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July Revolution (Bangladesh)

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July Revolution
See other names
Victory procession after the resignation of Sheikh Hasina in Shahbagh, Dhaka
Students started the Bangla Blockade during the quota reform movement in Shahbagh. It was a big protest to block things and push for change.
A large group of people joined the non-cooperation movement in Shantinagar, a place in Dhaka
Date1 July – 5 August 2024 (1 month and 4 days)
Quota reform movement:
1 July – 3 August 2024
Non-cooperation movement:
4–5 August 2024
Location
Bangladesh and abroad
Caused by
GoalsInitially focused on quota reform but then resignation of Sheikh Hasina and her cabinet
Resulted inSuccessful

(See aftermath)
Parties to the civil conflict
Students Against Discrimination
Liberal democratic opposition
Islamist opposition
Leftist opposition
Non-political protesters
Defectors
Lead figures
Casualties
Death(s)834+ (official gazette)[3]
1,400+ (OHCHR estimate)[4]
Injuries11,551+ (official gazette)[3]
Arrested11,702 (OHCHR estimate)[5]

The July Revolution, also called the Student–People's Uprising, was a big protest for democracy in Bangladesh in 2024. It began in June when students, led by a group called Students Against Discrimination, protested against unfair job quotas in government jobs. This happened after the Supreme Court of Bangladesh canceled the old rules from 2018. At first, the protests were peaceful, but in late July, the government used force against the protesters, killing many of them. This tragic event is known as the July Massacre.

By August, the protests grew into a huge movement where people stopped cooperating with the government. This forced the Prime Minister at the time, Sheikh Hasina, to flee the country and escape to India. When she left, it caused a big problem with the country’s leadership. Eventually, an interim (temporary) government was set up, led by Muhammad Yunus, an economist from Bangladesh who won a Nobel Peace Prize. He became the main adviser to help run things.

Background

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After the Awami League won the 2008 elections, they removed the caretaker government system.[6] They then won three more elections in a row (2014, 2018, and 2024). However, these elections were widely accused of being rigged. Most political parties in Bangladesh boycotted the 2014 and 2024 elections, though not the 2018 one. During this period, the government reportedly arrested and tortured opponents, pushing opposition leaders out of politics by convicting them in different cases.[7] The government also tightly controlled media and free speech, using laws like the Digital Security Act.[8][9]

Since 2009, Sheikh Hasina's Awami League has struggled to create jobs as promised. Although public sector jobs grew with better salaries, these positions were often given based on political connections.[10]

Reports say the government used police and Awami League supporters—including its student wing, the Chhatra League—to violently suppress protests, even non-political ones.[11] The Chhatra League has been accused of violent crackdowns at universities and other institutions.[12] Over these years, Awami League leaders faced accusations of corruption, money laundering, banking fraud, and mishandling financial reserves.[13][14] These problems contributed to higher living costs and public anger.[15]

History

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Quota reform movement

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Further information: 2024 Bangladesh quota reform movement

In 2018, students in Bangladesh started a big protest called the "2018 Bangladesh quota reform movement." It was led by the General Students' Rights Protection Council. They wanted changes to the quota system for government jobs. Because of their protests, the government decided to end the 46-year-old quota system.

But in 2021, seven children of freedom fighters, including Ahidul Islam, went to the High Court to challenge this decision. On June 5, 2024, the High Court, with Justices KM Kamrul Quader and Khizir Hayat, said the decision to remove the quota system wasn’t valid. Right after this ruling, students began protesting at different universities.

The protests grew stronger in July. Students blocked roads, including something called the "Bangla Blockade." The police used a lot of force to stop them, which led to fights. In Rangpur, a student named Abu Sayed was shot and killed by police. This made the movement even bigger and caused more tension across Bangladesh.[16]

After that, the protests turned violent in many places, including Dhaka. Law enforcement, along with groups like Chhatra League and Jubo League, attacked protesters, causing many deaths and injuries.[17] The government then put a curfew in place and shut down the internet. Because of all the unrest, the Appellate Division moved up its hearing date.[18]

On July 16, students from private universities joined the protests, making the movement even stronger. The government then closed all schools and universities on July 16, 2024. The next day, July 17, students living in public university dorms, like at Dhaka University, had to leave. But many private university students stayed in Dhaka because they live there permanently, and their numbers grew in the city by July 18.[19]

On July 18, there was a big clash in Rampura between police and students from Primeasia University, BRAC University, and East West University. At the same time, students from AIUB, North South University, Independent University, Dhaka International University, and UIU protested along Kuril Bishwa Road and Pragati Sarani. Protests also happened in Mohakhali with students from Ahsanullah University of Science and Technology, Bangladesh University of Textiles, and Southeast University, as well as in Uttara with Northern University students.[20][21][22][23]

Razakar slogans

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Main article: Tumi Ke, Ami Ke, Razakar, Razakar
Students at the University of Rajshahi chanting "Razakar" slogans on 14 July 2024 at 11:30 p.m. (BST)

On 14 July, at a press conference, Sheikh Hasina answered a question about ongoing protests by saying:

If the grandchildren of freedom fighters don’t get quota benefits, should those benefits go to the grandchildren of Razakars? That’s what I ask the people.[24]

After her comment, students began chanting slogans like:

তুমি কে? আমি কে?
রাজাকার, রাজাকার।
কে বলেছে? কে বলেছে?
স্বৈরাচার, স্বৈরাচার!

"Who are you? Who am I?
Razakar, Razakar.
Who said it? Who said it?
Autocrat, Autocrat!"[25]

Protesters said Hasina’s words unfairly called them "Razakars" (a term linked to traitors during Bangladesh’s independence war) and mocked their fight for quota reforms.[26] Many saw the slogan as a way to push back against her criticism.[27]

Internet outage

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To stop the movement from spreading across the country, the government ordered a shutdown of the internet. The internet was turned off nationwide starting on July 18 and continued until July 19.[28]

Cloudflare Radar Twitter
@CloudflareRadar

English: Bangladesh is experiencing a near complete #Internet outage after a government-ordered shutdown of mobile networks. Traffic and announced address space dropped to near-zero around 15:00 UTC (21:00 local).

19 July 2024[29]

Judgement of the Appellate Division on the case

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On July 4, the Appellate Division rejected the government’s move to cancel the freedom fighter quota system for top-level government jobs without even hearing the state’s request to pause the High Court’s earlier decision. The court temporarily upheld the High Court’s ruling and asked the state to formally submit a “leave to appeal” (request to challenge the decision). During the hearing, then-Chief Justice Obaidul Hasan remarked, “Protests are happening, so what? Should court rulings be changed because people protest on the streets?”[30]

Later, on July 10, the Appellate Division ordered a four-week temporary hold on the High Court’s verdict after reviewing petitions from the state and two students. The next hearing was scheduled for August 7.[31][32]

After the full High Court judgment was released on July 14, the state and two students formally filed to appeal the decision.[33] On July 18, the Supreme Court’s Chamber Court, led by Justice M Inayetur Rahim, set July 21 as the hearing date following a request by Attorney General AM Amin Uddin.[34]

On July 21, the Appellate Division reinstated the quota system and overturned the High Court’s ruling. However, citing constitutional principles of fairness, the court ordered that 93% of future government jobs be filled based on merit. This hearing marked the first time in Bangladesh’s history that Supreme Court proceedings were held under curfew restrictions.[35]

Massacre

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By early August 2024, the protests had caused many deaths. The government first said 215 people died,[36] but a UN report later found at least 650 were killed.[37] In August, the interim government’s health advisor, Nurjahan Begum, said over 1,000 people died, 400 students lost their eyesight, 20,000 were injured, and 11,000 arrested. At least 32 children were among the dead, per UNICEF.[38] The true number is unclear because the government limited information—hospitals couldn’t share data, CCTV footage was seized, and some victims were buried unnamed. By September, deaths passed 1,000.[39][40]

The violence, called the July Massacre, led to widespread anger. University teachers protested at University of Dhaka, condemning the killings.[41]

Ousted leader Sheikh Hasina, speaking through her son Sajeeb Wazed, called for an investigation but claimed police and her party were attacked by "terrorists."[42]

Non-cooperation movement

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On August 4, thousands of protesters gathered at Shahbagh intersection in the morning. They blocked the area as a way to protest and demand the government's resignation.[43]

After the Non-cooperation Movement began, different left-wing groups in Bangladesh joined the protests. The Proletarian Party of East Bengal, for example, started painting graffiti across the city after Hasina and the Awami League fell. Their messages criticized the military and called for an end to military rule.[44] Other far-left student groups also took part, including the Revolutionary Student-Youth Movement, a Marxist-Leninist-Maoist group.[45]

At least 97 people died across the country in clashes, shootings, and chases linked to the Non-cooperation Movement. Fourteen police officers were also killed, 13 of them at the Enayetpur police station in Sirajganj and one in Eliotganj, Comilla.[46] Protesters attacked and damaged 27 police stations, injuring more than 100 policemen, according to a statement from the Bangladesh Police.[47]

In Dhaka, unknown individuals set fire to cars, ambulances, motorcycles, and buses at Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University.[48] Around 4:30 p.m., an eleventh-grade student named Golam Nafiz was shot by the police in the Farmgate area. A picture of him being taken to the hospital in a rickshaw went viral online, sparking outrage.[49] By noon, people across the country reported losing internet access.[50] The government also blocked Facebook, Messenger, WhatsApp, Instagram, and all other Meta-owned platforms, ordering internet providers to comply after 1 p.m.[51]

The government announced a three-day general holiday starting August 5, during which banks would also be closed.[52] The Students Against Discrimination announced they would march to Dhaka on August 6 to demand the Prime Minister's resignation.[53]

Resignation of Sheikh Hasina

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Hasina stepped down on 5 August 2024 as huge crowds of protesters gathered around the prime minister's residence.[54] The army chief, General Waker-uz-Zaman, announced her resignation.[a] She then fled to India in a chaotic escape—first by car, then helicopter, and finally by plane, leaving without a farewell speech.[54]

Reports say she flew on a Bangladesh Air Force C-130 military plane to India’s Hindon Air Force base, where Indian officials greeted her.[b] India’s foreign minister stated she asked to stay in India "at very short notice."[54] Her son, Sajeeb Wazed, initially claimed she’d quit politics but later said she’d stay involved.[63][64] He later argued she never officially resigned due to the chaos.[65]

Hasina reportedly sought asylum in the UK but was rejected. Other options included the UAE, Saudi Arabia, or Finland.[66] By August 2024, she was in a hidden location in India.[67]

Wazed accused foreign spies of backing the protests.[68] Hasina blamed the U.S. for her removal, but her son called the claims "fake."[69][70] The U.S. denied involvement.[71]

On 13 August, Hasina called for an investigation into protest-related deaths, claiming her party and police were also victims.[72]

Fall of the government

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On August 4th, thousands of protesters gathered at Dhaka’s Shahbag intersection in the morning. They blocked the area as a form of protest, demanding the government’s resignation.[73] This led to hundreds of injuries and deaths.[74] The next day, protesters announced a “Long March to Dhaka” despite a nationwide curfew, pushing for Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina to step down.[75]

A massive march of people to Ganabhaban (the Prime Minister's residence) forced Hasina to resign. On August 5th, she and her sister Sheikh Rehana fled to India with military assistance.[76][77]

After the Awami League government was removed, the Revolutionary Workers Party of Bangladesh organized student meetings with the interim government to discuss policies, including talks with parties like the Bangladesh Nationalist Party.[78] Meanwhile, the Left Democratic Alliance held a conference on August 11th, demanding reforms to the Election Commission to ensure fair parliamentary elections.[79] They called for changes to the electoral system, including a “no” vote option, recalling underperforming leaders, and adopting proportional representation.[79] The interim government also held talks with political parties like the BNP, Jamaat, and others on October 5th to address the crisis.[80]

Citation

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Notes

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  1. ↑ Multiple references:[55][56][57][58]
  2. ↑ Multiple references:[59][60][61][62]

References

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  1. ↑ Protidiner Bangladesh (2024-08-04). ‘কথা শোনেনি’ পুলিশ, নিয়ন্ত্রণে রাখতে সেনাবাহিনীর গু লি | Army | Police | PB. Retrieved 2025-03-15 – via YouTube.
  2. ↑ Daily Ittefaq (2024-08-27). কী ঘটেছিল ৩ আগস্ট সেনাকর্মকর্তাদের সঙ্গে সেনা প্রধানের বৈঠকে? | Army Chief | WakeruzZaman | Ittefaq (in Bengali). Retrieved 2025-03-15 – via YouTube.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 "Gazette published listing 834 July uprising martyrs".
  4. ↑ OHCHR Fact-Finding Report: Human Rights Violations and Abuses related to the Protests of July and August 2024 in Bangladesh (Report). Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights. 2025-02-12. pp. 10–11. Archived from the original on 2025-02-12. Retrieved 2025-02-12. To arrive at a more complete estimate of deaths, OHCHR compared the Ministry of Health data with detailed lists of reported deaths compiled by other sources, including civil society organisations, and removed duplicates. Based on this data, OHCHR assesses that there could have been as many as 1,400 protest-related deaths, including at least 13 women, for the period of 15 July to 5 August.[...] This data indicates that about two-thirds (66 percent) of deaths were caused by bullets fired from high-powered military automatic and semi-automatic rifles that are the standard issue of BGB, RAB, Army, Ansar/VDP Battalions, and Armed Police Battalion, and which were also used by regular police during the protests. Another 12 percent of deaths were caused by shotguns loaded with cartridges containing lethal metal pellets (conforming to industry-standard 'No. 8 metal shot'), another weapon widely used by Bangladesh Police and also Ansar/VDP.
  5. ↑ OHCHR Fact-Finding Report: Human Rights Violations and Abuses related to the Protests of July and August 2024 in Bangladesh (Report). Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights. 2025-02-12. pp. 43–44. Archived from the original on 2025-02-12. Retrieved 2025-02-12. arrests by police and RAB.
  6. ↑ তত্ত্বাবধায়ক সরকার ব্যবস্থা বাতিল ঘোষণা (in Bengali). BBC Bangla. 10 May 2011. Retrieved 30 March 2025.
  7. ↑ ২১শে অগাস্ট গ্রেনেড হামলা সহ তারেক রহমানের বিরুদ্ধে যত মামলা রয়েছে (in Bengali). BBC Bangla. 21 August 2024. Archived from the original on 16 September 2024. Retrieved 30 March 2025.
  8. ↑ "সরকার নানাভাবে গণমাধ্যম নিয়ন্ত্রণ করছে". Prothom Alo (in Bengali). 18 August 2023. Archived from the original on 7 September 2024. Retrieved 30 March 2025.
  9. ↑ ডিজিটাল নিরাপত্তা আইন: প্রয়োগ না অপপ্রয়োগ - তা নিয়ে উদ্বেগ ও বিতর্ক কেন? (in Bengali). BBC Bangla. 5 March 2021. Archived from the original on 7 September 2024. Retrieved 30 March 2025.
  10. ↑ Asadullah, M. Niaz (2024-07-25). "An Arab Spring for Bangladesh?". Project Syndicate. Retrieved 30 March 2025.
  11. ↑ কুড়িগ্রামে আন্দোলনকারীদের সঙ্গে পুলিশ ও ছাত্রলীগ-যুবলীগ ত্রিমুখী সংঘর্ষে আহত ৩০. Prothom Alo (in Bengali). 4 August 2024. Archived from the original on 7 September 2024. Retrieved 30 March 2025.
  12. ↑ আলোক, সাদী মুহাম্মাদ (15 February 2023). কেন এত অভিযোগ ছাত্রলীগের বিরুদ্ধে. The Daily Star (in Bengali). Retrieved 30 March 2025.
  13. ↑ "Dollar crisis bites: Price hikes squeeze Bangladeshi consumers". Dhaka Tribune. Retrieved 30 March 2025.
  14. ↑ "On average 12-15b dollars laundered annually: Iftekharuzzaman". Prothom Alo. 2024-11-02. Retrieved 30 March 2025.
  15. ↑ হাসিনার বিরুদ্ধে গণঅভ্যুত্থানে ভূমিকা রেখেছে যেসব কারণ (in Bengali). BBC Bangla. 11 August 2024. Archived from the original on 17 September 2024. Retrieved 30 March 2025.
  16. ↑ আবু সাঈদ হত্যার বিচারের দাবিতে বেরোবিতে শহীদি মার্চ. Kaler Kantho. 5 September 2024. Retrieved 30 March 2025.
  17. ↑ কোটা আন্দোলন: কোটা সংস্কারের আন্দোলনে সহিংসতায় সারা দেশে ছয় জন নিহত (in Bengali). BBC Bangla. 16 July 2024. Archived from the original on 17 July 2024. Retrieved 30 March 2025.
  18. ↑ কোটা আন্দোলন ঘিরে সহিংসতা, কারফিউ, সেনা মোতায়েন, ইন্টারনেট বন্ধ-আরো যা যা ঘটেছে (in Bengali). BBC Bangla. 23 July 2024. Archived from the original on 20 July 2024. Retrieved 30 March 2025.
  19. ↑ "Timeline of student-people's 'July uprising'". BSS. Retrieved 30 March 2025.
  20. ↑ "Contribution of Private University Students in '2nd Liberation War'". Daily Sun. August 2024. Retrieved 30 March 2025.
  21. ↑ "Private university students join Quota Reform Movement protests". The Daily Star. 2024-07-15. Retrieved 30 March 2025.
  22. ↑ "July 18: The day pvt uni students etched their names in nation's history". The Business Standard. 2024-09-15. Retrieved 30 March 2025.
  23. ↑ "17 students of a private university lost their lives in gunfire". Bonikbarta.
  24. ↑ "How PM Hasina's 'Razakar' remark fueled Bangladesh protests". WION. 20 July 2024. Archived from the original on 4 August 2024. Retrieved 30 March 2025.
  25. ↑ "Who were the Razakars and why are they central to Bangladesh protests?". Al Jazeera. 22 July 2024. Archived from the original on 8 October 2024. Retrieved 30 March 2025.
  26. ↑ "Students demand PM withdraw comment on quota reform protesters". Dhaka Tribune. 15 July 2024. Archived from the original on 15 July 2024. Retrieved 30 March 2025.
  27. ↑ "'We are Razakars': Term used by protesters angers Bangladesh government". Firstpost. 19 July 2024. Archived from the original on 5 August 2024. Retrieved 30 March 2025.
  28. ↑ "দেশজুড়ে বন্ধ ইন্টারনেট পরিষেবা, অগ্নিগর্ভ বাংলাদেশে বাড়ছে হতাহতের সংখ্যা, বাড়ছে উদ্বেগ". aajkaal.in. Archived from the original on 20 July 2024. Retrieved 30 March 2025.
  29. ↑ Cloudflare Radar [@CloudflareRadar] (19 July 2024). "Bangladesh is experiencing a near complete #Internet outage after a government-ordered shutdown of mobile networks. Traffic and announced address space dropped to near-zero around 15:00 UTC (21:00 local)" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  30. ↑ কোটা নিয়ে হাইকোর্টের রায়ে ৪ সপ্তাহের স্থিতাবস্থা আপিল বিভাগের. The Daily Ittefaq.
  31. ↑ কোটা বহালে হাইকোর্টের রায়ে ৪ সপ্তাহের স্থিতাবস্থা আপিল বিভাগের. The Daily Star Bangla (in Bengali). 10 July 2024. Retrieved 30 March 2025.
  32. ↑ কোটা নিয়ে হাইকোর্টের রায়ের বিরুদ্ধে লিভ টু আপিলের ওপর শুনানি রোববার. Prothom Alo (in Bengali). 18 July 2024. Archived from the original on 7 September 2024. Retrieved 30 March 2025.
  33. ↑ কোটা নিয়ে হাইকোর্টের রায় বাতিল চেয়ে রাষ্ট্রপক্ষের লিভ-টু-আপিল আবেদন. The Daily Star Bangla. 16 July 2024. Retrieved 30 March 2025.
  34. ↑ কোটা নিয়ে আনা লিভ টু আপিলের ওপর শুনানি রোববার. Bangladesh Sangbad Sangstha (BSS). Retrieved 30 March 2025.
  35. ↑ কোটা আন্দোলন: কোটা নিয়ে আপিল বিভাগের শুনানিতে রোববার যা হয়েছে. BBC Bangla (in Bengali). 21 July 2024. Archived from the original on 25 July 2024. Retrieved 30 March 2025.
  36. ↑ "Bangladesh mourns some 200 deaths as student protests wind down and thousands are arrested". AP News. 31 July 2024.
  37. ↑ Preliminary Analysis of Recent Protests and Unrest in Bangladesh (Report). United Nations Human Rights Office. 2024-08-16. pp. 6–7. Archived from the original on 2024-09-21. Retrieved 2025-03-30. Public reports and protest groups claim over 600 deaths between 16 July and 11 August. Nearly 400 died before 4 August, and 250 more in protests on 5–6 August. [...] The real toll is likely higher due to internet shutdowns, curfews, and hospitals being blocked from sharing data. Most deaths were linked to security forces and the Awami League's student wing.
  38. ↑ "At least 32 children killed in Bangladesh violence". Unicef. 2 August 2024.
  39. ↑ Antara, Nawaz Farhin (26 August 2024). "At least 56 buried as unidentified during student movement". Dhaka Tribune. Retrieved 2025-03-30.
  40. ↑ "Unidentified victims of Bangladesh collapse buried". NDTV.com. Archived from the original on 2024-09-13. Retrieved 2025-03-30.
  41. ↑ "Teachers for terming killings 'July Massacre'". The Business Post. 29 July 2024. Archived from the original on 3 August 2024. Retrieved 2025-03-30.
  42. ↑ "Bangladesh's ex-Premier Hasina calls for probe into killings during the unrest that led to her ouster". Associated Press. 2024-08-14. Archived from the original on 14 August 2024. Retrieved 2025-03-30.
  43. ↑ "Thousands of protesters demonstrate at Shahbagh for one-point demand". The Daily Star. 2024-08-04. Archived from the original on 4 August 2024. Retrieved 2025-03-30.
  44. ↑ ""No to Military Rule" in Bangladesh!". 5 August 2024. Archived from the original on 6 August 2024. Retrieved 6 August 2024.
  45. ↑ "Interview on student movement in Bangladesh". Archived from the original on 24 August 2024.
  46. ↑ "Non-cooperation movement: At least 97 die across country on a day of carnage". Prothom Alo. 2024-08-04. Archived from the original on 4 August 2024. Retrieved 2025-03-30.
  47. ↑ "২৭টি থানায় হামলা, ১৪ পুলিশ সদস্য নিহত, ৩০০ জনের বেশি আহত". Prothom Alo (in Bengali). Archived from the original on 4 August 2024. Retrieved 2025-03-30.
  48. ↑ "Vehicles vandalised, torched at BSMMU". The Daily Star. 2024-08-04. Archived from the original on 4 August 2024. Retrieved 2025-03-30.
  49. ↑ Hossain, Mansura (13 August 2024). "Nafiz was still alive on the way to hospital after being shot". Prothom Alo.
  50. ↑ "কর্তৃপক্ষের নির্দেশে মোবাইল ইন্টারনেট বন্ধ: অপারেটরদের বিবৃতি". Prothom Alo (in Bengali). Archived from the original on 5 August 2024. Retrieved 2025-03-30.
  51. ↑ ফেসবুক, মেসেঞ্জার, হোয়াটসঅ্যাপ ও ইনস্টাগ্রাম বন্ধের নির্দেশ. Prothom Alo (in Bengali). 2024-08-04. Archived from the original on 7 August 2024. Retrieved 2025-03-30.
  52. ↑ "Banks to remain closed for three days from tomorrow". The Daily Star. 4 August 2024. Archived from the original on 4 August 2024. Retrieved 2025-03-30.
  53. ↑ "'March to Dhaka' programme tomorrow". The Daily Star. 4 August 2024. Archived from the original on 4 August 2024. Retrieved 2025-03-30.
  54. ↑ 54.0 54.1 54.2 Mujib Mashal, Shayeza Walid and Saif Hasnat, Bangladesh's Leader Fled Just Ahead of an Angry Crowd, Urged by Family to Go Archived 7 August 2024 at the Wayback Machine, New York Times (August 6, 2024).
  55. ↑ Isaac Yee; Tanbirul Miraj Ripon (5 August 2024). "Bangladesh prime minister resigns as deadly anti-government rallies grip nation". CNN. Archived from the original on 7 August 2024. Retrieved 30 March 2025.
  56. ↑ "Sheikh Hasina lands at Hindon Air Base near Delhi, after resigning as Bangladesh PM". The Economic Times. 5 August 2024. Archived from the original on 5 August 2024. Retrieved 30 March 2025.
  57. ↑ Gupta, Anant (5 August 2024). "Bangladeshi Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina resigns, army chief says". Washington Post. Retrieved 30 March 2025.
  58. ↑ Alam, Julhas; Pathi, Krutika (5 August 2024). "Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina resigns and leaves Bangladesh, ending 15-year rule". Associated Press. Archived from the original on 5 August 2024. Retrieved 30 March 2025.
  59. ↑ "Sheikh Hasina resigns LIVE updates: Army to form interim government amid Bangladesh crisis". 5 August 2024. Archived from the original on 5 August 2024. Retrieved 30 March 2025.
  60. ↑ Dhar, Aniruddha (5 August 2024). "Bangladesh Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina resigns, flees country as protestors storm palace". Hindustan Times. Archived from the original on 8 August 2024. Retrieved 30 March 2025.
  61. ↑ "Bangladesh protests: Sheikh Hasina resigns as Bangladesh PM, leaves country with sister: reports". 5 August 2024. Archived from the original on 5 August 2024. Retrieved 30 March 2025.
  62. ↑ Ethirajan, Anbarasan (5 August 2024). "How Bangladesh's protests ended Sheikh Hasina's 15-year reign". BBC News. Archived from the original on 5 August 2024. Retrieved 30 March 2025.
  63. ↑ "Nobel laureate Yunus arrives in Bangladesh to take over as interim leader". Associated Press. Archived from the original on 8 August 2024. Retrieved 30 March 2025.
  64. ↑ "Hasina won't return to politics: Joy". The Daily Star. 5 August 2024. Archived from the original on 7 August 2024. Retrieved 30 March 2025.
  65. ↑ Das, Krishna N. (10 August 2024). "Bangladesh's Hasina did not resign before fleeing, son says". Reuters. Retrieved 30 March 2025.
  66. ↑ "As UK rebuffs Hasina's asylum request, she looks for alternatives in UAE, Saudi Arabia, Finland". Firstpost. August 7, 2024. Archived from the original on 7 August 2024. Retrieved 30 March 2025.
  67. ↑ "Hasina moved to secure location in India". Dhaka Tribune. 6 August 2024. Retrieved 30 March 2025.
  68. ↑ "'I could have stayed in power if ...': Sheikh Hasina claims US role in her ouster from Bangladesh". The Times of India. 2024-08-11. ISSN 0971-8257. Archived from the original on 11 August 2024. Retrieved 30 March 2025.
  69. ↑ "Sheikh Hasina's Undelivered Speech Had Big Charge Against US". NDTV. Archived from the original on 2024-09-09. Retrieved 30 March 2025.
  70. ↑ "Joy denies Hasina's alleged statement on US role in ouster". 12 August 2024. Retrieved 30 March 2025.
  71. ↑ "US rejects involvement in removing Hasina from power". Dhaka Tribune. Retrieved 30 March 2025.
  72. ↑ "Bangladesh's ex-Premier Hasina calls for probe into killings during unrest that led to her ouster". Associated Press. 2024-08-14. Archived from the original on 14 August 2024. Retrieved 30 March 2025.
  73. ↑ "Thousands of protesters demonstrate at Shahbagh for one-point demand". The Daily Star. 4 August 2024. Archived from the original on 4 August 2024. Retrieved 30 March 2025.
  74. ↑ "Non-cooperation movement At least 97 die across country on a day of carnage". Prothom Alo. 4 August 2024. Archived from the original on 4 August 2024. Retrieved 30 March 2025.
  75. ↑ "Bangladesh protesters call for the march to Dhaka in defiance of curfew". The Straits Times. 5 August 2024. Archived from the original on 6 August 2024. Retrieved 30 March 2025.
  76. ↑ "Bangladesh PM Sheikh Hasina has resigned and left the country, media reports say". South China Morning Post. 5 August 2024. Retrieved 30 March 2025.
  77. ↑ "Bangladesh PM Sheikh Hasina resigns and flees as protesters storm palace". The Straits Times. 5 August 2024. Archived from the original on 7 August 2024. Retrieved 30 March 2025.
  78. ↑ "Political parties ask whether govt supports students' demands". Prothom Alo. 28 October 2024.
  79. ↑ 79.0 79.1 "Left alliance demands EC overhaul for fair, acceptable national polls". Dhaka Tribune. 11 August 2024.
  80. ↑ "Interim govt begins dialogue with political parties today". Prothom Alo. 4 October 2024.
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