English: Animated rotation of the earth's moon. The lit side of the full moon is shown, as an observer looking from the sun's direction would see it. On earth, only one side is visible, but the moon rotates relatively to the sun during one month. In order to render the animation of a full rotation, images from spacecraft beyond the moon had to be used. At the terminator near the right edge, craters can be seen most clearly.
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The frames of the animation were created with POV-Ray, a free 3D rendering program. Two components are required:
A surface color map, free image from NASA's 1994 Clementine mission.
An elevation map (from USGS, public domain) with grey values encoding surface altitudes. The elevation map can be used as a simple bump map for fast rendering, or (as in this case) to reconstruct a full 3D model with realistic shadows.
// Moon_rotating_full_220px.pov#version3.7;#include"colors.inc"global_settings{assumed_gamma1}camera{location<0,0,-220>look_at<0,0,0>up0.00526right0.00526}light_source{<0.3,0,-1>*200colorWhite}// use true 3D surface#include"functions.inc"#declareele=function{pigment{image_map{jpeg"moon_elevation.jpg"map_type1interpolate2}}}#declarers=0.006;// ratio of roughness to radiusisosurface{function{f_sphere(x,y,z,1)+rs*(1-ele(x,y,z).gray)}contained_by{sphere{0,1.01}}accuracy0.00001max_gradient1.2texture{pigment{image_map{jpeg"moon_surface.jpg"map_type1}}finish{ambientrgb0.006*<1,1,1>// space is darkdiffuse1.4// brightnessbrilliance1.0// seems most realistic}}scale<1,1,-1>rotate<0,-90+360*clock,0>translate<0,0,0>}
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