Iranian peoples
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![]() Regions where Iranian languages are spoken | |
Regions with significant populations | |
---|---|
Western Asia and eastern half of Anatolia, Caucasus and Ossetia, Central Asia, western parts of South Asia, western Xinjiang (Historically also: Eastern Europe) | |
![]() | 79% of population[1] |
![]() | 71% of population[2] |
![]() | 79.9% of population[3] |
![]() | 89.9% of population |
Languages | |
Iranian languages (a branch of the Indo-European languages) | |
Religion | |
Predominately: Islam (Sunni, Shia and Alevi) Minorities: Christianity (Eastern Orthodoxy, Nestorianism, Catholicism and Protestantism), Judaism, Baháʼí Faith, Yazidism, Yarsanism, Zoroastrianism, Assianism (Historically also: Manichaeism and Buddhism) |
The Iranian peoples or Iranic peoples, are a Ethno-linguistic group of Indo-Europeans.
Modern Iranian peoples include the Kurds,[4][5] Lurs, Mazanderanis, Ossetians, Azerbaijanis, Tats, Tajiks, Balochs, Talyshs, Zazas, Pashtuns, Pamiris, Yaghnobis, Wakhis, Persians and Gilaks.
Historical Iranian peoples include the; Alans, Scythians,[6][7][8] Dahae, Sakas, Medes, Bactrians, Sogdians, Sarmatians, Parthians, Khwarezmians, Cimmerians, and Daylamites.
Iranian states, dynasties, empires and countries
Historical
Peoples | Dates | Origin | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
Achaemenid Kingdom | 730 BC–549 BC | Persian | |
Medes | ca. 678 BC–549 BC | Median | |
Achaemenid Empire | 550 BC–330 BC | Persian | |
Pharnacid dynasty | c. 550 BC–320 BC | Persian | |
Indo-Scythians | 200 BC–400 AD | Scythian | |
Shule Kingdom | 200 BC–790 AD | Saka | |
Kingdom of Pontus | 281 BC–62 AD | Ruled by Mithridatic dynasty of Persian origin | [9][10] |
Parthian Empire | 247 BC–224 AD | Parthian | |
Atropatene | 320s BC–3rd century AD | Iranian | |
Kingdom of Cappadocia | 320s BC–17 AD | Iranian | [11] |
Indo-Parthian Kingdom | 12 BC–before 100 AD | Parthian | |
Sasanian Empire | 224 AD–651 AD | Persian | |
Chosroid dynasty | 284 AD–807 AD | Parthian | |
Afrighids | 305 AD–995 AD | Khwarezmian | |
Mihranids | 330 AD–821 AD | Parthian | [12] |
Dabuyids | 642 AD–760 AD | Iranian | |
Bavandids | 651 AD–1349 AD | Iranian | |
Sadakiyans* | 770 AD–827 AD | Kurdish | |
Rustamids | 777 AD–909 AD | Persian | |
Tahirids* | 821 AD–873 AD | Persian | [13] |
Banijurids | r. 848 AD–908 AD | Iranian | |
Ghurids* | before 879 AD–1215 AD | Probably Tajik | [14][15] |
Saffarids | 861 AD–1003 AD | Persian | [16][17][18][19] |
Farighunids | 9th-century AD–1010 AD | Iranian | |
Sajids | 889 AD–929 AD | Sogdian | [20] |
Samanids* | 819 AD–999 AD | Iranian | [21] |
Musafirids | 919 AD–1062 AD | Daylamite | [22] |
Ziyarids | 931 AD–1090 AD | Gilak | |
Ilyasids | 932 AD–968 AD | Sogdian | |
Buyids | 934 AD–1062 AD | Daylamite | [23] |
Shaddadids | 951 AD–1199 AD | Kurdish | [24][25][26] |
Rawwadids* | 955 AD–1070/1116 AD | Arab origin, later Kurdicized | [27] |
Hasanuyids[a] | 959 AD–1015 AD | Kurdish | [26] |
Marwanids | 983/990 AD–1085 AD | Kurdish | [28][29][30] |
Annazids | 990/991 AD–1117 AD | Kurdish | [31][26] |
Ma'munids | 995 AD–1017 AD | Iranian | [32] |
Kakuyids | 1008 AD–1141 AD | Daylamite | [33] |
Hazaraspids | 1115 AD–1424 AD | Kurdish | [34] |
Atabegs of Yazd | 1141 AD–1319 AD | Persian | [35] |
Ayyubids* | 1171 AD–1260/1341 AD | Saladin, the founder of the dynasty, was a Kurd | [36][37][38] |
Khorsidi dynasty | 1184 AD–1597 AD | Kurdish | |
Kartids[b] | 1244 AD–1381 AD | Tajik | [39] |
Pervâneoğlu | 1261-1326 | Founder of the dynasty, Muin al-Din Sulayman Parwana, was of Persian origin | [40] |
Afrasiyab dynasty | 1349 AD–1504 AD | Iranian | [41] |
Lodi dynasty* | 1451 AD–1526 AD | Pashtun (Afghan) | |
Emirate of Palu | 1495–1850 | Kurdish | |
Safavid Empire* | 1501 AD–1722/1736 AD | The dynasty was partly or wholly of Kurdish origin. | [42][43][44] |
Baban | 16th century–1850 | Kurdish | |
Sur Empire | 1538 AD–1556 AD | Pashtun (Afghan) origin | |
Karrani dynasty | 1564 AD–1576 AD | Pashtun (Afghan) | |
Hotak Empire | 1709 AD–1738 AD | The dynasty was founded by the Pashtun Ghiji tribe | [45] |
Durrani Empire | 1747 AD–1823 AD/1839 AD–1842 AD | The dynasty was founded by the Pashtun Durrani tribe | [46] |
Zand dynasty | 1751 AD–1794 AD | The dynasty was founded by Karim Khan Zand, member of the Zand tribe, a branch of Lurs | [47][48][49][50][51] |
Barakzai dynasty | 1823–1973 | The dynasty was founded by Pashtun Barakzai tribe | [52] |
Pahlavi dynasty | 1925 AD–1979 AD | The dynasty was founded by Reza Shah of Mazanderani and Georgian descent | [53][54] |
Present-day
The following is a list of countries which have a significant population of Iranian people. These countries also recognize an Iranian language as an official language.
Independent countries
Country | Ethic group | Population | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
![]() |
Persian | 61 | [55] | |
Kurd | 10 | |||
Lur | 6 | |||
Baloch | 2 | |||
Total population: 79,853,900 (2013 est.) | ||||
![]() |
Pashtun | 42 | [56] | |
Tajik | 27 | |||
Baloch | 2 | |||
Total population: 31,108,077(2013 est.) | ||||
![]() |
Tajik | 79.9 | [57] | |
Total population: 7,910,041 (2013 est.) | ||||
![]() |
Ossetian | 89.9 | ||
Total population: 53,532 (2015) |
Autonomous countries
Country | Ethnic group | % | Total Population | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|
![]() |
– | 7,222,747 (2018 est.) | ||
![]() |
– | ≈2,000,000 (2018 est.) | ||
![]() |
Ossetian | 65.1 | 712,980 (2010) | |
![]() |
Tat | 0.5 | 2,910,249 (2010) |
Notes
References
- ↑ "The World Factbook - Iran". Archived from the original on 13 October 2013.
- ↑ "The World Factbook - Afghanistan". Archived from the original on 12 October 2013.
- ↑ "The World Factbook". Archived from the original on 13 October 2013.
- ↑ Bois et al. 2012, p. 439.
- ↑ Donzel 1994, p. 222.
- ↑ Ivantchik 2018
- ↑ Harmatta 1996, p. 181
- ↑ Sulimirski 1985, pp. 149–153
- ↑ McGing 2004.
- ↑ McGing 2009.
- ↑ Weiskopf 1990, p. 780–786.
- ↑ Bosworth 2011, p. 520–522.
- ↑ Frye 1975b, p. 90.
- ↑ Bosworth 2001, p. 586–590.
- ↑ Wink 2020, p. 78.
- ↑ Bjork 2010.
- ↑ Aldosari, Ali (2007). Middle East, Western Asia, and Northern Africa. p. 472
- ↑ Daftary, Farhad (2012). Historical Dictionary of the Ismailis. p. 51
- ↑ Meisami, Julie Scott; Starkey, Paul (ed.) (1998). Encyclopedia of Arabic Literature. Vol. 2. p. 674
- ↑ Bosworth 1996, p. 147.
- ↑ Frye 1975a, p. 160.
- ↑ Bosworth 2000.
- ↑ Nagel 1990, p. 578–586.
- ↑ Bosworth 1996a, p. 151.
- ↑ Peacock 2000.
- ↑ 26.0 26.1 26.2 Kennedy 2016, p. 215.
- ↑ Peacock 2017.
- ↑ Bosworth 1996b, p. 89.
- ↑ Ashtiany et al. 1990, p. 15.
- ↑ Boyle 1968, p. 24.
- ↑ Aḥmad 1985, p. 97–98.
- ↑ Bosworth 1984, pp. 762–764.
- ↑ Bosworth 1998, p. 359–362.
- ↑ Bosworth 2003, p. 93.
- ↑ Bosworth 1996c, p. 206.
- ↑ Riley-Smith 2008, p. 64.
- ↑ Laine 2015, p. 133.
- ↑ Lewis 2002, p. 166.
- ↑ Gohari 2000, p. 4.
- ↑ Donzel 1994a, p. 290.
- ↑ Bosworth 1984b, p. 742–743.
- ↑ Matthee 2005, p. 17 ; Matthee 2008 .
- ↑ Amoretti & Matthee 2009.
- ↑ Savory 2008, p. 8.
- ↑ Hanifi 2001, p. 670–672.
- ↑ Balland 1995, p. 513–519.
- ↑ Tucker 2020.
- ↑ Perry 2011, p. 561–564.
- ↑ Yarshater 2004, p. 234–238.
- ↑ Perry 2000.
- ↑ Perry 2002.
- ↑ Lansford 2017, p. 70.
- ↑ Aghaie 2011, p. 49.
- ↑ Amanat 2017, p. 473.
- ↑ "Iran". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency (United States). "Persian 61%, Azeri 16%, Kurd 10%, Lur 6%, Baloch 2%, Arab 2%, Turkmen and Turkic tribes 2%, other 1%"
- ↑ "Afghanistan". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency (United States). "Pashtun 42%, Tajik 27%, Hazara 9%, Uzbek 9%, Aimak 4%, Turkmen 3%, Baloch 2%, other 4%"
- ↑ "Tajikistan". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency (United States). "Tajik 79.9%, Uzbek 15.3%, Russian 1.1%, Kyrgyz 1.1%, other 2.6% (2000 census)"
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