Digraph (orthography)

A digraph, bigraph, or digram (from the Greek: δίς, dís, "double" and γράφω, gráphō, "write") is a string of two letters where the number of written characters does not match the number of sounds that are spoken. In other words, two graphemes (units of writing, or letters) are used to represent one phoneme (distinct sound). For example, since there are no single letters in English alphabet to represent the sounds /ʃ/, /tʃ/, and /θ/, English uses a string of two letters to represent the sounds in the same order sh, ch, and th. While other sounds such as /f/ and /w/ already have letters that correspond to the sounds, f and w, digraphs ph and wh are used in some words to show their etymologies (origins of words) rather than their current pronunciation.

This is different from a trigraph since digraphs are made up of only two letters, while trigraphs are made up of only three.

List of English digraphs

Ch corresponds to /tʃ/ in English
Sh corresponds to /ʃ/ in English
Th corresponds to /θ/ and /ð/ in English.
Ph corresponds to /f/ in English.
Wh corresponds to /w/ in English.

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