Hotaki dynasty
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Hotak Empire | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1709–1738 | |||||||||||
 | |||||||||||
 Hotak Empire at its peak (1722–1729) | |||||||||||
| Capital | Kandahar Isfahan | ||||||||||
| Common languages | Pashto and Persian (poetry)[a][1] | ||||||||||
| Religion | Sunni Islam | ||||||||||
| Government | Absolute monarchy | ||||||||||
| Emir | |||||||||||
• 1709–1715 | Mirwais Hotak | ||||||||||
• 1715–1717 | Abdul Aziz Hotak | ||||||||||
• 1717–1725 | Mahmud Hotak | ||||||||||
• 1725–1730 | Ashraf Hotak | ||||||||||
• 1725–1738 | Hussain Hotak | ||||||||||
| Historical era | Early modern period | ||||||||||
• Revolt by Mirwais Hotak | 21 April 1709 | ||||||||||
| 24 March 1738 | |||||||||||
| |||||||||||
The Hotaki dynasty was founded in 1709 by Mirwais Hotak at Kandahar, Afghanistan. It was made up of Pashtuns (ethnic Afghans) who belonged to the Hotak tribe of Pashtuns.[2] They revolted and made their land independent from foreign ruler, but later they invaded Persia and defeated the great Persian Empire of the Shi'a Safavids.[3]
Mahmud Hotaki, son of Mirwais, ruled Persia until he died in 1725 and then his cousin Ashraf ruled until 1729 when Nader Shah Afshar defeated him.[4]
The last king was Hussain Hotaki in Kandahar until he was defeated by Nader Shah in 1738.[5]
References[change | change source]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Bausani 1971, p. 63.
- ↑ "AN OUTLINE OF THE HISTORY OF PERSIA DURING THE LAST TWO CENTURIES (A.D. 1722–1922)". Edward Granville Browne. London: Packard Humanities Institute. p. 29. Retrieved 2012-07-01.
- ↑ "Account of British Trade across the Caspian Sea". Jonas Hanway. Centre for Military and Strategic Studies. Retrieved 2012-07-01.
- ↑ Malleson, George Bruce (1999). History of Afghanistan, from the Earliest Period to the Outbreak of the War of 1878. London: Elibron.com. p. 227. ISBN 1402172788. Retrieved 2012-07-01.
- ↑ "AN OUTLINE OF THE HISTORY OF PERSIA DURING THE LAST TWO CENTURIES (A.D. 1722-1922)". Edward Granville Browne. London: Packard Humanities Institute. p. 33. Retrieved 2012-07-01.
Notes
