Hepatitis D

Hepatitis D is a type of viral hepatitis^[1] caused by the hepatitis delta virus (HDV), a small particle that is like viroid and virusoid (plant viruses)^[2]^[3] that affects the liver, mainly the liver.

HDV is one of five known hepatitis viruses: A, B, C, D, and E. HDV is considered to be a satellite because it can appear if the hepatitis B virus (HBV) is present.^[4] It is said to be "defective" because it needs the hepatitis B virus to produce symptoms, otherwise it is harmless. The World Health Organisation (WHO) recently classified HDV as a class 1 carcinogen.^[5] It can cause liver cancer and liver cirrhosis.

References

↑ "Hepatitis (Viral) NIDDK". The National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. Retrieved 2020-06-19.
↑ Farci P (2003). "Delta hepatitis: an update". Journal of Hepatology. 39 (Suppl 1): S212–9. doi:10.1016/s0168-8278(03)00331-3. PMID 14708706.
↑ Magnius L, Taylor J, Mason WS, Sureau C, Dény P, Norder H (December 2018). "ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Deltavirus". The Journal of General Virology. 99 (12): 1565–1566. doi:10.1099/jgv.0.001150. PMID 30311870.
↑ Makino S, Chang MF, Shieh CK, Kamahora T, Vannier DM, Govindarajan S, Lai MM (1987). "Molecular cloning and sequencing of a human hepatitis delta (delta) virus RNA". Nature. 329 (6137): 343–6. Bibcode:1987Natur.329..343M. doi:10.1038/329343a0. PMID 3627276. S2CID 4368061.
↑ "Hepatitis D". www.who.int. Retrieved 2025-12-12.

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[1] "Hepatitis (Viral) NIDDK". The National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. Retrieved 2020-06-19.

[pmid14708706-2] Farci P (2003). "Delta hepatitis: an update". Journal of Hepatology. 39 (Suppl 1): S212–9. doi:10.1016/s0168-8278(03)00331-3. PMID 14708706.

[3] Magnius L, Taylor J, Mason WS, Sureau C, Dény P, Norder H (December 2018). "ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Deltavirus". The Journal of General Virology. 99 (12): 1565–1566. doi:10.1099/jgv.0.001150. PMID 30311870.

[4] Makino S, Chang MF, Shieh CK, Kamahora T, Vannier DM, Govindarajan S, Lai MM (1987). "Molecular cloning and sequencing of a human hepatitis delta (delta) virus RNA". Nature. 329 (6137): 343–6. Bibcode:1987Natur.329..343M. doi:10.1038/329343a0. PMID 3627276. S2CID 4368061.

[5] "Hepatitis D". www.who.int. Retrieved 2025-12-12.

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