Rashidun Caliphate

Rashidun Caliphate
Rashidun Caliphate
632–661
	The Rashidun Caliphate at its greatest extent, under Caliph Uthman, c. 654
Capital	Medina (632–656); Kufa (656–661)
Common languages	Classical Arabic
Religion	Islam
Government	Caliphate
Caliph
• 632–634	Abu Bakr (first)
• 634–644	Umar
• 644–656	Uthman
• 656–661	Ali
History
• Established	8 June 632
• Disestablished	28 July 661
Currency	Dinar ; Dirham
Preceded by	Succeeded by
	Muhammad in Medina
	Byzantine Empire
	Sasanian Empire
	Exarchate of Africa
	Pre-Islamic Arabia
	Ghassanids
Umayad Caliphate
	Amir al-Mu'minin (أمير المؤمنين‎), Caliph (خليفة‎)

Rashidun Caliphate was the Caliphate established following the death of the Prophet Muhammad. It started in 632 AD (11 AH) and continued till 661 AD (41 AH). In order, the Rashidun (Arabic for "Rightly Guided") Caliphs were: Abu Bakr, Umar, Uthman , and Ali.^[1] Within 3 decades of it's establishment, the Caliphate expanded from a small nation in the city of Medina, into the largest and one of the most powerful empires in the world at the time. The caliphate was followed by the Umayyad dynasty.^[2]^[3]^[4]

Campaigns

The first general of the empire was Khalid ibn al-Walid. Some of his campaigns were against: the Persian Empire (633-634), and the Byzantine Empire (634-638).

References

↑ "Rashidun | History, Caliphs, & Facts | Britannica". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 15 May 2026.
↑ "Atlas of Islamic Civilizations". atlas-islamic-civilizations.replit.app. Retrieved 15 May 2026.
↑ "Rashidun | History, Caliphs, & Facts | Britannica". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 15 May 2026.
↑ Kader, Mehdi Kurgan (2025), Heuser, Beatrice; Duyvesteyn, Isabelle (eds.), "The Rashidun, Umayyad (661–750) and Abbasid (750–1258) Caliphates", The Cambridge History of Strategy: Volume 1: From Antiquity to the American War of Independence, The Cambridge History of Strategy, vol. 1, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 204–225, ISBN 978-1-108-47995-0, retrieved 15 May 2026

Notes

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[1] "Rashidun | History, Caliphs, & Facts | Britannica". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 15 May 2026.

[2] "Atlas of Islamic Civilizations". atlas-islamic-civilizations.replit.app. Retrieved 15 May 2026.

[3] "Rashidun | History, Caliphs, & Facts | Britannica". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 15 May 2026.

[4] Kader, Mehdi Kurgan (2025), Heuser, Beatrice; Duyvesteyn, Isabelle (eds.), "The Rashidun, Umayyad (661–750) and Abbasid (750–1258) Caliphates", The Cambridge History of Strategy: Volume 1: From Antiquity to the American War of Independence, The Cambridge History of Strategy, vol. 1, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 204–225, ISBN 978-1-108-47995-0, retrieved 15 May 2026

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