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United Progressive Alliance

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United Progressive Alliance
AbbreviationUPA
FounderSonia Gandhi
Founded6 May 2004; 21 years ago (2004-05-06)
Dissolved18 July 2023; 22 months ago (2023-07-18)
IdeologyLiberalism[4]
Social liberalism[10]
Political positionCentre to centre-left[11]

The United Progressive Alliance (UPA; Hindi: संयुक्त प्रगतशील गठबंधन) was a political alliance in India led by the Indian National Congress. It was formed after the 2004 general election with support from left-leaning political parties when no single party got the majority.[12]

The United Progressive Alliance (UPA) governed India for two terms from 2004 to 2014. After that, it lost power to its main political rival, the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP)-led National Democratic Alliance (NDA). Before it was dissolved, the UPA had control over seven states and union territories in India. On 18 July 2023, the UPA was officially replaced by a new political coalition called the Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance (INDIA), which was formed in preparation for the 2024 general election.[13][14]

Former Members

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Current Members at the time of dissolution.

Party Base state
1 Indian National Congress National Party
2 Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam Tamil Nadu, Puducherry
4 Shiv Sena (UBT) Maharashtra, Dadra and Nagar Haveli
5 Nationalist Congress Party Maharashtra
6 Rashtriya Janata Dal Bihar, Jharkhand, Kerala
7 Indian Union Muslim League Kerala
8 Jammu and Kashmir National Conference Jammu and Kashmir
9 Jharkhand Mukti Morcha Jharkhand
10 Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam Tamil Nadu
11 Revolutionary Socialist Party (India) Kerala
12 Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi Tamil Nadu
13 Assam Jatiya Parishad Assam
14 Goa Forward Party Goa
15 Kerala Congress Kerala
16 Revolutionary Marxist Party of India Kerala
17 Anchalik Gana Morcha Assam
18 Kerala Congress (Jacob) Kerala
19 Nationalist Congress Kerala Kerala
20 Peasants and Workers Party of India Maharashtra
20 Independent None
Total India

Members left before dissolution.

Political Party State Date Reason for withdrawal
BRS Telangana 2006 Differences over proposed statehood for Telangana
BSP National Party 2008 Congress opposed the UP government where the BSP was the ruling party
JKPDP Jammu and Kashmir 2009 Congress decided to support National Conference Government in Jammu and Kashmir
PMK Tamil Nadu 2009 PMK declared that it would join the AIADMK led front
AIMIM Telangana 2012 Accused Congress led State Government of Communalism
AITC West Bengal 2012 AITC's demands on rollbacks and reforms not met, including the governments decision to allow FDI in retail and hike in the prices of railway tickets.
SJ(D) Kerala 2014 It merged with Janata Dal (United) on 29 December 2014.
RLD Uttar Pradesh 2014 Decided to leave after 2014 election performance.
JD(S) Karnataka 2019 After JD(S)-INC alliance govt fell in Karnataka, two parties decided to end alliance.
RLSP Bihar 2020 Withdrawn support before Bihar Assembly Election 2020 & Allied with BSP+ on 29 September 2020.
VIP Bihar 2020 Withdrawn support before Bihar Assembly Election 2020 & Allied with NDA
KC(M) Kerala 2020 Decided to join LDF
BPF Assam 2021 Withdrew due to performance in 2021 Assam election.
AIUDF Assam 2021 Party was expelled from the alliance.

Poll performances

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2004 Lok Sabha Election
Sr.no Party Seats Won Seat Change Vote%
1. Indian National Congress 145 Increase 32 26.7%
2. Rashtriya Janata Dal 24 Increase 17 2.2%
3. Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam 16 Increase 4 1.8%
4. Nationalist Congress Party 9 Increase 1 1.8%
5. Lok Janshakti Party 4 Steady 0.6%
6. Telangana Rashtra Samithi 2 Steady 0.6%
7. Pattali Makkal Katchi 6 Increase 1 0.5%
8. Jharkhand Mukti Morcha 5 Steady 0.5%
9. Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam 4 Steady 0.4%
10. Indian Union Muslim League 1 Increase 1 0.2%
11. Republican Party of India (Athawale) 1 Steady 0.1%
12. Jammu and Kashmir Peoples Democratic Party 1 Steady 0.1%
Total 218 Increase 83 35.4%
2009 Lok Sabha Election
Sr.no Party Seats Won Seat Change
1. Indian National Congress 206 Increase 61
2. Rashtriya Janata Dal 4 Decrease 20
3. Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam 18 Increase 2
4. Nationalist Congress Party 9 Decrease 1
5. All India Trinamool Congress 19 Increase 18
6. Jammu & Kashmir National Conference 3 Increase 3
7. Bodoland People's Front 1 Increase 1
8. Jharkhand Mukti Morcha Decrease 3
9. All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen 1 Increase 1
10. Indian Union Muslim League 2 Increase 1
11. Kerala Congress (Mani) 1 Increase 1
Total 262 Increase 44

List of presidents and vice presidents

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Note that it refers to nomination by alliance, as the offices of President and Vice President are apolitical.

Presidents

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No. Portrait Name

(birth–death) 		Term of office

Electoral mandates

Time in office

Previous post Vice president Party[15]
12 Pratibha Patil

(b.1934) 		25 July 2007 25 July 2012 Governor of Rajasthan Mohammad Hamid Ansari

(2007–12)

Indian National Congress
2007
5 years, 0 days
13 Pranab Mukherjee

(1935–2020) 		25 July 2012 25 July 2017 Union Minister of Finance Mohammad Hamid Ansari (2012–17)
2012
5 years, 0 days

Vice presidents

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No. Portrait Name

(birth–death)[16] 		Elected

(% votes) 		Took office Left office Term President(s) Party
12 Mohammad Hamid Ansari

(b.1937) 		2007

(67.21) 		11 August 2007 10 August 2012 10 years, 0 days Pratibha Patil Indian National Congress
2012

(67.31) 		11 August 2012 10 August 2017 Pranab Mukherjee

List of prime ministers

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List of prime ministers of India
Prime ministers Portrait Term in office Lok Sabha Government Cabinet Constituency
Start End Tenure
Manmohan Singh 22 May 2004 22 May 2009 10 years, 4 days 14th UPA I Manmohan Singh I Rajya Sabha MP From Assam
22 May 2009 26 May 2014 15th UPA II Manmohan Singh II

References

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  1. ↑ Lowell Barrington (2009). Comparative Politics: Structures and Choices. Cengage Learning. p. 379. ISBN 978-0-618-49319-7.
  2. ↑ Meyer, Karl Ernest; Brysac, Shareen Blair (2012). Pax Ethnica: Where and How Diversity Succeeds. PublicAffairs. p. 50. ISBN 978-1-61039-048-4. Retrieved 7 April 2016.
  3. ↑ "UPA and secularism". researchgate.net. May 2012. Retrieved 2024-10-22.
  4. ↑ [1][2][3]
  5. ↑ DeSouza, Peter Ronald (2006). India's Political Parties Readings in Indian Government and Politics series. SAGE Publishing. p. 420. ISBN 978-9-352-80534-1.
  6. ↑ Rosow, Stephen J.; George, Jim (2014). Globalization and Democracy. Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 91–96. ISBN 978-1-442-21810-9.
  7. ↑ N. S. Gehlot (1991). The Congress Party in India: Policies, Culture, Performance. Deep & Deep Publications. pp. 150–200. ISBN 978-81-7100-306-8.
  8. ↑ Soper, J. Christopher; Fetzer, Joel S. (2018). Religion and Nationalism in Global Perspective. Cambridge University Press. pp. 200–210. ISBN 978-1-107-18943-0.
  9. ↑ Agrawal, S. P.; Aggarwal, J. C., eds. (1989). Nehru on Social Issues. New Delhi: Concept Publishing. ISBN 978-817022207-1.
  10. ↑ [5][6][7][8][9]
  11. ↑ "United Progressive Alliance political organization, India".
  12. ↑ "United Progressive Alliance, UPA, UPA Performance General Election 2009, UPA Tally, UPA in Lok Sabha Elections 2009, India Elections 2009, General Elections, Election Manifesto, India Election News, India Elections Results, Indian Election Schedule, 15th Lok Sabha Elections, General Elections 2009, State Assembly Elections, State Assembly Elections Schedule, State Assembly Election Results". electionaffairs.com. Archived from the original on 5 February 2012.
  13. ↑ "Opposition meeting: 26 Indian parties form alliance to take on PM Modi". BBC News.
  14. ↑ "NDA vs I.N.D.I.A in 2024 as UPA rebrands itself as Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance at Opposition meet". Financialexpress. 2023-07-18. Retrieved 2023-07-27.
  15. ↑ "List of Presidents of India since India became republic | My India". mapsofindia.com. Archived from the original on 28 August 2017. Retrieved 25 October 2017.
  16. ↑ "Former Vice Presidents". Vice President of India. Archived from the original on 30 August 2018. Retrieved 2 March 2019.
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