Titanium dioxide
Names | |
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IUPAC names
Titanium dioxide
Titanium(IV) oxide | |
Other names | |
Identifiers | |
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3D model (JSmol)
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ChEBI | |
ChEMBL | |
ChemSpider | |
ECHA InfoCard | 100.033.327 |
E number | E171 (colours) |
KEGG | |
PubChem CID
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RTECS number |
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UNII | |
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
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Properties | |
TiO 2 | |
Molar mass | 79.866 g/mol |
Appearance | White solid |
Odor | Odorless |
Density |
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Melting point | 1,843 °C (3,349 °F; 2,116 K) |
Boiling point | 2,972 °C (5,382 °F; 3,245 K) |
Insoluble | |
Band gap | 3.05 eV (rutile)[1] |
+5.9·10−6 cm3/mol | |
Refractive index (nD)
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Thermochemistry | |
Std enthalpy of formation ΔfH |
−945 kJ·mol−1[2] |
Standard molar entropy S |
50 J·mol−1·K−1[2] |
Hazards | |
EU classification | Not listed |
NFPA 704 |
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Flash point | not flammable |
U.S. Permissible exposure limit (PEL) |
TWA 15 mg/m3 |
Related compounds | |
Other cations | Zirconium dioxide Hafnium dioxide |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). | |
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Infobox references | |
Titanium dioxide, also known as titanium(IV) oxide or titania /taɪˈteɪniə/, is the naturally occurring oxide of titanium, chemical formula TiO
2. When used as a pigment, it is called titanium white, Pigment White 6 (PW6), or CI 77891. Generally, it is made from ilmenite, rutile, and anatase. It has a lot of uses, including paint, sunscreen, and food coloring. When used as a food coloring, it has E number E171. 9 million tonnes of it were made in the world in 2014.[3][4] It is used in around two-thirds of all pigments, and pigments based on the oxide have a total value of around $13.2 billion.[5]
References[change | change source]
- ↑ Nowotny, Janusz (2011). Oxide Semiconductors for Solar Energy Conversion: Titanium Dioxide. CRC Press. p. 156. ISBN 9781439848395.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Zumdahl, Steven S. (2009). Chemical Principles 6th Ed. Houghton Mifflin Company. p. A23. ISBN 978-0-618-94690-7.
- ↑ "Titanium" in 2014 Minerals Yearbook. USGS
- ↑ "Mineral Commodity Summaries, 2015" (PDF). U.S. Geological Survey. U.S. Geological Survey 2015.
- ↑ Schonbrun, Zach. "The Quest for the Next Billion-Dollar Color". Bloomberg.com. Retrieved 2018-04-24.