Kushan

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Kushan,[1][2][3][4] or Kushana,[5][6] is a major (gotra) clan of the Gurjar community of India, Pakistan, and Afghanistan. In some regions, especially Punjab and Kashmir, they are also known as Kasana[5][7] Gujjars. They onceestablished and ruled in the Kushan Empire,[8][9] from the 1st century CE until 375 CE. They practisefollow a variety of religions, including Hinduism, Sikhism, Jainism, and Islam.[10]

Origin[change | change source]

According to Kulbhushan Warikoo, some Huns claim to be descended from the Yuechi or Kushans. The Kushan and Hun were unquestionably Kshatriya Gujjars. Both of these clans are only found among the Gurjars of Central and South Asia.[11]

The Kushan Gujars, claimed to be the descendants of Raja Kans, Lord Krishna's maternal uncle, swear by lightning and do not own any bronze utensils. This legend is about the creation of the world.[12]

The Kushan Gurjars further claim to have originated from Kush, the younger son of Sri Raam Chanderji. One of the younger son of the Lord Rama mentioned in Hindu epic Ramayana.[4]

Variation and entomology[change | change source]

They are historically also known by various variation including, Kushana,[5] Kushan,[3] Kusane,[2] Gusano,Koshano, Kusana.[13]

Kasana (कसाणा) derived from Kushan(कुषाण) also known as kushane(कुसाणे) are a Gujjar clan of Agnivanshi kshatriya lineage. The word Kasana is also use as their clan name d by Muslim and Sikh gujjars.[14]

History[change | change source]

According to General Cunningham the former head of Archeological survey of India that, the Korso' and 'Kushan' written on the coins of Kushan king Kanishk is same as Gorsi and Kusane (Kushan) clans of the Gujjar ethnic community of India, Pakistan and Afghanistan.[2]

According to Vidhya Prakash Tyagi, the Kushan, a sub-caste of the Gujjars, were a native family in Peshawar, which is why Kanishk spared Patna's Ruler Subahu Nagar. The family was known as Devaputra, which means "Aryan," and was part of the Kushan Gujjar tribe.[3]

The word Gusur is referenced in Kushan King Kanishka's Rabatak inscription. According to some academics, the word gusur, which signifies "Kulputra" or "man or woman born into a high family," stands for "Gujjar" (Gurjaras) in this inscription. Even today, the Gurjars of Central Asia are referred to as Gusur (Gujur).[8]

Many historians and scholars believed that the Kushan Empire and prominent emperor of the Kushana empire Kanishka Belonged to Kushana clan of the Gujjars.[15]

The believer of the myth, that Gurjars are foreigners, like Sir James Campbell, General Crook, Colonel Todd, Mr. forbs, Dr. Bhagwan Lal Inder Ji and all other has agree that present Kasana gotra of Gurjars are successors of great Kushans.[13][16]

Geographic distributions[change | change source]

They live in Pakistani provinces of west Punjab, Sindh, Balochistan, Khyber pakhtunKhwa, Azad Kashmir, and Gilgit-Baltistan. They also live in some provinces of Afghanistan including Kabul, Nuristan and Kandhahar. While in Indian states including the Rajasthan,[7] Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh,[7] Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, east Punjab, Uttarakhand and Delhi.

Languages[change | change source]

They speak a variety of languages within their local regions, but in Jammu and Kashmir, Khayber PakhtunKhwa, Azad kashmir, Gilgit-Baltistan, Himachal Pradesh, Utrakhand, and Afghanistan, they speak their mother tongue Gujari language.[7]

References[change | change source]

  1. Warikoo, Kulbhushan; Som, Sujit (2000). Gujjars of Jammu and Kashmir (Page_6). Indira Gandhi Rashtriya Manav Sangrahalaya. p. 6. Some Huns claim to be Kushans. Kushan and Hun undoubtedly were Kshatriyas. Both the sub-castes are among the Gurjars. General Cunningham and other historians have mentioned them as Gurjars.
  2. 2.0 2.1 2.2 Ahmed, Mukhtar (18 April 2016). The Arains: A Historical Perspective (Page_51). Createspace. p. 51. ISBN 978-1-5327-8117-9. ...'Korso' and 'Kushan' written on the coins of Kushan king Kanishk is same as Gorsi and Kusane (Kushan) clans of the Gujjars.
  3. 3.0 3.1 3.2 Tyagi, Vidya Prakash (2009). Martial races of undivided India. G.House. p. 230. ISBN 978-81-7835-775-1. The Kushan, sub-caste of the Gujjars, was a native family at Peshawar, that is why Kanishk spared Subahu Nagar, the Ruler of Patna. The family was called Devaputra, the Aryan.
  4. 4.0 4.1 Rahi, Javaid (1 January 2012). The Gujjars Vol: 01 and 02 Edited by Dr. Javaid Rahi. Jammu and Kashmir Acacademy of Art, Culture, Languages, Jammu. p. 291. The Kushan is a tribe (gotra) of Gurjar race and claims their originator Kush the younger son of Sri Raam Chanderji (G.C.H. page ... of the same district Maulvi Fateh-ud Din Kushan was Director of Agriculture Department of the Punjab.
  5. 5.0 5.1 5.2 Khari, Rahul (2007). Jats and Gujars: Origin, History and Culture (Page_168). Reference Press. p. 168. ISBN 978-81-8405-031-8. After Vasishka Kushana power was on the decline although they ruled upto the IVth A. D over small kingdoms. "Kasana" is a modern name of "Kushana" and is a most common Gotra ( Clan ) among the Gujjar community and they are in abundance in...
  6. Katariya, Adesh (6 August 2012). The Glorious History of Kushana Empire: Kushana Gurjar History.
  7. 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 Pathways: In Search of Exemplary Practices on Environment and Sustainable Development in Asia. Philippine Rural Reconstruction Movement for the International Conference of Asian Foundations and Organizations. 2000. ISBN 978-971-8817-18-6. Van Gujjars have many clans, such as the Kasana, Checchi and Lodha. They speak Gujuri, a language similar to a Rajasthan dialect. In Himachal Pradesh, the Van Gujjars are found in the districts of Sirumur, Shimla, Kangra...
  8. 8.0 8.1 India (2022). History of Indian nation: Ancient India. K.K Publications. p. 109. "The word Gusur is referred in the Rabatak inscription of Kushan King Kanishka. According to some scholars the Word Gusur, which means Kulputra or Man or woman born into high family, in this inscription stands for "Gujjar" (Gurjaras). The Gurjars of central Asia termed as Gusur (Gujur) even today. Ahmad Hasaan, Dani (2007). History of Pakistan : Pakistan through ages. Pakistan: Sang-e Meel Publications. p. 105. ISBN 9789693520200. "Another tribe, such as the Gujjars, who came along with the Kushans, are even now remembered as "Gujjar-Kashans" (Kushan Gujjars) in popular ... It is not just the vast empire that they built, with its summer capital at 105 CE. Ashok, Harsana (2013). Forbears of the Aryan Legacy: The Gurjars. Indias. Publication. pp. 35–36. Gurjar is the largest tribe of the world, which is admittedly recognized to be the major ethnic group in Pakistan, India, Xing Xiang (sic) (China), Tibet, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh and Afghanistan. The Gurjars can rightly be termed as an international tribe, who are not restricted and confined by frontiers or borders. The presence of Gurjars in the above mentioned regions greatly coincide with the stretch of the Kushan Empire which in fact was a "Gurjar Empire". Singh, David Emmanuel (31 August 2012). Islamization in Modern South Asia: Deobandi Reform and the Gujjar Response. Walter de Gruyter. p. 44. ISBN 978-1-61451-185-4.
  9. Vasudevan, Vandana (22 November 2013). Urban Villager: Life in an Indian Satellite Town (Page_23). SAGE Publications India. p. 23. ISBN 978-81-321-1783-4. ...the Archaeological Survey of India, identified the Kushan kings, whose most famous ruler was Kanishka, as Gujjars. The Gujjara Pratihara dynasty, which ruled over most of north India, including Gujarat ...
  10. www.gurjar.com https://www.gurjar.com/. Retrieved 2024-02-17. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  11. Warikoo, Kulbhushan; Som, Sujit (2000). Gujjars of Jammu and Kashmir. Indira Gandhi Rashtriya Manav Sangrahalaya. p. 6. Some Huns claim to be Kushans . Kushan and Hun undoubtedly were Kshatriyas . Both the sub – castes are among the Gurjars. The General Cunningham and some others historians have mentioned them as Gurjars.
  12. Verma, V. (2000). Ban-Gujars: A Nomadic Tribe in Himachal Pradesh. B.R. Publishing Corporation. p. 103. ISBN 978-81-7646-112-2. The Kasana (Kushan) Gujars, who claim their descent from the Raja Kans, the maternal uncle of lord Krishna, swear by lightening and do not keep any bronze utensil in their households.
  13. 13.0 13.1 Marie Lisa M. Dacanay and Jose F. Lacaba (2000). Pathways : in search of exemplary practices on environment and sustainable development in Asia (2nd ed.). [Quezon City]: Philippine Rural Reconstruction Movement for the International Conference of Asian Foundations and Organizations. ISBN 971-8817-18-2. OCLC 49260722.
  14. Khari, Rahul (2007). Jats and Gujars : origin, history, and culture. New Delhi: Reference Press. ISBN 978-81-8405-031-8. OCLC 141386227.
  15. Lapinski, Valerie (2009-10-07). "Showcase: Traveling With the Van Gujjar Tribe". Ny_Times. Retrieved 2023-12-06. The great Kushan empire and Emperor Kanishka was a Gujjar of 'Kushana subclan of Gujjars.
  16. Tyagi, Vidya Prakash (2009). Martial races of undivided India. Delhi: Kalpaz Publications. ISBN 978-81-7835-775-1. OCLC 428923102.