Table of keyboard shortcuts

Action	Windows	macOS^[1]	KDE / GNOME	Emacs	Vim	Chrome OS
File menu	`Alt`+`F`, or `F10` then `F`	`Ctrl`+`F2`, then `F`^[2]	`Alt`+`F`	`Meta`+`, then `f`	`Alt`+`f` (gvim) or `Ctrl`+`e` (vim + NERDTree)	`Ctrl`+`O`
Edit menu	`Alt`+`E`	`Ctrl`+`F2`, then `E`^[2]	`Alt`+`E`	`Meta`+`, then `e`	`Alt`+`e` (gvim)
View menu	`Alt`+`V`	`Ctrl`+`F2`, then `V`^[2]	`Alt`+`V`
Undo the last operation	`Ctrl`+`Z`, or `Alt`+`Backspace`	`⌘ Cmd`+`Z`	`Ctrl`+`Z`	`Ctrl`+`x`, then `u` or `Ctrl`+`/` or `Ctrl`+`_` or `Undo`	`u`	`Ctrl`+`Z`
Redo the last operation	`Ctrl`+`Y`, or `Shift`+`Alt`+`Backspace`	`⇧ Shift`+`⌘ Cmd`+`Z`	`⇧ Shift`+`Ctrl`+`Z`, or `Ctrl`+`Y`	Same as undo, when undo is exhausted, it redoes. Move the cursor after one or more undos, and further undos will be redos.	`Ctrl`+`r`	`Ctrl`+`⇧ Shift`+`Z`
Cut the selection and store it in the clipboard	`Ctrl`+`X`, or `⇧ Shift`+`Del`	`⌘ Cmd`+`X`	`Ctrl`+`X`	`Ctrl`+`w`	`x` or `"ax` to cut in register "a" or `"+x` to cut in system clipboard	`Ctrl`+`X`
Copy the selection into the clipboard	`Ctrl`+`C`, or `Ctrl`+`Ins`	`⌘ Cmd`+`C`	`Ctrl`+`C`	`Meta`+`w`, or `Ctrl`+`Ins`	`y` or `"ay` or `"+y`	`Ctrl`+`C`
Paste contents of clipboard at cursor	`Ctrl`+`V`,or `⇧ Shift`+`Ins`	`⌘ Cmd`+`V`	`Ctrl`+`V`	`Ctrl`+`y`, or `⇧ Shift`+`Ins`	`p` or `"ap` to paste the content of the "a" register or `"+p` to paste the content of the system clipboard	`Ctrl`+`V`
Paste special		`Shift`+`Opt`+`Cmd`+`V`	`Ctrl`+`⇧ Shift`+`V`	`Meta`+`y`	`Ctrl`+`⇧ Shift`+`V`	`Ctrl`+`⇧ Shift`+`V`
Select all in focused control or window	`Ctrl`+`A`	`⌘ Cmd`+`A`	`Ctrl`+`A`	`Ctrl`+`x`, then `h`	`ggVG`, unlikely ever needed as most commands take an optional range parameter. `%` means "all in focused windows" here so e.g. to copy all the text, use `:%y`	`Ctrl`+`A`
Cycle through installed keyboard languages / input methods	`⇧ Shift`+`Alt`, or `⊞ Win`+`Space` The latter displays a menu with the currently selected input method highlighted, and debuted in Windows 8.	`Cmd`+`Space` (not MBR) Configure desired keypress in Keyboard and Mouse Preferences, Keyboard Shortcuts, Select the next source in Input menu..^[3]	`Ctrl`+`Alt`+`K` via KDE Keyboard `⇧ Shift`+`Alt` in GNOME	`Ctrl`+`\`		`Ctrl`+`Space`
Print	`Ctrl`+`P`	`⌘ Cmd`+`P`	`Ctrl`+`P`

Action	Windows	macOS^[1]	KDE/GNOME	Chrome OS
New browser window with same page as current	`Ctrl`+`N` (for Internet Explorer, Google Chrome and Chromium, Mozilla Firefox)	`⌘ Cmd`+`T`	`Ctrl`+`N`
New folder	`Ctrl`+`⇧ Shift`+`N`	`⇧ Shift`+`⌘ Cmd`+`N`	`Ctrl`+`⇧ Shift`+`N`
Applications menu	`⊞ Win` or `Ctrl`+`Esc`	`Ctrl`+`F2`, then `"n"`^[2]	`Alt`+`<letter>` e.g. for File `Alt`+`F`	`Search`
Lock desktop	`⊞ Win`+`L`^[4]	`Ctrl`+`⌘ Cmd`+`Q`^[5] (macOS High Sierra and newer) or `Ctrl`+`⇧ Shift`+`Eject` or MBR `Ctrl`+`⇧ Shift`+`Pwr` (If "Require password after sleep or screen saver" is enabled in "System Preferences — Security & Privacy")	`Ctrl`+`Alt`+`L`	`Power` (Hold for 3 seconds)
Show desktop	`⊞ Win`+`D`	`F11`	`Ctrl`+`Alt`+`D`
Minimize all windows	`⊞ Win`+`M`, then use `⊞ Win`+`⇧ Shift`+`M` to bring back all windows		`Ctrl`+`Super`+`D`
Log out user		`⇧ Shift`+`⌘ Cmd`+`Q`	`Ctrl`+`Alt`+`Delete`	`Ctrl`+`⇧ Shift`+`Q` (Twice)
Switch active user	`⊞ Win`+`L`^[6]
Task manager	`Ctrl`+`⇧ Shift`+`Esc`, `Ctrl`+`Alt`+`Delete`^[7]	`⌥ Opt`+`⌘ Cmd`+`Esc`	`Ctrl`+`Esc`	`Search`+`Esc`
Rename object	`F2`	`↵ Enter`^[8] or `F2`	`F2`
Open file or program	`↵ Enter` or `⇧ Shift`+`↵ Enter`	`⌘ Cmd`+`O` or `⌘ Cmd`+`↓`	`↵ Enter`
Switch window (next/previous)	`Alt`+`Tab ↹` / `⇧ Shift`+`Alt`+`Tab ↹`	`⌘ Cmd`+`Tab ↹` / `⇧ Shift`+`⌘ Cmd`+`Tab ↹`	`Ctrl`+`Tab ↹` / `Ctrl`+`⇧ Shift`+`Tab ↹`	Hold `Alt`, then quickly press `Tab ↹`
Switch window without dialog (next/previous)	`Alt`+`Esc` / `⇧ Shift`+`Alt`+`Esc`	Only works within single Applications `⌘ Cmd`+` / `⌘ Cmd`+`~`	`Ctrl`+`Esc` / `⇧ Shift`+`Ctrl`+`Esc`
Run application	`⊞ Win`, enter executable name or `⊞ Win`+`R`, enter executable name	`⌘ Cmd`+`Space`, enter executable name or `⌘ Cmd`+`↓`	`Alt`+`F2`, enter executable name
Search	`⊞ Win`, enter executable name or `⊞ Win`+`S` or `F3`	`⌘ Cmd`+`Space`		`Search`
Show Hidden Files		`⇧ Shift`+`⌘ Cmd`+`.`, while in Finder, will toggle setting

Action	Windows	macOS	KDE / GNOME	Chrome OS
Place computer into sleep/standby mode	Windows 10: `⊞ Win`+`x` > `u` > `s` Windows 7: `⊞ Win`+`→`+`→`+`↵ Enter` `Sleep` (available on some keyboards)	`⌥ Opt`+`⌘ Cmd`+`Eject`	`Sleep` (available on some keyboards, configurable in Control Panel ➢ Power Options ➢ Advanced tab dialog box)
Task manager/Force quit	`Ctrl`+`⇧ Shift`+`Esc`	`⌘ Cmd`+`⌥ Opt`+`Esc`		`Search`+`Esc`
Shut down computer	Windows 10: `⊞ Win`+`x` > `u` > `u`	`Ctrl`+`⌥ Opt`+`⌘ Cmd`+`Eject` (no confirmation, shutdown is immediate)	`Ctrl`+`Alt`+`⇧ Shift`+`PageDown` (KDE; no confirmation, shutdown is immediate)	`Power` (Hold for 10 seconds)
Restart computer	Windows 10: `⊞ Win`+`x` > `u` > `r` Windows 7: `⊞ Win`+`→`+`→`+`↑`+`↵ Enter`	`Ctrl`+`⌘ Cmd`+`Eject`^[9] or `Ctrl`+`⌘ Cmd`+`Power` (no confirmation, restart is immediate)	`Ctrl`+`Alt`+`⇧ Shift`+`PageUp` (KDE; no confirmation, restart is immediate)
Place display in sleep mode		`Ctrl`+`⇧ Shift`+`Eject`
Bring up power/sleep dialog box		`Ctrl`+`Eject`
Force shutdown	`Power` (Hold for several seconds)	`⌥ Opt`+`⌘ Cmd`+`Eject`		`refresh`+`power`

Action	Windows	macOS	KDE / GNOME
Save screenshot of entire screen as file	`⊞ Win`+`Print Screen`	`⇧ Shift`+`⌘ Cmd`+`3`^[10]	`Print Screen` set the name and click "Save". GNOME Shell^[11]
Copy screenshot of entire screen to clipboard	`⊞ Win`+`Print Screen` or `Print Screen`	`Ctrl`+`⇧ Shift`+`⌘ Cmd`+`3`	`Ctrl`+`Print Screen`
Copy screenshot of active window to clipboard	`Alt`+`Print Screen`		`Ctrl`+`Alt`+`Print Screen`
Save screenshot of window as file		`⇧ Shift`+`⌘ Cmd`+`4` then `Space` then move mouse and click	`Alt`+`Print Screen` set the name and click "Save". GNOME^[11]
Save screenshot of arbitrary area as file		`⇧ Shift`+`⌘ Cmd`+`4` then click+drag mouse over required area	`⇧ Shift`+`Print Screen` set the name and click "Save". GNOME^[11]
Copy screenshot of window to clipboard		`Ctrl`+`⇧ Shift`+`⌘ Cmd`+`4` then `Space` then move mouse and click	`Alt`+`Print Screen` click "Copy to Clipboard". GNOME^[11]
Copy screenshot of arbitrary area to clipboard	Windows 10: `⊞ Win`+`⇧ Shift`+`S`	`Ctrl`+`⇧ Shift`+`⌘ Cmd`+`4` then click+drag mouse over required area	`⇧ Shift`+`Print Screen` click "Copy to Clipboard". GNOME^[11]
Screencasting			`Ctrl`+`⇧ Shift`+`Alt`+`R`^[12]^[13]
Screenshot Utility		OSX Mojave: `⇧ Shift`+`⌘ Cmd`+`5`^[14]

Action	Windows	macOS^[1]	KDE / GNOME	Emacs	Vim	Chrome OS
Delete char to the right of cursor	`Del` or `Fn`+`← Backspace`	`Del` or `Fn`+`← Backspace`	`Del`	`Ctrl`+`d`	`x`	`Alt`+`← Backspace` or `Del`
Delete word to the right of cursor	`Ctrl`+`Del`	`⌥ Opt`+`Del` or `⌥ Opt`+`Fn`+`← Backspace`	`Ctrl`+`Del`	`Meta`+`d`	`dw` (delete space too)or `de` (keep space)
Delete word to the left of cursor	`Ctrl`+`← Backspace`	`⌥ Opt`+`← Backspace`	`Ctrl`+`← Backspace`	`Ctrl`+`← Backspace` or `Meta`+`← Backspace`	`dge` (delete space too)or `db` (keep space)	`← Backspace`
Go to start of line	`Home` or `Fn`+`←`	`⌘ Cmd`+`←` or `Ctrl`+`A`	`Home`	`Ctrl`+`a` or `Home`	`^` (go to first non-space) or `0` (go to column 0)
Go to end of line	`End` or `Fn`+`→`	`⌘ Cmd`+`→` or `Ctrl`+`E`	`End`	`Ctrl`+`e` or `End`	`$`
Go to start of document	`Ctrl`+`Home`	`⌘ Cmd`+`↑`	`Ctrl`+`Home`	`Meta`+`<` or `Ctrl`+`Home`	`gg`	`Ctrl`+`search`+`←`
Go to end of document	`Ctrl`+`End`	`⌘ Cmd`+`↓`	`Ctrl`+`End`	`Meta`+`>` or `Ctrl`+`End`	`G`	`Ctrl`+`search`+`→`
Go to previous word	`Ctrl`+`←` or `Ctrl`+`/`	`⌥ Opt`+`←`	`Ctrl`+`←`	`Meta`+`b` or `Ctrl`+`←` or `Meta`+`←`	`b` or `ge`
Go to next word	`Ctrl`+`→`	`⌥ Opt`+`→`	`Ctrl`+`→`	`Meta`+`f` or `Ctrl`+`→` or `Meta`+`→`	`w` or `e`
Go to previous line	`↑`	`↑` or `Ctrl`+`p`	`↑`	`Ctrl`+`p` or `↑`	`k` or `↑`
Go to next line	`↓`	`↓` or `Ctrl`+`n`	`↓`	`Ctrl`+`n` or `↓`	`j` or `↓`
Go to previous line break (paragraph)	`Ctrl`+`↑`	`⌥ Opt`+`↑`	`Ctrl`+`↑` (kword or GNOME)	`Meta`+`(` or `Control`+`↑`	`(`
Go to next line break	`Ctrl`+`↓`	`⌥ Opt`+`↓`	`Ctrl`+`↓` (kword or GNOME)	`Meta`+`}` or `Control`+`↓`	`)`
Move the cursor down the length of the viewport	`Page Down`	`⌥ Opt`+`⇟` or `⌥ Opt`+`Fn`+`↓`	`Page Down`	`Ctrl`+`v` or `Page Down`	`Ctrl`+`f` or `Page Down`
Move the cursor up the length of the viewport	`Page Up`	`⌥ Opt`+`⇞` or `⌥ Opt`+`Fn`+`↑`	`Page Up`	`Meta`+`v` or `Page Up`	`Ctrl`+`b` or `Page Up`
Find	`Ctrl`+`F`	`⌘ Cmd`+`F` `⌘ Cmd`+`E` (Search with current selection)	`Ctrl`+`F` `Ctrl`+`K` (GNOME; interactive search)	`Ctrl`+`s`	`/`	`Ctrl`+`F`
Go to next search result	`F3`	`⌘ Cmd`+`G`	`Ctrl`+`G` (GNOME) or `F3` (KDE)^[15]	`Ctrl`+`s`	`n`
Go to previous search result	`⇧ Shift`+`F3`	`⇧ Shift`+`⌘ Cmd`+`G`	`⇧ Shift`+`Ctrl`+`G` (GNOME) or `⇧ Shift`+`F3` (KDE)^[15]	`Ctrl`+`r`	`N`
Search and replace	`Ctrl`+`H`	`⌘ Cmd`+`F`	`Ctrl`+`H` (GNOME) or `Ctrl`+`R` (KDE)	`Meta`+`%`	`%s/fosh/fish/gc`^[16]
Search with a regular expression				`Ctrl`+`Meta`+`s`	All searches use regular expressions.
Search and replace with a regular expression				`Ctrl`+`Meta`+`%`	All searches use regular expressions.

Action	Windows WordPad	macOS^[1]	KDE / GNOME^[17]	Emacs	Vim
Bold	`Ctrl`+`B`	`⌘ Cmd`+`B`	`Ctrl`+`B`	`Meta`+`o`, then `b`
Underline	`Ctrl`+`U`	`⌘ Cmd`+`U`	`Ctrl`+`U`	`Meta`+`o`, then `u`
Italic	`Ctrl`+`I`	`⌘ Cmd`+`I`	`Ctrl`+`I`	`Meta`+`o`, then `i`
Uppercase / Lowercase	`Ctrl`+`⇧ Shift`+`A`	`⌥ Opt`+`⌘ Cmd`+`C`	`⇧ Shift`+`F3`	`Meta`+`u` for upper, `Meta`+`l` for lower, `Meta`+`c` for capitalized.	`gU` for upper, `gu` for lower, `~` to toggle.
Superscript	`Ctrl`+`⇧ Shift`+`=`	`Ctrl`+`⌘ Cmd`+`+` (some applications only)	`Ctrl`+`⇧ Shift`+`P`^[18]
Subscript	`Ctrl`+`=`	`Ctrl`+`⌘ Cmd`+`-` (some applications only)	`Ctrl`+`⇧ Shift`+`B`^[18]
Selected text larger/smaller	`Ctrl`+`⇧ Shift`+`>`, `Ctrl`+`⇧ Shift`+`<` or `Ctrl`+`[`, `Ctrl/core`+`]`	`⌥ Opt`+`⇧ Shift`+`>` `⌥ Opt`+`⇧ Shift`+`<`
Selected text Bullets or Numbered Items	`Ctrl`+`⇧ Shift`+`L`
Insert Linebreak	`Ctrl`+`↵ Enter`	`⌥ Opt`+`↵ Enter`^[8]	`Ctrl`+`↵ Enter`

Action	Windows	macOS	KDE / GNOME	Chrome OS
Go to Address Bar	`Alt`+`D` or `Alt`+`C` or `F6` depending on language	`⌘ Cmd`+`L` or `⇧ Shift`+`⌘ Cmd`+`G`	`Ctrl`+`L` or `Alt`+`D` or `F6`	`Ctrl`+`L` or `Alt`+`D`
Go to the previous location in history	`Alt`+`←` or `← Backspace`	`⌘ Cmd`+`[` or `⌘ Cmd`+`←`	`Alt`+`←`	`←`
Go to the next location in history	`Alt`+`→` or `⇧ Shift`+`← Backspace` (web browser only)	`⌘ Cmd`+`]` or `⌘ Cmd`+`→`	`Alt`+`→`	`→`
Go up one level in the navigation hierarchy	`Alt`+`↑` (Vista, 7 or 8 only) or `← Backspace` (Windows Explorer)	`⌘ Cmd`+`↑`	`Alt`+`↑`
Go to the starting page defined by the user or application	`Alt`+`Home`	`⌘ Cmd`+`Home`	`Ctrl`+`Home` (KDE) / `Alt`+`Home` (GNOME)

Action	Windows	macOS	KDE / GNOME	Emacs-w3m	Vimperator	Chrome OS
Bookmarks menu	`Ctrl`+`B`	`⌘ Cmd`+`B` (Firefox)	`Alt`+`B`	`v`	`:bmarks`
URL Shortcuts (Adds www. + .com)	`↵ Enter`	`⌘ Cmd`+`↵ Enter`^[8] (Firefox) or `Ctrl`+`↵ Enter`^[8] (Chrome)	`Ctrl`+`↵ Enter`			`Ctrl`+`↵ Enter`
URL Shortcuts (Adds www. + .org)	`Ctrl`+`⇧ Shift`+`↵ Enter`	`⇧ Shift`+`⌘ Cmd`+`↵ Enter`^[8] (Firefox)	`Ctrl`+`⇧ Shift`+`↵ Enter`
URL Shortcuts (Adds www. + .net)	`⇧ Shift`+`↵ Enter`	`⇧ Shift`+`↵ Enter`^[8] (Firefox)	`⇧ Shift`+`↵ Enter`
Add bookmark for current page	`Ctrl`+`D`	`⌘ Cmd`+`D`	`Ctrl`+`B` / `Ctrl`+`D`	`a`	`:bmark`	`Ctrl`+`D`
Add bookmark for current link				`Meta`+`a`
Manage bookmarks	`Ctrl`+`B`	`⌘ Cmd`+`⌥ Opt`+`B` (Chrome/Safari) or `⌘ Cmd`+`⇧ Shift`+`B` (Firefox)	`Ctrl`+`⇧ Shift`+`R` / `Ctrl`+`B`
Focus and select Web search bar	`Ctrl`+`E`	`⌘ Cmd`+`E` (Opera) or `⌘ Cmd`+`K` (Firefox) or `⌥ Opt`+`⌘ Cmd`+`F` (Safari)	`Ctrl`+`k`		`t` (open in a new tab) or `T` (open in current tab)	`Ctrl`+`E` or `Ctrl`+`K`
Focus and select address bar	`Ctrl`+`L` or `F6` or `Alt`+`D`	`⌘ Cmd`+`L`	`Ctrl`+`L` or `Alt`+`D` or `F6`	`g`	`O` to alter URL, use `y` to copy it.	`Ctrl`+`L` or `Alt`+`D`
Refresh a webpage	`F5` or `Ctrl`+`R`	`⌘ Cmd`+`R`	`F5` or `Ctrl`+`R`	`R`	`r`	`⟲` or `Ctrl`+`R`
Refresh a webpage ignoring cache	`Ctrl`+`F5` or `Ctrl`+`⇧ Shift`+`R`	`⌥ Opt`+`⌘ Cmd`+`E` then `⌘ Cmd`+`R`	`Ctrl`+`⇧ Shift`+`F5` or `Ctrl`+`⇧ Shift`+`R`		`R`	`Ctrl`+`⇧ Shift`+`R`
Open a new window	`Ctrl`+`N`	`⌘ Cmd`+`N` (Chrome)	`Ctrl`+`N`		`:winopen`	`Ctrl`+`N`
Zoom Options (zoom in / zoom out / zoom 100%)	`Ctrl`+`+` / `Ctrl`+`-` / `Ctrl`+`0`	`⌘ Cmd`+`+` / `⌘ Cmd`+`-` / `⌘ Cmd`+`0`	`Ctrl`+`+` / `Ctrl`+`-` / `Ctrl`+`0`		`zi` / `zo` / `zz` (text only) or `zI` / `zO` / `zZ` (text and images)

Action	Windows	macOS	KDE / GNOME	Emacs-w3m	Vimperator	Chrome OS
New tab	`Ctrl`+`T`	`⌘ Cmd`+`T`	`Ctrl`+`⇧ Shift`+`N` or `Ctrl`+`⇧ Shift`+`T` or `Ctrl`+`T`	`Ctrl`+`c`, then `Ctrl`+`t`	`t`	`Ctrl`+`T`
Close tab	`Ctrl`+`W`	`⌘ Cmd`+`W`	`Ctrl`+`W` Mozilla Firefox^[19] & Opera^[20] & Chrome^[21] & Arora^[22] & Epiphany^[23] & Midori `Ctrl`+`F4` Mozilla Firefox^[19] & Opera^[20] & Chrome^[21] & Arora^[22]		`d`	`Ctrl`+`W`
Close all tabs but the current one		`⌘ Cmd`+`⌥ Opt`+`T` (Safari)		`Ctrl`+`c`, then `Meta`+`w`
Go to next tab	`Ctrl`+`Tab ↹`	`Ctrl`+`Tab ↹` or `⌘ Cmd`+`⇧ Shift`+`→` (Safari)	`Ctrl`+`PageDown` or `Ctrl`+`Tab ↹` or `Ctrl`+`.`	`Ctrl`+`c`, then `Ctrl`+`n`	`gt`	`Ctrl`+`Tab ↹`
Go to previous tab	`Ctrl`+`⇧ Shift`+`Tab ↹`	`⇧ Shift`+`Ctrl`+`Tab ↹` or `⌘ Cmd`+`⇧ Shift`+`←` (Safari)	`Ctrl`+`PageUp` or `Ctrl`+`⇧ Shift`+`Tab ↹` or `Ctrl`+`,`	`Ctrl`+`c`, then `Ctrl`+`p`	`gT`	`Ctrl`+`⇧ Shift`+`Tab ↹`
Go to tab-n	`Ctrl`+`n` (Chrome, Firefox, Internet Explorer)	`⌘ Cmd`+`n` (Chrome)	`Alt`+`n` (Chrome, Firefox) or `Ctrl`+`n` (Chrome)		First tab: `g0` Last tab: `g$`	`Ctrl`+`b`
Open a previously closed tab	`Ctrl`+`⇧ Shift`+`T`	`⌘ Cmd`+`⇧ Shift`+`T` (Firefox, Opera, Chrome)	`Ctrl`+`⇧ Shift`+`T` (Firefox, Opera, Chrome)^[21]^[24]^[25]	`Ctrl`+`⇧ Shift`+`T` (Firefox)^[24]	`u`	`Ctrl`+`⇧ Shift`+`T`
Open a previously closed window	`Ctrl`+`⇧ Shift`+`N` (Firefox)^[24]					`Ctrl`+`⇧ Shift`+`T`


Action	Windows	macOS^[1]	KDE	GNOME	Emacs	Chrome OS
Close the current internet tab	`Ctrl`+`W`	`⌘ Cmd`+`F11`				`Ctrl`+`W`
Force window mode (Application requires functionality for set action)	`Alt`+`↵ Enter`	`⌥ Opt`+`Alt`+`↵ Enter`^[8] or `⌥ Option`+`Alt`+`F` or `⌘ Cmd`+`F` or `⌘ Cmd`+`⌥ Option`+`F`
Pop up window menu	`Alt`+`Space`		`Alt`+`F3`	`Alt`+`Space`	`Meta`+`, then `b`
Close the focused window	`Alt`+`F4` or `Alt`+`Space` then `C`^[26]	`⌘ Cmd`+`W`	`Alt`+`F4`	`Alt`+`F4`	`Ctrl`+`x`, then `k`	`Ctrl`+`W`
Close all windows of current application		`⌘ Cmd`+`⌥ Opt`+`W`				`Ctrl`+`⇧ Shift`+`W`
Restore the focused window to its previous size	`Alt`+`Space` then `R`^[26]		`Alt`+`F3` then `X`	`Alt`+`F5`	`Ctrl`+`x`, then `r`, then `j`, then letter of the window state register.
Move the focused window	`Alt`+`Space` then `M`^[26] then `Arrow Keys` and `↵ Enter` (to save new location)		`Alt`+Mouse / `Alt`+`F3` then `M` then `Arrow Keys`	`Alt`+Mouse / `Alt`+`F7` then `Arrow Keys`
Resize the focused window	`Alt`+`Space` then `S`^[26] then `Arrow Keys` and `↵ Enter` (to save new size)		`Alt`+`F3` then `S` then `Arrow Keys`	`Alt`+`F8` then `Arrow Keys`	`Ctrl`+`x`, then `^` vertically
Keep window always on top	`Ctrl`+`Alt`+`Esc` (toggles on/off)
Hide the focused window		`⌘ Cmd`+`H`			`Meta`+`x`, then bury-buffer, then `↵ Enter`
Hide all except the focused window		`⌘ Cmd`+`⌥ Option`+`H`
Minimize the focused window	`Alt`+`Esc`
Minimize the focused window	`Alt`+`Space` then `N`^[26] or `⊞ Win`+`↓` (Windows Vista Home Premium, Windows >=7)	`⌘ Cmd`+`M`	`Alt`+`F3` then `N`	`Alt`+`F9`	`Meta`+`x`, then bury-buffer, then `↵ Enter`	`Alt`+`-`
Maximize the focused window	`Alt`+`Space` then `X`^[26] or `⊞ Win`+`↑` (Windows 7, 8, 10)	`⌘ Cmd`+`L`	`Alt`+`F3` then `X`	`Alt`+`F10`	`Ctrl`+`x`, then `1`	`Alt`+`+`
Maximize horizontally			Available, but no default	Available, but no default
Maximize vertically	`⊞ Win`+`⇧ Shift`+`↑` (Windows 7 and Windows 8)	Available ('Zoom'), but no default	Available, but no default	Available, but no default
Minimize all	`⊞ Win`+`M` or `⊞ Win`+`D`	`⌘ Cmd`+`Alt`+`M`	Available, but no default	`Ctrl`+`Alt`+`D`
Minimize all non focused windows	`⊞ Win`+`Home` (Windows 7, 8.1, 10)		Available, but no default
Undo minimize all	`⇧ Shift`+`⊞ Win`+`M`		Available, but no default	`Ctrl`+`Alt`+`D`
Switch fullscreen/normal size	`F11` or `⊞ Win`+`⇧ Shift`+`↵ Enter` (UWP apps only)	`⌘ Cmd`+`⇧ Shift`+`F`	`F11`	`F11`		`Fullscreen`
Show the window in full screen mode, with no border, menubar, toolbar or statusbar		Depends on application, system default: `⌘ Cmd`+`Ctrl`+`F`	`Ctrl`+`⇧ Shift`+`F`	`Ctrl`+`F11`
Rollup/down window			Available, but no default	`Alt`+`F12`
Show all open windows	`⊞ Win`+`Tab ↹`	`F3` or `F9` or `Fn`+`F9` or Move mouse pointer to configured hot corner or active screen corner^[27]^[28]		`⊞ Win` works per desktop on Gnome 3+	`Ctrl`+`x`, then `Ctrl`+`b`
Show all windows of current application	⊞ Win+Tab ↹	`Ctrl`+`F3` or `F10` or Move mouse pointer to configured hot corner or active screen corner^[27]^[28]		`Ctrl`+`	`Ctrl`+`x`, then `Ctrl`+`b`
Show all workspaces	`⊞ Win`+`Tab ↹` (only Windows 10)	`F8` or Move mouse pointer to configured hot corner or active screen corner^[27]^[28]		`⊞ Win` then mouse over the desktop bar on the right edge of the screen
Move window to left/right/up/down workspace	`⊞ Win`+`←`/`→` (Windows 7 and Windows 8)		Available, but no default	`Ctrl`+`Alt`+`⇧ Shift`+`←` / `→` / `↑` / `↓`
Move window between multiple monitors	`⊞ Win`+`⇧ Shift`+`←`/`→` (Windows 7 and Windows 8)
Move window to workspace n			Available, but no default
Switch to next/previous workspace list			Available, but no default
Go to workspace n		`Ctrl`+`n`	`Ctrl`+`Fn`
Go to left/right/up/down workspace	^[29]	`Ctrl`+`←` / `Ctrl`+`→` / `Ctrl`+`↑` / `Ctrl`+`↓` (OS X 10.5 to 10.6), `Ctrl`+`←` / `Ctrl`+`→` (OS X 10.7 and later)	Available, but no default	`Ctrl`+`Alt`+`←` / `→` / `↑` / `↓`
Quit application of current window	`Alt`+`F4` or `Ctrl`+`F4` varies^[30]	`⌘ Cmd`+`Q`^[31]	`Ctrl`+`Alt`+`Esc`		`q`	`Ctrl`+`⇧ Shift`+`W`
Close dialog	`Esc` (Laptop) `⊞ Win`+`↓`+`F4` (Desktop)	`Esc`				`Ctrl`+`⇧ Shift`+`W`
Open/Focus (preview) pinned program on the taskbar	`⊞ Win`+`(#)` where "#" is the position of the program on the Windows Taskbar (Windows 7 and Windows 8.1)					`Alt`+`(#)` where "#" is the position of the program on the Shelf
Open new program window of pinned program in Quick Launch	`⊞ Win`+`(#)` where "#" is the position of the program on the Quick Launch toolbar (Windows Vista, 7 and 8.1)	`⌘ Cmd`+`A`+`⇧ Shift`				`Alt`+`(#)` where "#" is the position of the program on the Shelf
Open new program window of the pinned program on the taskbar (if program is already opened)	`⊞ Win`+`⇧ Shift`+`(#)` where "#" is the position of the program on the Windows Taskbar (Windows 7 and Windows 8.1)					`Alt`+`(#)` where "#" is the position of the program on the Shelf
Focus the first taskbar entry; pressing again will cycle through them	`⊞ Win`+`T`, then `←→` back and forth; hold `⇧ Shift` to cycle backwards (Windows 7 and Windows 8.1)
Peek at the desktop	`⊞ Win`+`Space` (Windows 7 only) `Fn`+`⊞ Win` (Windows 8 and later)	`⌘ Cmd`+`F3` or `F11` or Move mouse pointer to configured hot corner or active screen corner^[27]^[28]
Bring gadgets to the front of the Z-order and cycle between gadgets	`⊞ Win`+`G` (Windows Vista,7) or `⊞ Win`+`Space` (Vista only, no cycling)
External display options (mirror, extend desktop, etc.)	`⊞ Win`+`P` (Windows 7, Windows 8 and Windows 10)					`Ctrl`+`Fullscreen`

Action	Windows	macOS^[1]	KDE	GNOME
Moves keyboard focus to next/previous control	`Tab ↹` / `⇧ Shift`+`Tab ↹`	`Tab ↹` / `⇧ Shift`+`Tab ↹`^[2]	`Tab ↹` / `⇧ Shift`+`Tab ↹`	`Tab ↹` / `⇧ Shift`+`Tab ↹` `Ctrl`+`Tab ↹` / `⇧ Shift`+`Ctrl`+`Tab ↹`
Pop up tooltip for currently focused control	`⇧ Shift`+`F1`			`Ctrl`+`F1`
Show context-sensitive help for currently focused window or control	`⇧ Shift`+`F1`	`⌘ Cmd`+`?`	`⇧ Shift`+`F1`	`⇧ Shift`+`F1`
Give focus to next/previous pane	`Ctrl`+`F6` / `Alt`+`F6`	`⌘ Cmd`+`		`F6` / `⇧ Shift`+`F6`
Give focus to splitter bar in paned window				`F8`
Give focus to window's menu bar	`F10` or `Alt`	`⌘ Cmd`+`⇧ Shift`+`/`, then type command name, or `Ctrl`+`F2` (or `Fn`+`Ctrl`+`F2` on some keyboards)^[2]	`Alt`	`F10`
Pop up contextual menu for currently selected objects (aka context menu)	`⇧ Shift`+`F10` or `≣ Menu`	Varies with laptop / extended keyboard type; enable Mouse keys in Universal Access, then `Fn`+`Ctrl`+`5` or `Ctrl`+`5` (numeric keypad) or `Function`+`Ctrl`+`I` (laptop)	`≣ Menu`	`≣ Menu` or `⇧ Shift`+`F10`
Toggle selected state of focused checkbox, radio button, or toggle button	`Space`	`Space`	`Space`	`Space`
Activate focused button, menu item etc.	`↵ Enter`	`Space` (also `↵ Enter`^[8] for menu items)	`↵ Enter`	`↵ Enter`
Expand a drop-down list	`F4` or `Alt`+`↓`
Select/move to first/last item in selected widget			`Home` / `End`	`Home` / `End`
Scroll selected view by one page up/left/down/right		`⇞` / `⇟` (or `Fn`+`↑` / `Fn`+`↓` on some keyboards)		`PageUp` / `Ctrl`+`PageUp` / `PageDown` / `Ctrl`+`PageDown`
Scroll selected view to top/bottom		`↖` or on MacBook Pro `Fn` + `⌥ Opt` + `↖` `↘` or on MacBook Pro `Fn` + `⌥ Opt` + `↘`
Switch focus to the next/previous tab within a window	`Ctrl`+`Tab ↹`	`Ctrl`+`Tab ↹` / `⌘ Cmd`+`		`Ctrl`+`Tab ↹` -> `Ctrl`+`⇧ Shift`+`Tab ↹` <-
Switch focus to the next/previous panel on the desktop				`Ctrl`+`Alt`+`Tab ↹` / `⇧ Shift`+`Ctrl`+`Alt`+`Tab ↹`
Switch focus to the next/previous panel (without dialog)				`Ctrl`+`Alt`+`Esc` / `⇧ Shift`+`Ctrl`+`Alt`+`Esc`

Action	Microsoft Windows (cmd.exe)	Microsoft Windows (Windows PowerShell)	Unix & -like, including macOS (bash)	Unix & -like (POSIX shell)
Scroll through History of typed commands	`↑`/`↓`	`↑`/`↓`	`↑`/`↓` or `Ctrl`+`P`/`Ctrl`+`N`	`ESC` `K` / `ESC` `J`
Signal end-of-file	`Ctrl`+`Z`		`Ctrl`+`D`
Abort current command/typing	`Ctrl`+`C`	`Ctrl`+`C`	`Ctrl`+`C`	`Ctrl`+`C`
Erase word to the left	`Ctrl`+`← Backspace`	`Ctrl`+`← Backspace`	`Ctrl`+`W` or `Esc`+`← Backspace`
Erase word to the right	`Ctrl`+`Delete`	`Ctrl`+`Delete`	`Alt`+`D`
Erase line to the left	`Ctrl`+`Home`	`Ctrl`+`Home`	`Ctrl`+`U`
Erase line to the right	`Ctrl`+`End`	`Ctrl`+`End`	`Ctrl`+`K`
Yank/paste previously erased string			`Ctrl`+`Y`
Move one word to the left (backward)	`Ctrl`+`←`	`Ctrl`+`←`	`Alt`+`B`
Move one word to the right (forward)	`Ctrl`+`→`	`Ctrl`+`→`	`Alt`+`F`
Move to beginning of line	`Home`	`Home`	`Ctrl`+`A` or `Home`
Move to end of line	`End`	`End`	`Ctrl`+`E` or `End`
Reverse search of history	`F8`	`F8`	`Ctrl`+`R`
Pause execution of the current job			`Ctrl`+`Z`
Insert the next character typed verbatim			`Ctrl`+`V`
Autocomplete command/file name	`Tab ↹` (enabled by default in Windows XP and later)	`Tab ↹`	`Tab ↹` (usually once)	`Esc` (usually twice)
Paste contents of clipboard at cursor	`Alt`+`Space` then `E`^[26] then `P`	`Ctrl`+`V`	`⇧ Shift`+`Ins`
Scroll window up	`⇧ Shift`+`PageUp` (may not work in some versions of Windows XP)	`PageUp`	`⇧ Shift`+`PageUp`
Scroll window down	`⇧ Shift`+`PageDown` (may not work in some versions of Windows XP)	`PageDown`	`⇧ Shift`+`PageDown`
Clear screen			`Ctrl`+`L`

Action	Windows	macOS	KDE	GNOME
Utility Manager	`⊞ Win`+`U`
Use keyboard to control cursor	`Left Alt`+`Left Shift`+`Numlock`			^[32]
Allow user to press shortcuts one key at a time	`⇧ Shift` press 5 times			`⇧ Shift` 5 times^[33]
Hear beep when -lock key pressed	`Numlock` hold 5 seconds
Stop/slow repeating characters when key is pressed	`Right Shift` hold 8 seconds			`⇧ Shift` hold for 8 seconds^[34]^[35]^[36]
Inverse (Reverse Colors) Mode	`Left Alt`+`Left Shift`+`PrtScn`	`⌘ Cmd`+`⌥ Opt`+`Ctrl`+`8`	`Meta`+`⇧ Shift`+`i` (if enabled)
Inverse (Reverse Colors) Mode (Only current window)			`Meta`+`⇧ Shift`+`u` (if enabled)
Greyscale Mode

Notes[change | change source]

References[change | change source]

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 ^1.4 ^1.5 Highlighted shortcuts are from the list of "sacred" keybindings.
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 ^2.4 ^2.5 Requires full keyboard access active:
System Preferences > Keyboard > Keyboard Shortcuts > Full Keyboard Access > All Controls
Alternatively use Ctrl+F7 to toggle this setting.
↑ "Mac 101: Set your preferences". Article: HT2490. Apple Inc. Retrieved 2010-11-03
↑ Singh, Swapnil (2012-02-08). "10 Cool Windows Shortcuts You Need to Know" Archived 2021-04-14 at the Wayback Machine. Tricktactoe.com Retrieved 2012-09-20
↑ Tate, Jody (2017-09-27). "High Sierra 10.13 : Keychain Access Menubar Item Missing?". StackExchange.com Retrieved 2018-01-22
↑ Takes you to the "Switch User" screen when Fast User Switching has been enabled (enabled by default in XP).
↑ Shows task manager in Windows XP if the welcome screen is enabled. Otherwise displays an NT-style menu, with the option of launching the task manager; likewise for Vista.
↑ ^8.0 ^8.1 ^8.2 ^8.3 ^8.4 ^8.5 ^8.6 ^8.7 On Mac OS, OS X, and macOS, the key commonly called ↵ Enter is properly called ↩ Return, while ⌅ Enter is a separate key normally located on the numeric keypad or invoked as ⌥ Opt+↩ Return (mainly on keyboards without a numeric keypad).
↑ "macOS keyboard shortcuts". Article: HT201236. Apple Inc. Retrieved 2020-01-02
↑ "How to take a screenshot on your Mac". Article: HT201361. Apple Inc. Retrieved 2020-01-02
↑ ^11.0 ^11.1 ^11.2 ^11.3 ^11.4 ""Taking Screenshots"". Archived from the original on 2012-06-09.. User Guide 2.32. The GNOME Project. Archived from the original Archived 2012-06-09 at the Wayback Machine on 9 June 2012. Retrieved 24 March 2012
↑ "Screencast Recording". GNOME Cheat Sheet. The GNOME Project. Retrieved 20 April 2016
↑ "Screen Shot Record". GNOME Help Guide. The GNOME Project. Retrieved 24 March 2012
↑ "What's New in macOS Mojave - Screenshots". Apple. Retrieved 18 April 2019
↑ ^15.0 ^15.1 "HIG/Keyboard Shortcuts". KDE Techbase. Retrieved 2020-01-02
↑ In whole document (%), substitute (s) fosh by fish, don't stop at one substitution per line (g) and ask for confirmation for each substitution (c).
↑ "Appendix A — Keyboard Shortcuts". Libre Office Documentation. The Document Foundation. Retrieved 26 April 2012
↑ ^18.0 ^18.1 Community.LinuxMint.com "OpenOffice.org and LibreOffice Keyboard Shortcuts — Linux Mint Community". Community.LinuxMint.com Retrieved 2012-09-20
↑ ^19.0 ^19.1 "Keyboard Shortcuts — Firefox Help". Support.Mozilla.org Retrieved 2020-01-02
↑ ^20.0 ^20.1 "Keyboard Shortcuts – Opera Help". Help.Opera.com Retrieved 2020-01-02
↑ ^21.0 ^21.1 ^21.2 "Linux Keyboard Shortcuts — Google Chrome Help". Support.Google.com Retrieved 2020-01-02
↑ ^22.0 ^22.1 "DefaultKeyboardShortcuts — arora — The Default Keyboard Shortcuts in Arora (Non-Mac Keyboard) - Cross Platform WebKit Browser — Google Project Hosting". Code.Google.com Retrieved 2012-09-20
↑ "Keyboard shortcuts", help.gnome.org.
↑ ^24.0 ^24.1 ^24.2 "Keyboard Shortcuts — Firefox Help". Support.Mozilla.org Retrieved 2020-01-02
↑ "Keyboard Shortcuts – Opera Help". Help.Opera.com Retrieved 2020-01-02
↑ ^26.0 ^26.1 ^26.2 ^26.3 ^26.4 ^26.5 ^26.6 In Microsoft Windows, all shortcuts with Alt+Space followed by another key are language dependent. The Alt+Space combination opens the window menu, and the following key selects from the menu. As the menu labels (and their underlined hotkeys) vary with the Windows system language, the hotkeys are different for international versions of Microsoft Windows, and may change if users change their Windows system language preference. The given examples are valid for English user preferences/version of Windows.
↑ ^27.0 ^27.1 ^27.2 ^27.3 "Mac OS X 10.6 Help: Using a screen saver" Archived 2012-05-31 at the Wayback Machine. Docs.info.apple.com Retrieved 2011-01-03
↑ ^28.0 ^28.1 ^28.2 ^28.3 "Mac OS X 10.4 Help: Setting a hot corner for Dashboard" Archived 2012-05-31 at the Wayback Machine. Docs.info.apple.com Retrieved 2011-01-03
↑ The WinSplit window manager application for Windows knows to emulate this behaviour.
↑ There is no single consistent shortcut for closing a document or quitting an application in Windows XP. In many multiple document interface applications, Ctrl+W or Ctrl+F4 closes a document and Alt+F4 quits. In other applications where each document is in its own window, such as later versions of Microsoft Word, Ctrl+W, Ctrl+F4, and Alt+F4 close a document, and there is no consistent shortcut for quitting an application.
↑ macOS uses ⌘ Cmd+W Close (window), ⌘ Cmd+Q Quit (application), and ⌘ Cmd+⌥ Opt+Esc Force Quit (application); ⌥ Option+F4 can be used to quit certain services or applications. Quit is closest to Kill.
↑ "Click and Move Mouse Pointer Using the Keypad". GNOME Library. GNOME Foundation. Retrieved 8 May 2012
↑ "Turn On Sticky Keys". GNOME Library. GNOME Foundation. Retrieved 8 May 2012
↑ "Turn On Slow Keys". GNOME Library. GNOME Foundation. Retrieved 8 May 2012
↑ "Turn Off Repeated Key Presses". GNOME Library. GNOME Foundation. Retrieved 8 May 2012
↑ "Turn on bounce keys", help.gnome.org.

[highlight_macOS_sacredkeybindings-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 ^1.4 ^1.5 Highlighted shortcuts are from the list of "sacred" keybindings.

[full_keyboard_access-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 ^2.4 ^2.5 Requires full keyboard access active:
System Preferences > Keyboard > Keyboard Shortcuts > Full Keyboard Access > All Controls
Alternatively use Ctrl+F7 to toggle this setting.

[HT2490-3] "Mac 101: Set your preferences". Article: HT2490. Apple Inc. Retrieved 2010-11-03

[windows-lock-4] Singh, Swapnil (2012-02-08). "10 Cool Windows Shortcuts You Need to Know" Archived 2021-04-14 at the Wayback Machine. Tricktactoe.com Retrieved 2012-09-20

[mac-lock-5] Tate, Jody (2017-09-27). "High Sierra 10.13 : Keychain Access Menubar Item Missing?". StackExchange.com Retrieved 2018-01-22

[userswitchxp-6] Takes you to the "Switch User" screen when Fast User Switching has been enabled (enabled by default in XP).

[taskmanager-7] Shows task manager in Windows XP if the welcome screen is enabled. Otherwise displays an NT-style menu, with the option of launching the task manager; likewise for Vista.

[macOS_returnkeyname-8] 8.0 ^8.1 ^8.2 ^8.3 ^8.4 ^8.5 ^8.6 ^8.7 On Mac OS, OS X, and macOS, the key commonly called ↵ Enter is properly called ↩ Return, while ⌅ Enter is a separate key normally located on the numeric keypad or invoked as ⌥ Opt+↩ Return (mainly on keyboards without a numeric keypad).

[HT201236-9] "macOS keyboard shortcuts". Article: HT201236. Apple Inc. Retrieved 2020-01-02

[HT201361-10] "How to take a screenshot on your Mac". Article: HT201361. Apple Inc. Retrieved 2020-01-02

[gnome-screenshots-11] 11.0 ^11.1 ^11.2 ^11.3 ^11.4 ""Taking Screenshots"". Archived from the original on 2012-06-09.. User Guide 2.32. The GNOME Project. Archived from the original Archived 2012-06-09 at the Wayback Machine on 9 June 2012. Retrieved 24 March 2012

[The_GNOME_Project-12] "Screencast Recording". GNOME Cheat Sheet. The GNOME Project. Retrieved 20 April 2016

[Screen_Shot_Record-13] "Screen Shot Record". GNOME Help Guide. The GNOME Project. Retrieved 24 March 2012

[OSX_Mojave_Screenshot-14] "What's New in macOS Mojave - Screenshots". Apple. Retrieved 18 April 2019

[KDE_HIG-15] 15.0 ^15.1 "HIG/Keyboard Shortcuts". KDE Techbase. Retrieved 2020-01-02

[substitution_options-16] In whole document (%), substitute (s) fosh by fish, don't stop at one substitution per line (g) and ask for confirmation for each substitution (c).

[Appendix_A_—_Keyboard_Shortcuts-17] "Appendix A — Keyboard Shortcuts". Libre Office Documentation. The Document Foundation. Retrieved 26 April 2012

[linuxmint1-18] 18.0 ^18.1 Community.LinuxMint.com "OpenOffice.org and LibreOffice Keyboard Shortcuts — Linux Mint Community". Community.LinuxMint.com Retrieved 2012-09-20

[mozilla1-19] 19.0 ^19.1 "Keyboard Shortcuts — Firefox Help". Support.Mozilla.org Retrieved 2020-01-02

[opera1-20] 20.0 ^20.1 "Keyboard Shortcuts – Opera Help". Help.Opera.com Retrieved 2020-01-02

[google1-21] 21.0 ^21.1 ^21.2 "Linux Keyboard Shortcuts — Google Chrome Help". Support.Google.com Retrieved 2020-01-02

[google2-22] 22.0 ^22.1 "DefaultKeyboardShortcuts — arora — The Default Keyboard Shortcuts in Arora (Non-Mac Keyboard) - Cross Platform WebKit Browser — Google Project Hosting". Code.Google.com Retrieved 2012-09-20

[Keyboard_shortcuts-23] "Keyboard shortcuts", help.gnome.org.

[mozilla2-24] 24.0 ^24.1 ^24.2 "Keyboard Shortcuts — Firefox Help". Support.Mozilla.org Retrieved 2020-01-02

[Opera_Help:_Keyboard_Shortcuts-25] "Keyboard Shortcuts – Opera Help". Help.Opera.com Retrieved 2020-01-02

[AltSpaceLanguage-26] 26.0 ^26.1 ^26.2 ^26.3 ^26.4 ^26.5 ^26.6 In Microsoft Windows, all shortcuts with Alt+Space followed by another key are language dependent. The Alt+Space combination opens the window menu, and the following key selects from the menu. As the menu labels (and their underlined hotkeys) vary with the Windows system language, the hotkeys are different for international versions of Microsoft Windows, and may change if users change their Windows system language preference. The given examples are valid for English user preferences/version of Windows.

[docs.info.apple.com-27] 27.0 ^27.1 ^27.2 ^27.3 "Mac OS X 10.6 Help: Using a screen saver" Archived 2012-05-31 at the Wayback Machine. Docs.info.apple.com Retrieved 2011-01-03

[ReferenceA-28] 28.0 ^28.1 ^28.2 ^28.3 "Mac OS X 10.4 Help: Setting a hot corner for Dashboard" Archived 2012-05-31 at the Wayback Machine. Docs.info.apple.com Retrieved 2011-01-03

[moveToWorkspace_Windows-29] The WinSplit window manager application for Windows knows to emulate this behaviour.

[xpclose-30] There is no single consistent shortcut for closing a document or quitting an application in Windows XP. In many multiple document interface applications, Ctrl+W or Ctrl+F4 closes a document and Alt+F4 quits. In other applications where each document is in its own window, such as later versions of Microsoft Word, Ctrl+W, Ctrl+F4, and Alt+F4 close a document, and there is no consistent shortcut for quitting an application.

[macoskill-31] OS uses ⌘ Cmd+W Close (window), ⌘ Cmd+Q Quit (application), and ⌘ Cmd+⌥ Opt+Esc Force Quit (application); ⌥ Option+F4 can be used to quit certain services or applications. Quit is closest to Kill.

[AutoVJ-1-32] "Click and Move Mouse Pointer Using the Keypad". GNOME Library. GNOME Foundation. Retrieved 8 May 2012

[Sticky_Keys-33] "Turn On Sticky Keys". GNOME Library. GNOME Foundation. Retrieved 8 May 2012

[Slow_Keys-34] "Turn On Slow Keys". GNOME Library. GNOME Foundation. Retrieved 8 May 2012

[Repeated_Key_Presses-35] "Turn Off Repeated Key Presses". GNOME Library. GNOME Foundation. Retrieved 8 May 2012

[Turn_on_bounce_keys-36] "Turn on bounce keys", help.gnome.org.

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