Titanium dioxide

Titanium dioxide
Names
	IUPAC names Titanium dioxide; Titanium(IV) oxide
	Other names Titania; Rutile; Anatase; Brookite
Identifiers
CAS Number	13463-67-7 ;
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
ChEBI	CHEBI:32234 ;
ChEMBL	ChEMBL1201136 ;
ChemSpider	24256 ;
ECHA InfoCard	100.033.327
E number	E171 (colours)
KEGG	C13409 ;
PubChem CID	26042;
RTECS number	XR2775000;
UNII	15FIX9V2JP ;
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID3021352 ;
	SMILES O=[Ti]=O;
Properties
Chemical formula	TiO; 2
Molar mass	79.866 g/mol
Appearance	White solid
Odor	Odorless
Density	4.23 g/cm3 (rutile); 3.78 g/cm3 (anatase);
Melting point	1,843 °C (3,349 °F; 2,116 K)
Boiling point	2,972 °C (5,382 °F; 3,245 K)
Solubility in water	Insoluble
Band gap	3.05 eV (rutile)
Magnetic susceptibility (χ)	+5.9·10−6 cm3/mol
Refractive index (nD)	2.488 (anatase); 2.583 (brookite); 2.609 (rutile);
Thermochemistry
Std enthalpy of; formation ΔfHo298	−945 kJ·mol−1
Standard molar; entropy So298	50 J·mol−1·K−1
Hazards
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)	1 0 0
Flash point	not flammable
	NIOSH (US health exposure limits):
PEL (Permissible)	TWA 15 mg/m3
REL (Recommended)	Ca
IDLH (Immediate danger)	Ca [5000 mg/m3]
Safety data sheet (SDS)	ICSC 0338
Related compounds
Other cations	Zirconium dioxide; Hafnium dioxide
Related Titanium oxides	Titanium(II) oxide; Titanium(III) oxide; Titanium(III,IV) oxide
Related compounds	Titanic acid
	Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
	verify (what is ?)
	Infobox references

Titanium dioxide, also known as titanium(IV) oxide or titania /taɪˈteɪniə/, is the naturally occurring oxide of titanium, chemical formula TiO
₂. When used as a pigment, it is called titanium white, Pigment White 6 (PW6), or CI 77891. Generally, it is made from ilmenite, rutile, and anatase. It has a lot of uses, including paint, sunscreen, and food coloring. When used as a food coloring, it has E number E171. 9 million tonnes of it were made in the world in 2014.^[3]^[4] It is used in around two-thirds of all pigments, and pigments based on the oxide have a total value of around $13.2 billion.^[5]

References

↑ Nowotny, Janusz (2011). Oxide Semiconductors for Solar Energy Conversion: Titanium Dioxide. CRC Press. p. 156. ISBN 9781439848395.
1 2 Zumdahl, Steven S. (2009). Chemical Principles 6th Ed. Houghton Mifflin Company. p. A23. ISBN 978-0-618-94690-7.
↑ "Titanium" Archived 2019-01-11 at the Wayback Machine in 2014 Minerals Yearbook. USGS
↑ "Mineral Commodity Summaries, 2015" (PDF). U.S. Geological Survey. U.S. Geological Survey 2015. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-11-26. Retrieved 2021-09-30.
↑ Schonbrun, Zach. "The Quest for the Next Billion-Dollar Color". Bloomberg.com. Retrieved 2018-04-24.

[Nowotny-1] Nowotny, Janusz (2011). Oxide Semiconductors for Solar Energy Conversion: Titanium Dioxide. CRC Press. p. 156. ISBN 9781439848395.

[b1-2] 1 2 Zumdahl, Steven S. (2009). Chemical Principles 6th Ed. Houghton Mifflin Company. p. A23. ISBN 978-0-618-94690-7.

[3] "Titanium" Archived 2019-01-11 at the Wayback Machine in 2014 Minerals Yearbook. USGS

[4] "Mineral Commodity Summaries, 2015" (PDF). U.S. Geological Survey. U.S. Geological Survey 2015. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-11-26. Retrieved 2021-09-30.

[5] Schonbrun, Zach. "The Quest for the Next Billion-Dollar Color". Bloomberg.com. Retrieved 2018-04-24.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]