El-Registan, Soviet poet (b. 1899)
July
[change | change source]
- July 1 – Félix Evaristo Mejía, Dominican diplomat, educator and writer (b. 1866)
- July 2 – Óscar R. Benavides, Peruvian field marshal, diplomat, politician and President of Peru (b. 1876)
- July 5 – John Curtin, 14th Prime Minister of Australia (b. 1885)
- July 7 – Peter To Rot, Papuan Roman Catholic layman, martyr and blessed (b. 1912)
- July 9 – Luigi Aldrovandi Marescotti, Italian politician, diplomat (b. 1876)
- July 12
- Boris Galerkin, Russian mathematician (b. 1871)[19]
- Wolfram von Richthofen, German field marshal (brain tumor) (b. 1895)
- July 13 – Alla Nazimova, Russian-born American actress (b. 1879)
- July 17 – Ernst Busch, German field marshal, as prisoner of war (b. 1885)
- July 20 – Paul Valéry, French poet (b. 1871)
- July 24 – Arnold von Winckler, German general (b. 1856)
- July 25 – Malin Craig, United States Army general (b. 1875)
- July 28 – Margot Asquith, Countess of Oxford and Asquith (b. 1864)
- July 29 – Maria Pierina De Micheli, Italian Roman Catholic religious sister, mystic and blessed (b. 1890)
- July 31 – Artemio Ricarte, Filipino general (b. 1866)
August
[change | change source]
- August 1 – Blas Cabrera Felipe, Spanish physicist (b. 1878)
- August 2 – Pietro Mascagni, Italian composer (b. 1863)
- August 3 – Roman Kochanowski, Polish painter, illustrator (b. 1857)
- August 4 – Gerhard Gentzen, German mathematician and logician (starvation in prison camp) (b. 1909)
- August 5 – Nat Jaffe, American swing jazz pianist (b. 1918)
- August 7 – Jacques Vaillant de Guélis, British/French WWII hero (injuries received in automobile accident) (b. 1907)
- August 8 – Joseph Pujol, Le Pétomane, French flatulist (b. 1857)
- August 9
- Harry Hillman, American track athlete (b. 1881)[20]
- Jun Tosaka, Japanese philosopher (in prison) (b. 1900)
- August 10 – Robert H. Goddard, American rocket scientist (b. 1882)
- August 12 – Karl Leisner, German Roman Catholic priest and blessed (b. 1915)
- August 15
- Korechika Anami, Japanese general (ritual suicide) (b. 1887)
- Matome Ugaki, Japanese admiral (killed in action) (b. 1890)
- August 16 – Takijirō Ōnishi, Japanese admiral (ritual suicide) (b. 1891)
- August 18
- Subhas Chandra Bose, Leader of Indian National Army (Third-degree burns from aircrash) (b. 1897)[21]
- Sarala Devi Chaudhurani, Indian educationist (b. 1872)
- August 24 – Shizuichi Tanaka, Japanese general (suicide) (b. 1887)
- August 25 – Willis Augustus Lee, American admiral, Olympic shooter (b. 1888)
- August 26
- Pio Collivadino, Argentinian painter (b. 1869)
- Franz Werfel, Austrian writer (b. 1890)
- August 27 – Blessed María Pilar Izquierdo Albero, Spanish Roman Catholic religious professed (b. 1906)
- August 29 – Fritz Pfleumer, German engineer, inventor (b. 1881)
- August 30 – Florencio Harmodio Arosemena, 6th President of Panama (b. 1872)
- August 31
- Stefan Banach, Polish mathematician (b. 1892)
- Pope Macarius III of Alexandria, Egyptian patriarch, saint (b. 1872)
September
[change | change source]
- September 6
- Witold Leon Czartoryski, Polish nobleman (b. 1864)
- John S. McCain Sr., American admiral (b. 1884)
- September 9 – Aage Bertelsen, Danish painter (b. 1873)
- September 12 – Hajime Sugiyama, Japanese general (suicide) (b. 1880)
- September 15
- Richard Friedrich Johannes Pfeiffer, German physician and bacteriologist (b. 1858)[22]
- André Tardieu, 3-time prime minister of France (b. 1876)
- Anton Webern, Austrian composer (b. 1883)
- Zhang Mingqi, Qing dynasty politician (b. 1875)
- September 16 – John McCormack, Irish tenor (b. 1884)
- September 18
- José Agripino Barnet, Cuban politician and diplomat, acting president of Cuba (b. 1864)
- Blind Willie Johnson, American gospel blues singer (b. 1897)
- September 20
- Augusto Tasso Fragoso, Brazilian soldier, statesman and interim president of Brazil (b. 1869)
- Eduard Wirths, German doctor, chief SS doctor at Auschwitz concentration camp (suicide) (b. 1909)
- September 24 – Hans Geiger, German physicist, inventor (b. 1882)
- September 26
- Béla Bartók, Hungarian composer (b. 1881)[23]
- Leonhard Kaupisch, German general (b. 1878)[24]
- Kiyoshi Miki, Japanese philosopher (b. 1897)
October
[change | change source]
- October 1 – Walter Bradford Cannon, American physiologist (b. 1871)[25]
- October 6 – Leonardo Conti, German physician, Nazi officer (suicide) (b. 1900)
- October 8 – Felix Salten, Austrian author (b. 1869)[26]
- October 10 – Joseph Darnand, Vichy French politician (executed) (b. 1897)
- October 12 – Dmytro Antonovych, Soviet politician (b. 1877)
- October 13 – Milton S. Hershey, American chocolate tycoon (b. 1857)
- October 15 – Pierre Laval, French politician, 2-time Prime Minister of France (executed) (b. 1883)[27]
- October 18 – Frederick Hovey, American tennis player (b. 1868)
- October 19
- Plutarco Elías Calles, Mexican general, politician and 40th President of Mexico (b. 1877)
- N. C. Wyeth, American illustrator (b. 1882)
- October 21
- Henry Armetta, Italian actor (b. 1888)
- Felicija Bortkevičienė, Lithuanian politician and publisher (b. 1873)[28]
- October 24
- Franklin Carmichael, Canadian landscape painter and graphic designer (b. 1890)[29]
- Vidkun Quisling, Norwegian Nazi collaborator (executed) (b. 1887)
- October 25 – Robert Ley, German Nazi politician (suicide) (b. 1890)
- October 26
- Adolf von Brudermann, Austro-Hungarian general (b. 1854)
- Paul Pelliot, French explorer (b. 1878)
- October 30 – Xian Xinghai, Chinese composer (b. 1905)
- October 31
- Henry Ainley, British actor (b. 1879)
- Ignacio Zuloaga, Basque Spanish painter (b. 1870)
November
[change | change source]
- November 8 – August von Mackensen, German field marshal (b. 1849)
- November 11 – Jerome Kern, American composer (b. 1885)[30]
- November 13 – Sir Edwyn Alexander-Sinclair, British admiral (b. 1865)[31]
- November 16 – Sigurður Eggerz, Minister for Iceland during World War I and 2nd Prime Minister of Iceland (b. 1875)
- November 17 – Frederick Francis IV, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (b. 1882)
- November 20 – Francis William Aston, British chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1877)
- November 21
- Robert Benchley, American humorist, theater critic and actor (b. 1889)[32]
- Ellen Glasgow, American novelist (b. 1873)[33]
- Alexander Patch, United States Army lieutenant general, World War II army commander (b. 1889)
- Jimmy Quinn, Scottish footballer (b. 1878)[34]
- November 23 – Charles Coborn, British singer (b. 1852)
- November 27 – Josep Maria Sert, Spanish Catalan muralist (b. 1874)
- November 28 – Dwight F. Davis, American tennis player (b. 1879)
- November 30 – Shigeru Honjō, Japanese general (suicide) (b. 1876)
December
[change | change source]
- December 1 – Anton Dostler, German general (executed) (b. 1891)
- December 4
- Thomas Hunt Morgan, American biologist, geneticist, embryologist and Nobel Prize in Physiology recipient (b. 1866)
- Richárd Weisz, Hungarian Olympic champion wrestler (b. 1879)[35]
- December 5 – Cosmo Gordon Lang, Archbishop of Canterbury (b. 1864)
- December 8 – Gabriellino D'Annunzio, Italian actor, director and screenwriter (b. 1886)
- December 12 – Prince Frederick of Schaumburg-Lippe (b. 1868)
- December 13
- Johanna Bormann, German Nazi concentration camp guard (executed) (b. 1893)
- Henri Dentz, French general (b. 1881)
- Irma Grese, German camp guard at Bergen-Belsen concentration camp (executed) (b. 1923)
- Josef Kramer, German commandant of Bergen-Belsen concentration camp (executed) (b. 1906)
- Elisabeth Volkenrath, German supervisor at Nazi concentration camps (executed) (b. 1919)
- December 14 – Forrester Harvey, Irish actor (b. 1884)
- December 16
- Giovanni Agnelli, Italian entrepreneur, founder of Fiat (b. 1866)
- Fumimaro Konoe, Japanese general, politician, and 23rd Prime Minister of Japan (suicide) (b. 1891)
- December 19 – Leonard F. Wing, American general and politician (b. 1893)[36]
- December 21 – George S. Patton, American general (injuries from automobile accident) (b. 1885)[37]
- December 22 – Otto Neurath, Austrian philosopher, political economist (b. 1892)
- December 26
- Duy Tân, Emperor of Vietnam (b. 1900)
- Roger Keyes, 1st Baron Keyes, British admiral (b. 1872)
- December 28 – Theodore Dreiser, American novelist (b. 1871)[38]
- ↑ "Edith Frank". 2010-07-06. Archived from the original on 2010-07-06. Retrieved 2017-10-18.
- ↑ Lumsden, Herbert
- ↑ Kimmelman, Benedict B. (September–October 1987). "The Example Of Private Slovik". American Heritage Magazine. 38 (6). Retrieved October 5, 2012.
- ↑ "One day they simply weren't there any more..." (PDF). anne frank house. March 2015. Retrieved April 11, 2015.
- ↑ Kaplan, Alice (2000). The Collaborator: The Trial and Execution of Robert Brasillach. University of Chicago Press. p. 210. ISBN 978-0-226-42414-9.
- ↑ "Aleksey Nikolayevich, Count Tolstoy | Soviet writer | Britannica". www.britannica.com. January 6, 2024.
- ↑ "LIEUTENANT GENERAL MILLARD F. HARMON". Air Force.[dead link]
- ↑ Hill, Alec (1979). "'Chauvel, Sir Henry George (Harry) (1865–1945)'". Australian Dictionary of Biography. Melbourne University Press. ISSN 1833-7538. Retrieved 11 January 2010 – via National Centre of Biography, Australian National University.
- ↑ "Preview unavailable". ProQuest. ProQuest 107039613.
- ↑ "Casualty Details | CWGC". www.cwgc.org. Retrieved 2021-03-08.
- ↑ MG Maurice Rose
- ↑ "Georg Elser". www.gdw-berlin.de. Retrieved 4 January 2025.
- ↑ "Ontdek amateurschilder, drukker, fotograaf Hendrik Nicolaas Werkman". rkd.nl.
- ↑ Evans, Richard J. (2008). The Third Reich at War: 1939–1945. London: Allen Lane. p. 750. ISBN 978-0-7139-9742-2.
- ↑ Wallace, Sam (January 25, 2020). "The imperishable story of Julius Hirsch: the great goalscorer murdered at Auschwitz who adorns Stamford Bridge mural". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on January 12, 2022.
- ↑ Maxwell Taylor Kennedy (3 November 2009). Danger's Hour: The Story of the USS Bunker Hill and the Kamikaze Pilot Who Crippled Her. Simon and Schuster. p. 257. ISBN 978-0-7432-6081-7.
- ↑ "AAFA Bio - Kenneth J. Alford".
- ↑ "Ishii Kikujiro | Biography & Facts | Britannica". www.britannica.com. March 15, 2024.
- ↑ "Boris Galerkin". TheFreeDictionary.com.
- ↑ Harry Hillman Taken by Death, Cumberland News, August 10, 1945
- ↑ Firoz Alam (1 October 2009). Subhas Chandra Bose. Sahni Publications. p. 121. ISBN 978-81-7564-242-3.
- ↑ Fildes, P. (February 13, 1956). "Richard Friedrich Johannes Pfeiffer, 1858-1945". Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society. 2: 237–247. doi:10.1098/rsbm.1956.0016. S2CID 73380545.
- ↑ Stevens, Halsey. 2018. "Béla Bartók: Hungarian Composer". Encyclopædia Britannica online (accessed 27 September 2018).
- ↑ "Kaupisch, Leonhard" (in German). lexikon-der-wehrmacht.de. Retrieved 7 September 2025.
- ↑ "Dr. W.B. Cannon, 73, Neurologist, Dead. Harvard Psychology Professor for 36 Years Noted for His Work on Traumatic Shock Became Professor in 1906". New York Times. October 2, 1945. Retrieved October 5, 2010.
- ↑ "Felix Salten | Austrian novelist | Britannica". www.britannica.com. September 2, 2023.
- ↑ Cite error: The named reference
Jessupwas used but no text was provided for refs named (see the help page). - ↑ "Felicija Bortkevičienė". www.vle.lt.
- ↑ Franklin Carmichael
- ↑ Hugh Fordin, Stephen Sondheim (1995). Getting to Know Him: A Biography of Oscar Hammerstein II. Da Capo Press. p. 237. ISBN 0-306-80668-1.[permanent dead link]
- ↑ [Sinclair, Sir Edwyn Sinclair Alexander-, of Freswick (1865–1945)]
- ↑ Billy Altman, Laughter's Gentle Soul: The Life of Robert Benchley. (New York City: W. W. Norton, 1997. ISBN 0-393-03833-5) Pages 352-362
- ↑ Inge, Tonette Bond. Encyclopedia of Southern Culture, ed. Charles Reagan Wilson and William R. Ferris. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1989. Page 884.
- ↑ FC, Celtic. "Jimmy Quinn". Celtic FC.
- ↑ Siegman, Joseph (2020). Jewish Sports Legends: The International Jewish Sports Hall of Fame. U of Nebraska Press. ISBN 9781496222121.
- ↑ Wing, Leonard Fish
- ↑ Axelrod, Alan (2006), Patton: A Biography, London: Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 168–9, ISBN 978-1-4039-7139-5
- ↑ Theodore Dreiser Recalled. Clemson University Press. 2017. p. 311. ISBN 9781942954446.