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Nongthang Leima |
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"Nongthang Leima", the Ancient Meitei name of the goddess, written in archaic Meetei Mayek abugida |
In Meitei folklore, mythology and religion, Nongthang Leima, the primordial goddess of thunder and lightning, dance and music, charming and seduction,[1][2][3][4] is said to have multiple divine incarnations in the forms of many feminine beings.[1] The "Laion Laichat", an ancient Meitei scripture, mentions the 31 divine forms of the goddess, among which Panthoibi and Chang-Ning Leima, are significant.[1][5]
Names
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Alternate spellings
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Latin transliteration
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English translation (or description)
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ꯄꯥꯟꯊꯣꯢꯄꯤ
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ꯄꯥꯟꯊꯣꯏꯕꯤ, ꯄꯥꯟꯊꯣꯢꯕꯤ, ꯄꯥꯟꯊꯣꯏꯄꯤ
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Panthoibi
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Goddess of war, love and fertility[6][7][8]
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ꯇꯥꯟꯊꯣꯡ ꯂꯩꯃ
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ꯇꯥꯟꯊꯣꯪ ꯂꯩꯃ
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Tanthong Leima
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ꯂꯦꯝꯊꯣꯡ ꯂꯩꯃ
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ꯂꯦꯝꯊꯣꯪ ꯂꯩꯃ
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Lemthong Leima
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ꯂꯝꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯩꯃ
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ꯂꯝꯇꯦꯪ ꯂꯩꯃ
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Lamteng Leima
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ꯍꯩꯅꯧꯄꯣꯛ ꯂꯩꯃ
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Heinoupok Leima
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Goddess of mango tree
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ꯆꯪꯅꯤꯡ ꯂꯩꯃ
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ꯆꯡꯅꯤꯡ ꯂꯩꯃ, ꯆꯪꯅꯤꯪ ꯂꯩꯃ, ꯆꯡꯅꯤꯪ ꯂꯩꯃ
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Chang-ning Leima
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ꯅꯨꯡꯀꯣꯢꯄꯤ
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ꯅꯨꯡꯀꯣꯏꯄꯤ, ꯅꯨꯡꯒꯣꯢꯕꯤ, ꯅꯨꯡꯒꯣꯏꯕꯤ
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Noong-koipi (Nungoibi)
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War goddess
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ꯀꯣꯂꯣꯢ ꯂꯩꯃ
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ꯀꯣꯂꯣꯏ ꯂꯩꯃ
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Koloi Leima
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Goddess of naming
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ꯊꯨꯝ ꯂꯩꯃ
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ꯊꯨꯝꯔꯩꯃ
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Thumleima
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Goddess of salt and salt brines[9][10][11]
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ꯉꯥꯂꯩꯃ
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ꯉꯥꯔꯩꯃ
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Ngaleima
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Goddess of fish[12][13][14]
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ꯊꯥꯂꯩꯃ
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ꯊꯥꯔꯩꯃ
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Thaleima
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Goddess of moon
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ꯐꯧꯑꯣꯢꯄꯤ
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ꯐꯧꯑꯣꯏꯄꯤ, ꯐꯧꯑꯣꯏꯕꯤ, ꯐꯧꯑꯣꯢꯕꯤ, ꯐꯧꯂꯩꯃ, ꯐꯧꯔꯩꯃ
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Phouoipi
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Goddess of agriculture, crops and food[15][16][17][18]
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ꯌꯣꯠ ꯂꯩꯃ
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ꯌꯣꯠꯔꯩꯃ
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Yot-Leima
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Goddess of iron
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ꯋꯥꯇꯂꯩ ꯁꯤꯜꯍꯩꯄꯤ
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ꯋꯥꯇꯔꯩ ꯁꯤꯟꯍꯩꯕꯤ
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Waatalei Silheipi
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Goddess of artisans and occupation
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ꯀꯣꯟ ꯂꯩꯃ
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ꯀꯣꯜꯂꯩꯃ
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Kon-Leima
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Goddess of utensils
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ꯈꯥꯢꯄ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧ ꯆꯅꯨ
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ꯈꯥꯏꯄ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧ ꯆꯅꯨ
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Khaipa Ningthou Chanu
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ꯃꯣꯢꯅꯨ ꯆꯅꯨ
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ꯃꯣꯏꯅꯨ ꯆꯅꯨ
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Moinu Chanu (Imoinu)
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Caretaker goddess of mankind, wealth and prosperity[19][20]
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ꯄꯤꯊꯦꯠ ꯂꯩꯃ
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Pithet Leima
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ꯂꯥꯢꯋꯥ ꯂꯩꯃ ꯂꯥꯢꯁꯟ ꯊꯥꯟꯄꯤ
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ꯂꯥꯏꯋꯥ ꯂꯩꯃ ꯂꯥꯏꯁꯟ ꯊꯥꯟꯕꯤ
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Laiwa Leima Laisan Thaanpi
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ꯈꯥꯄꯤ ꯂꯨꯀꯣꯢ ꯆꯅꯨ
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ꯈꯥꯕꯤ ꯂꯨꯀꯣꯏ ꯆꯅꯨ
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Khapi Lukoi Chanu
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ꯂꯤꯛꯂꯥꯄꯤꯆꯥ
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ꯂꯤꯛꯂꯥꯕꯤꯆꯥ
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Liklapicha
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ꯌꯥꯢꯄꯤ ꯂꯩꯃ
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ꯌꯥꯏꯕꯤ ꯂꯩꯃ, ꯌꯥꯢꯕꯤ ꯂꯩꯃ, ꯌꯥꯏꯄꯤ ꯂꯩꯃ
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Yaipi Leima
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Goddess of souls
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ꯊꯣꯡꯉꯥꯛ ꯂꯩꯃ
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ꯊꯣꯪꯉꯥꯛ ꯂꯩꯃ
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Thongak Leima
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Gatekeeper goddess of the door of the death
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ꯁꯤꯇꯥꯅꯨꯄꯤ
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Sitanupi
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ꯆꯂꯥꯡ ꯂꯩꯃ
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ꯆꯔꯥꯡ ꯂꯩꯃ
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Chalang Leima (Charang Leima)
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ꯄꯤꯊꯥꯢꯄꯤ
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ꯄꯤꯊꯥꯏꯕꯤ, ꯄꯤꯊꯥꯢꯕꯤ, ꯄꯤꯊꯥꯏꯄꯤ
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Pithaipi
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Giver Goddess
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ꯈꯥꯡꯇꯂꯥꯢꯄꯤ
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ꯈꯣꯡꯇꯂꯥꯏꯄꯤ, ꯈꯣꯡꯗ꯭ꯔꯥꯢꯕꯤ, ꯈꯣꯡꯗ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯕꯤ
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Khongtalaipi
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ꯁꯂꯤꯛ ꯂꯩꯃ
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ꯁꯔꯤꯛ ꯂꯩꯃ
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Salik Leima (Sarik Leima)
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ꯈꯝꯄ ꯌꯥꯡꯇꯩ
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ꯈꯝꯕ ꯌꯥꯡꯗꯩ
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Khampa Yangtei
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ꯅꯨꯡꯈꯣꯡ ꯅꯨꯡꯂꯥꯎꯄꯤ
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ꯅꯨꯡꯈꯣꯡ ꯅꯨꯡꯂꯥꯎꯕꯤ
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Nungkhong Nunglaopi
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Goddess of stones
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ꯄꯨꯛꯁꯂꯤ ꯂꯩꯃ
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ꯄꯨꯛꯁ꯭ꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯃ
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Pukhsali Leima
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- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 "Incarnations of Goddess Nongthang Leima By James Oinam". www.e-pao.net. Retrieved 2022-03-29.
- ↑ Singh, Moirangthem Kirti (1993). Folk Culture of Manipur. Manas Publications. ISBN 978-81-7049-063-0.
- ↑ Folk-lore. Indian Publications. 1991.
- ↑ The Anthropologist: International Journal of Contemporary and Applied Studies of Man. Kamla-Raj Enterprises. 2003.
- ↑ "Land of Gods and Goddesses Book Review By James Oinam". www.e-pao.net. Retrieved 2022-03-29.
- ↑ Parratt, Saroj Nalini (1997). The Pleasing of the Gods: Meitei Lai Haraoba. Vikas Publishing House. ISBN 978-81-259-0416-8.
- ↑ Session, North East India History Association (2001). Proceedings of North East India History Association. The Association.
- ↑ Singh, R. K. Jhalajit (1992). A Short History of Manipur. R.K. Jhalajit Singh.
- ↑ Jacobs, Joseph; Nutt, Alfred Trübner; Wright, Arthur Robinson; Crooke, William (1913). Folklore. Folklore Society.
- ↑ Devi, Lairenlakpam Bino (2002). The Lois of Manipur: Andro, Khurkhul, Phayeng and Sekmai. Mittal Publications. ISBN 978-81-7099-849-5.
- ↑ Devi, Dr Yumlembam Gopi. Glimpses of Manipuri Culture. Lulu.com. ISBN 978-0-359-72919-7.
- ↑ Bahadur), Sarat Chandra Roy (Rai (1970). Man in India. A. K. Bose.
- ↑ The Eastern Anthropologist. Ethnographic and Folk Culture Society, U.P. 1974.
- ↑ Devi, Lairenlakpam Bino (2002). The Lois of Manipur: Andro, Khurkhul, Phayeng and Sekmai. Mittal Publications. ISBN 978-81-7099-849-5.
- ↑ Session, North East India History Association (1999). Proceedings of North East India History Association. The Association.
- ↑ Hamilton, Roy W.; Ammayao, Aurora (2003). The Art of Rice: Spirit and Sustenance in Asia. UCLA Fowler Museum of Cultural History. ISBN 978-0-930741-98-3.
- ↑ Medieval Indian Literature: An Anthology. Sahitya Akademi. 1997. ISBN 9788126003655.
- ↑ Meitei, Sanjenbam Yaiphaba; Chaudhuri, Sarit K.; Arunkumar, M. C. (2020-11-25). The Cultural Heritage of Manipur. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-000-29637-2.
- ↑ "A Hymn for Goddess Emoinu". e-pao.net. Retrieved 2022-03-29.
- ↑ "Meiteis celebrate Emoinu". www.telegraphindia.com. Retrieved 2022-03-29.