President of Indonesia
| President of the Republic of Indonesia | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Style | Mr./Madam President (Bapak/Ibu Presiden) (informal) His/Her Excellency (international correspondence) |
| Appointer | Elections in Indonesia |
| Term length | Five years, renewable once (amended constitution) |
| Inaugural holder | Sukarno |
| Formation | 1945 |
| Website | English site: [1] Indonesian site: [2] |
The President of the Indonesia Republic is the head of state of Indonesia. The current President is Joko Widodo.
List of presidents
[change | change source] Independent (1 president)
(1 president)
(1 president)
(2 presidents)
(1 vice president)
(1 president)
|
| # | Portrait | Name (birth–death) |
Term of office | Time in office | Political party | Vice president(s) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 
|
Sukarno (1901–1970) |
18 August 1945 | 12 March 1967[1] | 21 years,
204 days |
Independent | Mohammad Hatta | |
| Vacant (1 December 1956 – 12 March 1967) | ||||||||
| Declared Indonesia's independence from the Netherlands. Presided during the Indonesian National Revolution and the first national elections. One of the founding fathers of the Non-Aligned Movement and hosted the 1955 Bandung Conference. Called for a 'Guided Democracy' following the collapse of 10 governments during the 1950s, with Nasakom as the principle ideology. Acceded Western New Guinea. Opposed the formation of Malaysia and began Konfrontasi. Signed the Supersemar in 1966, following the assassination of 6 generals. Relieved from power in 1967. | ||||||||
| 2 | 
|
Suharto (1921–2008) |
12 March 1967 (acting) 27 March 1968 |
21 May 1998 | 31 years,
70 days |
Golkar with military support | ||
| Vacant (12 March 1967 – 23 March 1973) | ||||||||
| Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono IX | ||||||||
| Adam Malik | ||||||||
| Umar Wirahadikusumah | ||||||||
| Sudharmono | ||||||||
| Try Sutrisno | ||||||||
| B. J. Habibie | ||||||||
| Seized power from Sukarno through Supersemar in 1966. Declared a New Order military dictatorship. Dismantled the Indonesian Communist Party and oversaw the mass murder and imprisonment of thousands of suspected communists throughout the archipelago. Ended Konfrontasi and initiated friendly relationships with neighbouring countries of Malaysia and Singapore, and Indonesia became a founding member of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations and the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation. Severed ties with China and other communist countries in the region. Annexed East Timor. Incorporated Western New Guinea into Indonesia. Oversaw great economic and infrastructural development, but rampant corruption within the bureaucracy and government. Resigned following the collapse of the Indonesian economy during the 1997 Asian financial crisis and the 1998 riots. | ||||||||
| 3 | 
|
B. J. Habibie (1936–2019) |
21 May 1998 | 20 October 1999 | 1 year,
150 days |
Golkar | Vacant | |
| First, and to date the only, president who hailed from outside of Java. Took power following Suharto's resignation. Oversaw Indonesia's democratic transition. East Timor declared independence from Indonesia. Released thousands of political prisoners. Decided not to run for a full term. | ||||||||
| 4 | 
|
Abdurrahman Wahid (1940–2009) |
20 October 1999 | 23 July 2001 | 1 year,
276 days |
National Awakening Party | Vacant (20–21 October 1999) | |
| Megawati Sukarnoputri | ||||||||
| 1999 – 54.37% | ||||||||
| Head of Nahdlatul Ulama. Term embroiled by a number of scandals and corruption cases. Abolished all remaining legal discrimination against Chinese Indonesians. Attempts to reform the military and remove its political power were not taken kindly by military actors. Attempted to dissolve parliament, but was eventually impeached by parliament. | ||||||||
| 5 | 
|
Megawati Sukarnoputri (born 1947) |
23 July 2001 | 20 October 2004 | 3 years,
89 days |
Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle | Vacant (23–26 July 2001) | |
| Hamzah Haz | ||||||||
| The first female president of Indonesia. Daughter of Sukarno. Came to power following the impeachment of Abdurrahman Wahid. Presided during a period of economic growth. Bali was attacked by a major bombing in 2002 by Jemaah Islamiyah. Lost the 2004 presidential election to her former Coordinating Minister of Politics and Security. | ||||||||
| 6 | 
|
Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono (born 1949) |
20 October 2004 | 20 October 2014 | 10 years | Democratic Party | Jusuf Kalla | |
| Boediono | ||||||||
| 2004 – 60.62% 2009 – 60.80% | ||||||||
| The first president to be directly elected by popular vote. Parts of Sumatra were devastated by the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami. Jemaah Islamiyah severely weakened following efforts by Detachment 88. Indonesia classified part of MINT and became a member of the G-20. Elected to a second term in 2009. Indonesia formed the Bali Democracy Forum and became a founding member of the Open Government Partnership. Presided over consistent economic growth. During his second term, the Democratic Party suffered a number of corruption scandals. | ||||||||
| 7 | 
|
Joko Widodo (born 1961) |
20 October 2014 | Incumbent | 4 years,
254 days |
Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle | Jusuf Kalla | |
| Ma'ruf Amin (elect) | ||||||||
| 2014 – 53.15% 2019 – 55.50% | ||||||||
| The first president not to have emerged from the country’s political elite or to have been an army general.[2] | ||||||||
References
[change | change source]- ↑ Sukarno transferred key presidential powers to Suharto on 11 March 1966 in a vaguely worded letter of authority known as Supersemar and surrender his powers on 22 February 1967 but he was not formally relieved of his presidential title by the provisional parliament until 12 March 1967.
- ↑ Joko Widodo, Populist Governor, Is Named Winner in Indonesian Presidential Vote, New York Times, 22 July 2014
