July 30

July 30 is the 211th day of the year (212th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 154 days remaining until the end of the year.

Events

Up to 1900

634 – Battle of Ajnadayn: Byzantine Empire forces under Theodore are defeated by the Rashidun Caliphate near Beit Shemesh in present-day Israel.
762 – Baghdad is founded.
1419 – First Defenestration of Prague: A crowd of radical Hussites kill 7 members of the Prague city council.
1502 – Christopher Columbus lands at Guanaja in the Bay of Islands off present-day Honduras during his fourth voyage.
1619 – Jamestown, Virginia, the first representative factory in the Americas, the House of Burgesses, meets for the first time.
1629 – An earthquake in Naples, Italy, kills around 10,000 people.
1635 – Eighty Years' War: The Siege of Schenkenschans begins. Frederick Henry, Prince Orange begins the recapture of the strategically important fortress from the Spanish army.
1656 – Swedish forces under Charles X Gustaf of Sweden defeat forces of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth at the Battle of Warsaw.
1676 – Nathaniel Bacon issues the "Declaration of the people of Virginia", beginning Bacon's Rebellion, against the rule of Governor William Berkeley.
1729 – The city of Baltimore in Maryland is founded.
1775 – James Cook returns to England from his second voyage to the Pacific Ocean.
1792 – La Marseillaise, the current national anthem of France, is sung for the first time.
1811 – The Mexican revolutionary Miguel Hidalgo is executed.
1859 – First successful climb of Grand Combin in the Alps.
1863 – American Indian Wars: Chief Pocatello of the Shoshone tribe signs the Treaty of Box Elder, agreeing to stop the harassment of emigrant trails in southern Idaho and northern Utah.
1864 – American Civil War: Battle of the Crater – Union forces attempt to break Confederate lines at Petersburg, Virginia by exploding a large bomb under their trenches.
1865 – The steamboat Brother Jonathan sinks off Crescent City, California, killing 225 passengers.
1871 – The Staten Island ferry Westfield's boiler explodes, killing over 85 people.

1901 – 2000

1912 – Emperor Meiji of Japan dies, being succeeded by his son Yoshihito, now known as Emperor Taisho.
1917 – An earthquake in China kills around 1,800 people.
1930 – Uruguay wins the first FIFA World Cup, beating Argentina 4–2 in the final.
1932 – The 1932 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles, California, begin.
1932 – Walt Disney's "Flowers and Trees" is shown for the first time. It is the first cartoon short to use Technicolor and the first Academy Award–winning short.
1945 – World War II: Japanese submarine I-58 sinks the USS Indianapolis, killing 883 people.
1956 – 'In God We Trust' becomes the national motto of the United States.
1962 – The Trans–Canada Highway opens.
1965 – In the US, the Medicare insurance programme for senior citizens is signed into law.
1966 – England wins the FIFA World Cup, beating West Germany 4–2, in a match that included the disputed Wembley Goal.
1971 – An All Nippon Airways Boeing 727 aircraft and a Japanese Air Force F-86 plane collide over Morioka, Japan, killing 162 people.
1971 – Apollo program: Apollo 15 mission – David Scott and James Irwin on the Apollo Lunar Module Falcon land on the Moon with the first Lunar Rover.
1975 – Teamsters Union President Jimmy Hoffa disappears from a suburb of Detroit, Michigan, and is never seen or heard from again.
1978 – Car traffic in Okinawa switches from the right to the left side of the road.
1980 – The New Hebrides become independent, and change their name to Vanuatu.
1991 – Luciano Pavarotti celebrates 30 years in opera by giving a free concert in Hyde Park, London.
2000 – Norway gifts the Heimaey Stave Church to Iceland to mark the country's 1000 years of Christianity.

From 2001

2003 – The last Old Style Volkswagen Beetle rolls off the assembly line in Mexico.
2004 – Gas pipeline explodes in the village of Ghislenghien in Belgium, killing 24 people and injuring 132.
2006 – The BBC music programme Top of the Pops is shown for the last time, after a run of more than 42 years.
2006 – The Israeli air force bombs the town of Qana in Lebanon, killing 28 people.
2007 – Movie directors Michelangelo Antonioni and Ingmar Bergman die on the same day as each other.
2008 – Radovan Karadzic is transferred to The Hague after being arrested on war crimes charges.
2009 – A bomb explodes in Palma Nova, Mallorca, killing 2 police officers. ETA carried out the attack.
2012 – A massive power grid failure affects 22 states and over 700 million people in northern India.
2012 – A train fire in Andhra Pradesh, India, kills 32 people.
2017 – Russian President Vladimir Putin expels 755 American diplomats in response to US sanctions against Russia.
2018 – Parliamentary and Presidential elections are held in Zimbabwe, the first ones to take place since the resignation of Robert Mugabe.

Births

Up to 1900

1470 – Hongzhi Emperor of China's Ming Dynasty (d. 1505)
1511 – Giorgio Vasari, Italian painter, writer and architect (d. 1574)
1549 – Ferdinando I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany (d. 1609)
1641 – Regnier de Graaf, Dutch physician and anatomist (d. 1673)
1683 – Countess Sophie of Erbach-Erbach, German aristocrat (d. 1742)
1751 – Maria Anna Mozart, Austrian musician (d. 1829)
1763 – Samuel Rogers, English poet (d. 1855)
1813 – William Spurrell, Welsh printer and publisher (d. 1889)
1818 – Emily Brontë, English writer (d. 1848)
1818 – Jan Heemskerk, Prime Minister of the Netherlands (d. 1897)
1825 – Chaim Aronson, Lithuanian inventor, academic and memoirs writer (d. 1893)
1832 – George Lemuel Woods, American lawyer, judge and politician, 3rd Governor of Oregon (d. 1890)
1833 – Archduke Karl Ludwig of Austria (d. 1896)
1855 – Georg Wilhelm von Siemens, German industrialist (d. 1919)
1856 – Richard Burton Haldane, Scottish philosopher, lawyer and statesman (d. 1928)
1857 – Thorstein Veblen, American political economist (d. 1929)
1863 – Henry Ford, American industrialist (d. 1947)
1872 – Princess Clementine of Belgium (d. 1955)
1881 – Smedley Butler, American marine general (d. 1940)
1887 – Marquard Schwarz, American swimmer (d. 1968)
1888 – Werner Jaeger, German classical philologist (d. 1961)
1888 – Vladimir Zworykin, Russian-American physicist and inventor (d. 1982)
1890 – Casey Stengel, American baseball manager (d. 1975)
1893 – Fatimah Jinnah, sister of Muhammad Ali Jinnah (d. 1967)
1895 – Wanda Hawley, American actress (d. 1963)
1898 – Henry Moore, English sculptor (d. 1986)

1901 – 1950

1901 – Alfred Lepine, Canadian ice hockey player and coach (d. 1955)
1904 – Salvador Novo, Mexican writer (d. 1974)
1909 – C. Northcote Parkinson, English historian and writer (d. 1993)
1910 – Edgar de Evia, Mexican-American photographer (d. 2003)
1914 – Lord Killanin, Irish Olympic official (d. 1999)
1915 – Francisco Urcuyo Maliaños, Nicaraguan politician (d. 2001)
1919 – Berniece Baker Miracle, American author
1920 – Marie Tharp, American scientist (d. 2006)
1925 – Antoine Duhamel, French composer (d. 2014)
1925 – Jacques Sernas, Lithuanian-French actor (d. 2015)
1925 – Stan Stennett, Welsh actor (d. 2013)
1926 – Martin Nag, Norwegian writer (d. 2015)
1927 – Tony Hiller, British songwriter (d. 2018)
1927 – Richard Johnson, English actor, writer and producer (d. 2015)
1927 – Victor Wong, American actor (d. 2001)
1928 – Joe Nuxhall, American baseball player and sportscaster
1928 – Chris Howland, British-German singer, presenter, actor and writer (d. 2013)
1930 – Tony Lip, American actor (d. 2013)
1934 – Bud Selig, American businessman and Commissioner of Baseball
1936 – Buddy Guy, American Blues guitarist and singer
1936 – Infanta Pilar of Spain
1938 – Hervé de Charette, French politician
1939 – Peter Bogdanovich, American director
1940 – Clive Sinclair, English entrepreneur and inventor
1941 – Paul Anka, Lebanese-Canadian singer
1943 – Giovanni Goria, 46th Prime Minister of Italy (d. 1994)
1943 – Giuseppe Versaldi, Italian cardinal
1944 – Peter Bottomley, English politician
1944 – Frances de la Tour, English actress
1945 – Patrick Modiano, French novelist
1945 – David Sanborn, American jazz saxophonist
1947 – Françoise Barré-Sinoussi, French virologist and Nobel Prize winner
1947 – Arnold Schwarzenegger, Austrian-born actor, bodybuilder and former Governor of California
1947 – William Atherton, American actor
1948 – Jean Reno, Moroccan-French actor
1948 – James H. Burnley IV, American politician
1950 – Harriet Harman, British politician
1950 – Frank Stallone, American singer

1951 – 1975

1954 – Ken Olin, American actor, producer and actor
1955 – Christopher Warren-Green, English violinist and conductor
1957 – Bill Cartwright, American basketball player
1957 – Nery Pumpido, Argentine footballer
1958 – Kate Bush, British singer
1958 – Daley Thompson, British athlete
1958 – Neal McCoy, American singer-songwriter
1959 – Petra Felke, German athlete
1960 – Jennifer Barnes, American-English musicologist and academic
1960 – Richard Linklater, American director
1961 – Laurence Fishburne, American actor
1962 – Yakub Memon, Indian terrorist (d. 2015)
1963 – Lisa Kudrow, American actress
1963 – Chris Mullin, American basketball player
1964 – Jürgen Klinsmann, German footballer
1964 – Alek Keshishian, Lebanese-American director
1966 – Craig Gannon, English guitarist and songwriter
1966 – Lisa Madigan, American politician
1968 – Sean Moore, Welsh musician (Manic Street Preachers)
1968 – Robert Korzeniowski, Polish race walker
1968 – Terry Crews, American actor
1968 – Sofie Grabol, Danish actress
1969 – Simon Baker, Australian-American actor
1969 – Errol Stewart, South African cricketer and lawyer
1970 – Alun Cairns, Welsh politician
1970 – Christopher Nolan, English movie director
1971 – Claude Dambury, French footballer
1971 – Tom Green, American actor and comedian
1971 – Christine Taylor, American actress
1973 – Sonu Nigam, Indian singer
1973 – Dean Edwards, American actor and comedian
1973 – Clementa C. Pinckney, American pastor and politician (d. 2015)
1974 – Hilary Swank, American actress
1974 – Jason Robinson, English rugby player

From 1976

1977 – Diana Bolocco, Chilean model and journalist
1977 – Misty May-Treanor, American volleyball player and coach
1977 – Derek Mackay, Scottish politician
1977 – Ian Watkins, Welsh singer
1977 – Jaime Pressly, American actress
1979 – Graeme McDowell, Northern Irish golfer
1980 – Justin Rose, English golfer
1981 – Nicky Hayden, American motorcycle racer (d. 2017)
1981 – Hope Solo, American soccer player
1981 – Lisa Goldstein, American actress
1982 – Yvonne Strahovski, Australian actress
1982 – James Anderson, English cricketer
1983 – Sean Dillon, Irish footballer
1985 – Daniel Friedheim Holm, Norwegian footballer
1988 – Lara Jean Marshall, English-Australian actress, singer and dancer
1990 – Coco Sumner, British singer-songwriter and guitarist
1991 – Diana Vickers, British singer
1992 – Fabiano Caruana, American chess player
1992 – Hannah Cockroft, British Paralympic athlete
1993 – Miho Miyazaki, Japanese singer (AKB48)
1995 – Jorge Cori, Peruvian chess player
1995 – Hirving Lozano, Mexican footballer
1999 – Joey King, American actress
2002 – Prince Hridayendra of Nepal, Nepalese Royal

Deaths

Up to 1900

578 – Jacob Baradaeus, bishop of Edessa
579 – Pope Benedict I
734 – Tatwine, Archbishop of Canterbury
1540 – Thomas Abel, English priest and martyr (b. 1497)
1540 – Robert Barnes, English martyr and reformer (b. 1495)
1652 – Charles Amédée de Savoie, 6th Duc de Nemours, French soldier (b. 1624)
1680 – Thomas Butler, Earl of Ossory, Irish naval commander (b. 1634)
1683 – Maria Theresa of Spain, queen of Louis XIV of France (b. 1638)
1691 – Daniel Georg Morhof, German writer and scholar (b. 1639)
1715 – Nahum Tate, Irish poet (b. 1652)
1718 – William Penn, English founder of the Province of Pennsylvania (b. 1644)
1771 – Thomas Gray, English poet and letter-writer (b. 1716)
1789 – Giovanna Bonanno, Italian poisoner and alleged witch (b. 1713)
1811 – Miguel Hidalgo, Mexican revolutionary (b. 1753)
1875 – George Pickett, American Confederate general (b. 1825)
1898 – Otto von Bismarck, German chancellor (b. 1815)
1900 – Alfred, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (b. 1844)

1901 – 2000

1908 – James Budd, Governor of California (b. 1851)
1912 – Emperor Meiji, Japanese emperor (b. 1852)
1918 – Joyce Kilmer, American poet (b. 1886)
1927 – Albert Gustaf Dahlman, Swedish executioner (b. 1848)
1930 – Joan Gamper, Swiss-Catalan businessman (b. 1877)
1938 – John Derbyshire, English swimmer and water polo player (b. 1878)
1947 – Joseph Cook, sixth Prime Minister of Australia (b. 1860)
1949 – Stoyan Danev, Prime Minister of Bulgaria (b. 1858)
1965 – Jun'ichiro Tanizaki, Japanese writer (b. 1886)
1970 – George Szell, Hungarian conductor (b. 1897)
1971 – Kenneth Slessor, Australian poet (b. 1901)
1978 – Umberto Nobile, Italian airship pioneer (b. 1885)
1983 – Lynn Fontanne, stage and movie actress (b. 1887)
1985 – Julia Hall Bowman Robinson, American mathematician (b. 1919)
1986 – John N. Dalton, American politician, Governor of Virginia (b. 1931)
1992 – Joe Shuster, Canadian comic artist (b. 1914)
1992 – Brenda Marshall, American actress (b. 1915)
1996 – Claudette Colbert, French-American actress (b. 1903)
1996 – Magda Schneider, German actress and singer (b. 1909)
1997 – Bao Dai, Vietnamese Emperor (b. 1913)
1998 – Buffalo Bob Smith, American television host (b. 1917)

From 2001

2001 – Anton Schwarzkopf, German engineer (b. 1924)
2003 – Sam Phillips, American record producer (b. 1923)
2005 – John Garang, South Sudanese politician (b. 1945)
2006 – Murray Bookchin, American Libertarian socialist (b. 1921)
2007 – Michelangelo Antonioni, Italian movie director (b. 1912)
2007 – Ingmar Bergman, Swedish movie director (b. 1918)
2007 – Teoctist Arapasu, Romanian Orthodox Church Patriarch (b. 1915)
2008 – Anne Armstrong, American diplomat (b. 1927)
2009 – Peter Zadek, German theatre director (b. 1926)
2009 – Mohammed Yusuf, Nigerian Islamist militant (Boko Haram) (b. 1970)
2011 – Mario Echandi Jiménez, President of Costa Rica (b. 1915)
2012 – Chris Marker, French movie maker (b. 1921)
2012 – Maeve Binchy, Irish writer (b. 1940)
2013 – Harry F. Byrd, Jr., American politician (b. 1914)
2013 – Antoni Ramallets, Catalan-Spanish footballer (b. 1924)
2013 – Robert Neelly Bellah, American sociologist (b. 1927)
2014 – Julio Grondona, Argentine football executive (b. 1931)
2014 – Dick Wagner, American rock guitarist (b. 1942)
2014 – Dick Smith, American special effects make-up artist (b. 1922)
2014 – Peter Hall, British urban planner (b. 1932)
2014 – Harun Farocki, German filmmaker and author (b. 1944)
2014 – Manfred Roeder, German Wehrmacht soldier and far-right activist (b. 1929)
2015 – Yakub Memon, Indian terrorist (b. 1962)
2015 – Lynn Anderson, American country singer (b. 1947)
2015 – Jerome Kohlberg, Jr., American businessman (b. 1925)
2015 – Alana Vrzanova, Czech figure skater (b. 1931)
2017 – Tato Cifuentes, Chilean-born Argentine actor and singer (b. 1925)
2017 – Ciro Cirillo, Italian politician (b. 1921)
2017 – H. Sayeeduddin Dagar, Indian singer (b. 1939)
2017 – Paulo Garcia, Brazilian politician (b. 1959)
2017 – Slim Mahfoudh, Tunisian actor (b. 1942)
2018 – Andreas Kappes, German cyclist (b. 1965)
2018 – Khayyam Mirzazade, Azerbaijani composer and professor (b. 1935)
2018 – Ron Dellums, American politician (b. 1935)
2018 – Michael A. Sheehan, American author (b. 1955)
2019 – Marcian Bleahu, Romanian geologist, writer and politician (b. 1924)

Observances

Independence Day (Vanuatu)
International Friendship Day
Throne Day (Morocco)