Symphony No. 3 (Mahler)
| Symphony No. 3 | |
|---|---|
| by Gustav Mahler | |
 Mahler in 1898 | |
| Key | D minor |
| Composed | 1896: Steinbach |
| Published | 1898
|
| Movements | 6 |
| Premiere | |
| Date | 9 June 1902 |
| Location | Krefeld |
| Conductor | Gustav Mahler |
| Performers | Orchester des Allgemeines Deutschen Musikvereins |
The Symphony No. 3 in D minor is a piece of orchestral music by Gustav Mahler. The composer started to write the symphony in 1893 but mostly worked on it in 1895.[1] The work was finished in 1896.[2] The work has six movements and is the longest piece of music Mahler wrote. It takes 90 to 105 minutes to play.[3]
Instrumentation
[change | change source]The symphony is was written for a large orchestra, with:
|
|
Form
[change | change source]
The symphony has six parts, also called movements. They are:
- Kräftig. Entschieden (Strong and decisive) D minor to F major
- Tempo di Menuetto Sehr mässig (In the tempo of a minuet, very moderate) A major
- Comodo (Scherzando) Ohne Hast (Comfortable (Scherzo), without haste) C minor to C major
- Sehr langsam—Misterioso (Very slowly, mysteriously) D major
- Lustig im Tempo und keck im Ausdruck (Cheerful in tempo and cheeky in expression) F major
- Langsam—Ruhevoll—Empfunden (Slowly, tranquil, deeply felt) D major
References
[change | change source]- ↑ Walter, Bruno; Tanner, Michael (26 November 2017). Gustav Mahler. p. 32.
- ↑ Constantin Floros, Gustav Mahler: The Symphonies, translated by Vernon Wicker (Portland, Oregon: Amadeus Press, 1993) ISBN 1-57467-025-5.
- ↑ Hogstad, Emily E. (2023-07-29). "5 of the Longest Symphonies Ever Composed". Retrieved 2026-02-16.
Other reading
[change | change source]- Barham, Jeremy. 1998. "Mahler's Third Symphony and the Philosophy of Gustav Fechner: Interdisciplinary Approaches to Criticism, Analysis, and Interpretation". Ph.D. thesis. University of Surrey.
- Filler, Susan M. 1976. "Editorial Problems in Symphonies of Gustav Mahler: A Study of the Sources of the Third and Tenth". PhD diss. Evanston: Northwestern University.
- Franklin, Peter. 1977. "The Gestation of Mahler's Third Symphony". Music & Letters 58:439–446.
- Franklin, Peter. 1999. "A Stranger's Story: Programmes, Politics, and Mahler's Third Symphony". In The Mahler Companion, edited by Donald Mitchell and Andrew Nicholson, 171–186. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-816376-3 (cloth) ISBN 978-0-19-924965-7 (pbk).
- Franklin, Peter. 1991. Mahler: Symphony No. 3. Cambridge Music Handbooks. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-37947-2.
- Johnson, Steven Philip. 1989. "Thematic and Tonal Processes in Mahler's Third Symphony". Ph.D. diss. Los Angeles: University of California, Los Angeles.
- La Grange, Henry-Louis de. 1995. Gustav Mahler, vol. 3: "Triumph and Disillusion (1904–1907)", revised edition. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-315160-4.
- Hurwitz, David. "The Mahler Symphonies, An Owner's Manual." Amadeus Press, pp. 31–32.
- Micznik, Vera. 2005. "'Ways of Telling' in Mahler's Music: The Third Symphony as Narrative Text", In Perspectives on Gustav Mahler, edited by Jeremy Barham, 295–344. Aldershot, Hants: Ashgate Publishers. ISBN 9780754607090.
- Pavlović, Milijana. 2010. "Return to Steinbach: An Unknown Sketch of Mahler's Third Symphony". Il Saggiatore Musicale 17:43–52.
- Reilly, Edward R. 1986. A Re-examination of the Manuscripts of Mahler's Third Symphony. In Colloque International Gustav Mahler: 25, 26, 27 janvier 1985, edited by Henry-Louis de La Grange, 62–72. Paris: Association Gustav Mahler.
- Vernon, David (2022). Beauty and Sadness: Mahler's 11 Symphonies. Edinburgh: Candle Row Press. ISBN 978-1739659905.
- Williamson, John. 1980. Mahler's Compositional Process: Reflections on an Early Sketch for the Third Symphony's First Movement. Music & Letters 61:338–345.
Other websites
[change | change source]- Symphony No. 3 (Mahler): Scores at the International Music Score Library Project