User:The Three Headed Knight/Flag/List of national rulers

From Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This page lists the national rulers in the world, i.e. heads of state and heads of government (and, in certain cases, de facto leaders not occupying either of those formal positions or prime ministers who are not heads of government...) of the 194 states usually recognized like that (192 UN members + Vatican City + Taiwan), of 10 other national entities (quasi and unrecognized states), and of 7 in exile and/or alternative governments (only in exile governments that exercised power or succeeded governments that exercised power).

For local rulers, i.e. rulers of dependencies and of the main administrative divisions (autonomous regions, insular or peninsular regions, successors of historical regions or regions with strong identity, regions in the news, etc.) see :

See the main article: List of the main local rulers

States - A[change | change source]

State Status Name Since
User:The Three Headed Knight/Flagicon Afghanistan President Hamid Karzai [1] 22 Dec 2001
User:The Three Headed Knight/Flagicon Albania President Bamir Topi 24 Jul 2007
Prime minister Sali Berisha [2] 11 Sep 2005
User:The Three Headed Knight/Flagicon Algeria President Abdelaziz Bouteflika 27 Apr 1999
Prime minister Abdelaziz Belkhadem 24 May 2006
User:The Three Headed Knight/Flagicon Andorra Coprince (French head of state) Nicolas Sarkozy 16 May 2007
Coprinces (bishop of Urgel) Joan Enric Vives Sicília 12 May 2003
Personal representative of the French coprince Christian Frémont Sep 2008
Personal representative of the episcopal coprince Nemesi Marquès Oste 1993
General syndic Joan Gabriel Estany 17 May 2005
Head of government Jaume Bartumeu 3 June 2009
User:The Three Headed Knight/Flagicon Angola President José Eduardo dos Santos [3] 10 Sep 1979
Prime minister Fernando da Piedade Dias dos Santos 6 Dec 2002
User:The Three Headed Knight/Flagicon Antigua and Barbuda Queen Elizabeth II 1 Nov 1981
Governor-general Louise Lake-Tack 17 Jul 2007
Prime minister Baldwin Spencer 26 Mar 2004
User:The Three Headed Knight/Flagicon Argentina President Cristina Fernández de Kirchner 10 Dec 2007
Cabinet chief Alberto Fernández 25 May 2003
User:The Three Headed Knight/Flagicon Armenia President Robert Kocharyan [4] 4 Feb 1998
Prime minister Serzh Sarkisyan 4 Apr 2007
User:The Three Headed Knight/Flagicon Australia Queen Elizabeth II 6 Feb 1952
Governor-general Quentin Bryce 5 September 2008
Prime minister Kevin Rudd 3 Dec 2007
User:The Three Headed Knight/Flagicon Austria President Heinz Fischer 8 Jul 2004
Chancellor Alfred Gusenbauer 11 Jan 2007
User:The Three Headed Knight/Flagicon Azerbaijan President Ilham Aliyev [5] 31 Oct 2003
Prime minister Artur Rasizade [6] 6 Aug 2003

States - B[change | change source]

State Status Name Since
User:The Three Headed Knight/Flagicon The Bahamas Queen Elizabeth II 10 Jul 1973
Governor-general Arthur Dion Hanna 1 Feb 2006
Prime minister Hubert Ingraham [7] 4 May 2007
User:The Three Headed Knight/Flagicon Bahrain King Sheikh Hamad ibn `Isa Al Khalifah [8] 14 Feb 2002
Prime minister Sheikh Khalifah ibn Sulman Al Khalifah [9] 19 Jan 1970
User:The Three Headed Knight/Flagicon Bangladesh President Iajuddin Ahmed 6 Sep 2002
Prime minister Fakhruddin Ahmed (chief adviser) 12 Jan 2007
User:The Three Headed Knight/Flagicon Barbados Queen Elizabeth II 30 Nov 1966
Governor-general Sir Clifford Husbands 1 Jun 1996
Prime minister David Thompson 16 Jan 2008
User:The Three Headed Knight/Flagicon Belarus President Alyaksandr Lukashenka 20 Jul 1994
Prime minister Syarhey Sidorski [10] 10 Jul 2003
User:The Three Headed Knight/Flagicon Belgium King Albert II 9 Aug 1993
Prime minister Guy Verhofstadt 12 Jul 1999
User:The Three Headed Knight/Flagicon Belize Queen Elizabeth II 21 Sep 1981
Governor-general Sir Colville Young 17 Nov 1993
Prime minister Said Musa 28 Aug 1998
User:The Three Headed Knight/Flagicon Benin President Yayi Boni 6 Apr 2006
User:The Three Headed Knight/Flagicon Bhutan King Jigme Khesar Namgyal Wangchuk 14 Dec 2006
Prime minister Lyonpo Kinzang Dorji [11] 31 Jul 2007
User:The Three Headed Knight/Flagicon Bolivia President Evo Morales 22 Jan 2006
User:The Three Headed Knight/Flagicon Bosnia and Hercegovina Chairman of the Presidency of the Republic Zeljko Komsic [12] 6 Jul 2007
Prime minister Nikola Spiric 11 Jan 2007
International High Representative Miroslav Lajcák (Slovakia) 2 Jul 2007
User:The Three Headed Knight/Flagicon Botswana President Festus Mogae 1 Apr 1998
User:The Three Headed Knight/Flagicon Brazil President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva 1 Jan 2003
User:The Three Headed Knight/Flagicon Brunei Sultan Sir Hassanal Bolkiah Mu´izzadin Waddaulah 4 Oct 1967
Prime minister Sir Hassanal Bolkiah Mu´izzadin Waddaulah 1 Jan 1984
User:The Three Headed Knight/Flagicon Bulgaria President Georgi Purvanov 22 Jan 2002
Prime minister Sergey Stanishev 16 Aug 2005
User:The Three Headed Knight/Flagicon Burkina Faso President Blaise Compaoré [13] 15 Oct 1987
Prime minister Tertius Zongo 4 Jun 2007
User:The Three Headed Knight/Flagicon Burundi President Pierre Nkurunziza 26 Aug 2005
User:The Three Headed Knight/Flagicon Burma Chairman of the State Peace
and Development Council		 Than Shwe [14] 23 Apr 1992
Prime minister Thein Sein [15] Apr 2007

States - C[change | change source]

State Status Name Since
User:The Three Headed Knight/Flagicon Cambodia King Norodom Sihamoni 14 Oct 2004
Prime minister Samdech Hun Sen [16] 14 Jan 1985
User:The Three Headed Knight/Flagicon Cameroon President Paul Biya 6 Nov 1982
Prime minister Ephraïm Inoni 8 Dec 2004
User:The Three Headed Knight/Flagicon Canada Queen Elizabeth II 6 Feb 1952
Governor-general Michaëlle Jean 27 Sep 2005
Prime minister Stephen Harper 6 Feb 2006
User:The Three Headed Knight/Flagicon Cape Verde President Pedro Pires 22 Mar 2001
Prime minister José Maria Neves 1 Feb 2001
User:The Three Headed Knight/Flagicon Central African Republic President François Bozizé 15 Mar 2003
Prime minister Faustin Archange Touadéra 22 Jan 2008
User:The Three Headed Knight/Flagicon Chad President Idriss Déby [17] 15 Mar 2003
Prime minister Delwa Kassire Koumakoye [18] 26 Feb 2007
User:The Three Headed Knight/Flagicon Chile President Michelle Bachelet 11 Mar 2006
User:The Three Headed Knight/Flagicon China General secretary of the Communist Party of China Hu Jintao 15 Nov 2002
President Hu Jintao 15 Mar 2003
Premier Wen Jiabao 16 Mar 2003
User:The Three Headed Knight/Flagicon Colombia President Álvaro Uribe 7 Aug 2002
User:The Three Headed Knight/Flagicon Comoros President Ahmed Abdallah Sambi 26 May 2006
User:The Three Headed Knight/Flagicon Congo (Brazzaville) President Denis Sassou-Nguesso [19] 25 Oct 1997
Prime minister Isidore Mvouba 7 Jan 2005
User:The Three Headed Knight/Flagicon Congo (Kinshasa) President Joseph Kabila [20] 17 Jan 2001
Prime minister Antoine Gizenga [21] 30 Dec 2006
User:The Three Headed Knight/Flagicon Costa Rica President Óscar Arias Sánchez [22] 8 May 2006
User:The Three Headed Knight/Flagicon Côte d'Ivoire President Laurent Gbagbo 26 Oct 2000
Prime minister Guillaume Soro 4 Apr 2007
User:The Three Headed Knight/Flagicon Croatia President Stipe Mesic [23] 18 Feb 2000
Prime minister Ivo Sanader 23 Dec 2003
User:The Three Headed Knight/Flagicon Cuba First secretary of the Communist Party of Cuba Fidel Castro [24] Jul 1961
Raúl Castro (acting) 31 Jul 2006
President of the Council of State Fidel Castro 3 Dec 1976
Raúl Castro (acting) 31 Jul 2006
President of the Council of Ministers Fidel Castro [25] 16 Feb 1959
Raúl Castro (acting) 31 Jul 2006
User:The Three Headed Knight/Flagicon Cyprus President Demetris Christofias 2008
User:The Three Headed Knight/Flagicon Czech Republic President Václav Klaus [26] 24 Apr 2005
Prime minister Mirek Topolánek 4 Sep 2006

States - D-F[change | change source]

State Status Name Since
User:The Three Headed Knight/Flagicon Denmark Queen Margrethe II 14 Jan 1972
Prime minister Lars Løkke Rasmussen April 5 2009
User:The Three Headed Knight/Flagicon Djibouti President Ismail Omar Guelleh 8 May 1999
Prime minister Dileita Mohamed Dileita 7 Mar 2001
User:The Three Headed Knight/Flagicon Dominica President Nicholas Liverpool 2 Oct 2003
Prime minister Roosevelt Skerrit 8 Jan 2004
User:The Three Headed Knight/Flagicon Dominican Republic President Leonel Fernández [27] 16 Aug 2004
User:The Three Headed Knight/Flagicon East Timor President José Ramos-Horta [28] 20 May 2007
Prime minister Xanana Gusmão [29] 8 Aug 2007
User:The Three Headed Knight/Flagicon Ecuador President Rafael Correa 15 Jan 2007
User:The Three Headed Knight/Flagicon Egypt President Hosni Mubarak 14 Oct 1981
Prime minister Ahmed Nazif 14 Jul 2004
User:The Three Headed Knight/Flagicon El Salvador President Antonio Saca 1 Jun 2004
User:The Three Headed Knight/Flagicon Equatorial Guinea President Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo [30] 3 Aug 1979
Prime minister Ricardo Mangue Obama Nfubea 14 Aug 2006
User:The Three Headed Knight/Flagicon Eritrea President Isaias Afewerki [31] 29 May 1991
User:The Three Headed Knight/Flagicon Estonia President Toomas Hendrik Ilves 9 Oct 2006
Prime minister Andrus Ansip 13 Apr 2005
User:The Three Headed Knight/Flagicon Ethiopia President Girma Wolde-Giorgis 8 Oct 2001
Prime minister Meles Zenawi [32] 23 Aug 1995
User:The Three Headed Knight/Flagicon Fiji President Ratu Josefa Iloilo [33] 18 Jul 2000
Prime minister Voreqe Bainimarama [34] 5 Jan 2007
User:The Three Headed Knight/Flagicon Finland President Tarja Halonen 1 Mar 2000
Prime minister Matti Vanhanen 24 Jun 2003
User:The Three Headed Knight/Flagicon France President Nicolas Sarkozy 16 May 2007
Prime minister François Fillon 17 May 2007

States - G-H[change | change source]

State Status Name Since
User:The Three Headed Knight/Flagicon Gabon President Omar Bongo Ondimba 28 Nov 1967
Prime minister Jean Eyeghe Ndong 20 Jan 2006
User:The Three Headed Knight/Flagicon The Gambia President Yahya Jammeh [35] 22 Jul 1994
User:The Three Headed Knight/Flagicon Georgia President Mikheil Saakashvili [36] 20 Jan 2008
Prime minister Nika Gilauri 6 Feb 2009
User:The Three Headed Knight/Flagicon Germany President Horst Köhler 1 Jul 2004
Chancellor Angela Merkel 22 Nov 2005
User:The Three Headed Knight/Flagicon Ghana President John Atta Mills 7 Jan 2009
User:The Three Headed Knight/Flagicon Greece President Karolos Papoulias 12 Mar 2005
Prime minister Kostas Karamanlis 10 Mar 2004
User:The Three Headed Knight/Flagicon Grenada Queen Elizabeth II 7 Feb 1974
Governor-general Sir Daniel Williams 9 Aug 1996
Prime minister Keith Mitchell 22 Jun 1995
User:The Three Headed Knight/Flagicon Guatemala President Álvaro Colom 14 Jan 2008
User:The Three Headed Knight/Flagicon Guinea President Lansana Conté [37] 3 Apr 1984
Prime minister Lansana Kouyaté 1 Mar 2007
User:The Three Headed Knight/Flagicon Guinea-Bissau President Raimundo Pereira [38] 2 Mar 2009
Prime minister Carlos Gomes Júnior 2 Jan 2009
User:The Three Headed Knight/Flagicon Guyana President Bharrat Jagdeo [39] 11 Aug 1999
Prime minister Sam Hinds [40] 13 Apr 2007
User:The Three Headed Knight/Flagicon Haiti President René Préval [41] 14 May 2006
Prime minister Michèle Pierre-Louis 5 Sep 2008
User:The Three Headed Knight/Flagicon Honduras President Manuel Zelaya 27 Jan 2006
User:The Three Headed Knight/Flagicon Hungary President László Sólyom 5 Aug 2005
Prime minister Gordon Bajnai 14 Apr 2009

States - I-K[change | change source]

State Status Name Since
User:The Three Headed Knight/Flagicon Iceland President Ólafur Ragnar Grímsson 1 Aug 1996
Prime minister Geir H. Haarde 15 Jun 2006
User:The Three Headed Knight/Flagicon India President Pratibha Patil 25 Jul 2007
Prime minister Manmohan Singh 22 May 2004
User:The Three Headed Knight/Flagicon Indonesia President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono 20 Oct 2004
User:The Three Headed Knight/Flagicon Iran Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei 25 Jul 2007
President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad 3 Aug 2005
User:The Three Headed Knight/Flagicon Iraq President Jalal Talabani 7 Apr 2005
Prime minister Nuri al-Maliki 20 May 2006
User:The Three Headed Knight/Flagicon Ireland President Mary McAleese 11 Nov 1997
Prime minister Bertie Ahern 26 Jun 1997
User:The Three Headed Knight/Flagicon Israel President Shimon Peres [42] 15 Jul 2007
Prime minister Benjamin Netanyahu[43] 31 Mar 2009
User:The Three Headed Knight/Flagicon Italy President Giorgio Napolitano 15 May 2006
President of the Council of Ministers Romano Prodi [44] 17 May 2006
User:The Three Headed Knight/Flagicon Jamaica President Elizabeth II 6 Aug 1962
Governor-general Kenneth Hall 15 Feb 2006
Prime minister Bruce Golding 11 Sep 2007
User:The Three Headed Knight/Flagicon Japan Emperor Akihito 7 Jan 1989
Prime minister Yasuo Fukuda 26 Sep 2007
User:The Three Headed Knight/Flagicon Jordan King Abdullah II 7 Feb 1999
Prime minister Nader Dahabi 25 Nov 2007
User:The Three Headed Knight/Flagicon Kazakhstan President Nursultan Nazarbayev [45] 24 Apr 1990
Prime minister Karim Masimov 10 Jan 2007
User:The Three Headed Knight/Flagicon Kenya President Mwai Kibaki 30 Dec 2002
User:The Three Headed Knight/Flagicon Kiribati President Anote Tong 10 Jul 2003
User:The Three Headed Knight/Flagicon North Korea Chairman of the National Defense Commission [46] Kim Jong Il 8 Jul 1994
General secretary of the Central Committee
of the Workers' Party of Korea		 Kim Jong Il 8 Oct 1997
Chairman of the Presidium
of the Supreme People's Assembly		 Kim Yong Nam 5 Sep 1998
Chairman of the Council of Ministers Kim Yong Il 11 Apr 2007
User:The Three Headed Knight/Flagicon South Korea President Roh Moo Hyun [47] 25 Feb 2003
Prime minister Han Duck Soo [48] 2 Apr 2007
User:The Three Headed Knight/Flagicon Kuwait Emir Sheikh Sabah Al Ahmad Al Jabir Al Sabah [49] 29 Jan 2006
Prime minister Sheikh Nasser Muhammad Al Ahmad Al Sabah 7 Feb 2006
User:The Three Headed Knight/Flagicon Kyrgyzstan President Kurmanbek Bakiyev [50] 25 Mar 2005
Prime minister Igor Chudinov 24 Dec 2007

States - L[change | change source]

State Status Name Since
User:The Three Headed Knight/Flagicon Laos General secretary of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party Choummaly Sayasone 21 Mar 2006
President Choummaly Sayasone 8 Jun 2006
Chairman of the Council of Ministers Bouasone Bouphavanh 8 Jun 2006
User:The Three Headed Knight/Flagicon Latvia President Valdis Zatlers 8 Jul 2007
Prime minister Aigars Kalvitis [51] 2 Dec 2004
User:The Three Headed Knight/Flagicon Lebanon President Fouad Siniora (acting) [52] 24 Nov 2007
Prime minister Fouad Siniora 19 Jul 2005
User:The Three Headed Knight/Flagicon Lesotho King Letsie III [53] 7 Feb 1996
Prime minister Pakalitha Mosisili 29 May 1998
User:The Three Headed Knight/Flagicon Liberia President Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf 16 Jan 2006
User:The Three Headed Knight/Flagicon Libya Guide of the Revolution Muammar al-Qaddafi 1 Sep 1969
General secretary of the General People's Congress Zentani Muhammad az-Zentani 18 Nov 1992
General secretary of the General People's Committee Al-Baghdadi Ali al-Mahmudi 5 Mar 2006
User:The Three Headed Knight/Flagicon Liechtenstein Sovereign prince Hans-Adam II [54] 13 Nov 1989
Prince Alois (regent) 15 Aug 2004
Head of government Otmar Hasler 5 Apr 2001
User:The Three Headed Knight/Flagicon Lithuania President Valdas Adamkus [55] 12 Jul 2004
Prime minister Gediminas Kirkilas 4 Jul 2006
User:The Three Headed Knight/Flagicon Luxembourg President Henri [56] 7 Oct 2000
Prime minister Jean-Claude Juncker 20 Jan 1995

States - M[change | change source]

State Status Name Since
User:The Three Headed Knight/Flagicon Macedonia President Branko Crvenkovski 12 May 2004
Prime minister Nikola Gruevski 27 Aug 2006
User:The Three Headed Knight/Flagicon Madagascar President Marc Ravalomanana 22 Feb 2002
Prime minister Charles Rabemananjara 20 Jan 2007
User:The Three Headed Knight/Flagicon Malawi President Bingu wa Mutharika 24 May 2004
User:The Three Headed Knight/Flagicon Malaysia Paramount ruler Mizan Zainal Abidin [57] 13 Dec 2006
Prime minister Abdullah Ahmad Badawi 31 Oct 2003
User:The Three Headed Knight/Flagicon Maldives President Maumoon Abdul Gayoom 11 Nov 1978
User:The Three Headed Knight/Flagicon Mali President Amadou Toumani Touré [58] 8 Jun 2002
Prime minister Modibo Sidibé 28 Sep 2007
User:The Three Headed Knight/Flagicon Malta President Eddie Fenech Adami 4 Apr 2004
Prime minister Lawrence Gonzi 23 Mar 2004
User:The Three Headed Knight/Flagicon Marshall Islands President Litokwa Tomeing 7 Jan 2008
User:The Three Headed Knight/Flagicon Mauritania President Sidi Mohamed Ould Cheikh Abdallahi 19 Apr 2007
Prime minister Zeine Ould Zeidane 20 Apr 2007
User:The Three Headed Knight/Flagicon Mauritius President Sir Anerood Jugnauth [59] 7 Aug 2003
Prime minister Navin Ramgoolam [60] 5 Jul 2005
User:The Three Headed Knight/Flagicon Mexico President Felipe Calderón 1 Dec 2006
User:The Three Headed Knight/Flagicon Federated States of Micronesia President Manny Mori 11 May 2007
User:The Three Headed Knight/Flagicon Moldova President Vladimir Voronin 7 Apr 2001
Prime minister Vasile Tarlev 19 Apr 2001
User:The Three Headed Knight/Flagicon Monaco Prince Albert II [61] 6 Apr 2005
Minister of state Jean-Paul Proust 1 Jun 2005
User:The Three Headed Knight/Flagicon Mongolia President Nambaryn Enkhbayar 24 Jun 2005
Prime minister Sanj Bayar 22 Nov 2007
User:The Three Headed Knight/Flagicon Montenegro President Filip Vujanovic [62] 22 May 2003
Prime minister Sanj Bayar 22 Nov 2007
User:The Three Headed Knight/Flagicon Morocco King Muhammad VI 23 Jul 1999
Prime minister Abbas El Fassi 19 Sep 2007
User:The Three Headed Knight/Flagicon Mozambique President Armando Guebuza [63] 2 Feb 2005
Prime minister Luisa Diogo 17 Feb 2004

States - N-R[change | change source]

State Status Name Since
User:The Three Headed Knight/Flagicon Namibia President Hifikepunye Pohamba 21 Mar 2005
Prime minister Nahas Angula 21 Mar 2005
User:The Three Headed Knight/Flagicon Nauru President Marcus Stephen 19 Dec 2007
User:The Three Headed Knight/Flagicon Nepal King Gyanendra Bir Bikram Shah Deva [64] 4 Jun 2001
Girija Prasad Koirala (acting head of state) 15 Jan 2007
Prime minister Girija Prasad Koirala [65] 30 Apr 2006
User:The Three Headed Knight/Flagicon The Netherlands Queen Beatrix 30 Apr 1980
Prime minister Jan Peter Balkenende 22 Jul 2002
User:The Three Headed Knight/Flagicon New Zealand Queen Elizabeth II 6 Feb 1952
Governor-general Anand Satyanand 23 Aug 2006
Prime minister Helen Clark 10 Dec 1999
User:The Three Headed Knight/Flagicon Nicaragua President Daniel Ortega [66] 10 Jan 2007
User:The Three Headed Knight/Flagicon Niger President Mamadou Tandja 22 Dec 1999
Prime minister Seyni Oumarou 7 Jun 2007
User:The Three Headed Knight/Flagicon Nigeria President Umaru Musa Yar'Adua 29 May 2007
User:The Three Headed Knight/Flagicon Norway King Harald V [67] 17 Jan 1991
Prime minister Jens Stoltenberg [68] 7 Jun 2007
User:The Three Headed Knight/Flagicon Oman Sultan Qabus ibn Sa`id 23 Jul 1970
Prime minister Qabus ibn Sa`id 2 Jan 1972
User:The Three Headed Knight/Flagicon Pakistan President Pervez Musharraf [69] 20 Jun 2001
Prime minister Mohammadmian Soomro 16 Nov 2007
User:The Three Headed Knight/Flagicon Palau President Tommy Remengesau 1 Jan 2001
User:The Three Headed Knight/Flagicon Panama President Martín Torrijos 1 Sep 2004
User:The Three Headed Knight/Flagicon Papua New Guinea Queen Elizabeth II 16 Sep 1975
Governor-general Sir Paulias Matane 29 Jun 2004
Prime minister Sir Michael Somare [70] 5 Aug 2002
User:The Three Headed Knight/Flagicon Paraguay President Nicanor Duarte Frutos 15 Aug 2003
User:The Three Headed Knight/Flagicon Peru President Alan García [71] 28 Jul 2006
Prime minister Jorge del Castillo 28 Jul 2006
User:The Three Headed Knight/Flagicon Philippines President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo 20 Jan 2001
User:The Three Headed Knight/Flagicon Poland President Lech Kaczynski 23 Dec 2005
Prime minister Donald Tusk 16 Nov 2007
User:The Three Headed Knight/Flagicon Portugal President Aníbal Cavaco Silva 9 Mar 2006
Prime minister José Sócrates 12 Mar 2005
User:The Three Headed Knight/Flagicon Qatar Emir Sheikh Hamad ibn Khalifah Al Thani 27 Jun 1995
Prime minister Sheikh Hamad ibn Jassim ibn Jabr Al Thani 3 Apr 2007
User:The Three Headed Knight/Flagicon Romania President Traian Basescu [72] 20 Dec 2004
Prime minister Calin Popescu-Tariceanu 29 Dec 2004
User:The Three Headed Knight/Flagicon Russia President Dmitry Medvedev [73] 31 Dec 1999
Prime minister Vladimir Putin 14 Sep 2007
User:The Three Headed Knight/Flagicon Rwanda President Paul Kagame [74] 24 Mar 2000
Prime minister Bernard Makuza 8 Mar 2000

States - S[change | change source]

State Status Name Since
User:The Three Headed Knight/Flagicon Saint Kitts and Nevis Queen Elizabeth II 19 Sep 1983
Governor-general Sir Cuthbert Sebastian 1 Jan 1996
Prime minister Denzil Douglas 7 Jul 1995
User:The Three Headed Knight/Flagicon Saint Lucia Queen Elizabeth II 22 Feb 1979
Governor-general Dame Pearlette Louisy 17 Sep 1997
Prime minister Stephenson King [75] 1 May 2007
User:The Three Headed Knight/Flagicon Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Queen Elizabeth II 27 Oct 1979
Governor-general Sir Frederick Ballantyne 2 Sep 2002
Prime minister Ralph Gonsalves 29 Mar 2001
User:The Three Headed Knight/Flagicon Samoa Head of state Tuiatua Tupua Tamasese Efi [76] 20 Jun 2007
Prime minister Tuilaepa Sailele Malielegaoi 23 Nov 1998
User:The Three Headed Knight/Flagicon San Marino Captains-regent Mirko Tomassoni 1 Oct 2007
Alberto Selva 1 Oct 2007
User:The Three Headed Knight/Flagicon São Tomé and Príncipe President Fradique de Menezes [77] 23 Jul 2003
Prime minister Tomé Vera Cruz 21 Apr 2006
User:The Three Headed Knight/Flagicon Saudi Arabia King Abdullah [78] 1 Aug 2005
Prime minister Abdullah 1 Aug 2005
User:The Three Headed Knight/Flagicon Senegal President Abdoulaye Wade 1 Apr 2000
Prime minister Cheikh Hadjibou Soumaré 19 Jun 2007
User:The Three Headed Knight/Flagicon Serbia President Boris Tadic 11 Jul 2004
Prime minister Vojislav Kostunica 3 Mar 2004
User:The Three Headed Knight/Flagicon Seychelles President James Michel 14 Apr 2004
User:The Three Headed Knight/Flagicon Sierra Leone President Ernest Bai Koroma 17 Sep 2007
User:The Three Headed Knight/Flagicon Singapore President S.R. Nathan 1 Sep 1999
Prime minister Lee Hsien Loong 12 Aug 2004
User:The Three Headed Knight/Flagicon Slovakia President Ivan Gasparovic 15 Jun 2004
Prime minister Robert Fico 4 Jul 2006
User:The Three Headed Knight/Flagicon Slovenia President Danilo Türk 22 Dec 2007
Prime minister Janez Jansa 9 Nov 2004
User:The Three Headed Knight/Flagicon Solomon Islands Queen Elizabeth II 7 Jul 1978
Governor-general Sir Nathaniel Waena 7 Jul 2004
Prime minister Derek Sikua 20 Dec 2007
User:The Three Headed Knight/Flagicon Somalia President Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed [79] 14 Oct 2004
Prime minister Nur Hassan Hussein 24 Nov 2007
User:The Three Headed Knight/Flagicon South Africa President Thabo Mbeki 16 Jun 1999
User:The Three Headed Knight/Flagicon Spain King Juan Carlos I [80] 22 Nov 1975
Prime minister José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero 17 Apr 2004
User:The Three Headed Knight/Flagicon Sri Lanka President Mahinda Rajapakse [81] 19 Nov 2005
Prime minister Ratnasiri Wickremanayake [82] 21 Nov 2005
User:The Three Headed Knight/Flagicon The Sudan President Omar Hassan Ahmad al-Bashir [83] 30 Jun 1989
User:The Three Headed Knight/Flagicon Suriname President Ronald Venetiaan [84] 12 Aug 2000
Vice president [85] Ram Sardjoe 12 Aug 2005
User:The Three Headed Knight/Flagicon Swaziland King Mswati III 25 Apr 1986
Prime minister Themba Dlamini 26 Nov 2003
User:The Three Headed Knight/Flagicon Sweden King Carl XVI Gustaf 15 Sep 1973
Prime minister Fredrik Reinfeldt 6 Oct 2006
User:The Three Headed Knight/Flagicon Switzerland President [86] Pascal Couchepin 1 Jan 2008
User:The Three Headed Knight/Flagicon Syria President Bashar al-Assad 17 Jul 2000
Prime minister Muhammad Naji al-Otari 10 Sep 2003

States - T[change | change source]

State Status Name Since
User:The Three Headed Knight/Flagicon Taiwan President Chen Shui-bian 20 May 2000
President of the Executive Yuan Chang Chun-hsiung [87] 21 May 2007
User:The Three Headed Knight/Flagicon Tajikistan President Emomalii Rakhmon [88] 19 Nov 1992
Prime minister Akil Akilov 20 Dec 1999
User:The Three Headed Knight/Flagicon Tanzania President Jakaya Kikwete 21 Dec 2005
Prime minister Edward Lowassa 30 Dec 2005
User:The Three Headed Knight/Flagicon Thailand King Bhumibol Adulyadej 9 Jun 1946
Prime minister Samak Sundaravej 29 Jan 2008
User:The Three Headed Knight/Flagicon Togo President Faure Gnassingbé [89] 4 May 2005
Prime minister Komlan Mally 6 Dec 2007
User:The Three Headed Knight/Flagicon Tonga King George Tupou V 11 Sep 2006
Prime minister Feleti Sevele [90] 11 Feb 2006
User:The Three Headed Knight/Flagicon Trinidad and Tobago President Maxwell Richards 17 Mar 2003
Prime minister Patrick Manning [91] 24 Dec 2001
User:The Three Headed Knight/Flagicon Tunisia President Zine El Abidine Ben Ali 7 Nov 1987
Prime minister Mohamed Ghannouchi 17 Nov 1999
User:The Three Headed Knight/Flagicon Turkey President Abdullah Gül 28 Aug 2007
Prime minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan 14 Mar 2003
User:The Three Headed Knight/Flagicon Turkmenistan President Gurbanguly Berdymukhammedov [92] 21 Dec 2006
User:The Three Headed Knight/Flagicon Tuvalu Queen Elizabeth II 1 Oct 1978
Governor-general Sir Filoimea Telito 15 Apr 2005
Prime minister Apisai Ielemia 14 Aug 2006

States - U-Z[change | change source]

State Status Name Since
User:The Three Headed Knight/Flagicon Uganda President Yoweri Museveni [93] 26 Jan 1986
Prime minister Apolo Nsibambi 5 Apr 1999
User:The Three Headed Knight/Flagicon Ukraine President Viktor Yushchenko 23 Jan 2005
Prime minister Yuliya Tymoshenko [94] 18 Dec 2007
User:The Three Headed Knight/Flagicon United Arab Emirates President Sheikh Khalifa ibn Zaid Al Nahayan 3 Nov 2004
Prime minister Sheikh Muhammad ibn Rashid Al Maktum 5 Jan 2006
User:The Three Headed Knight/Flagicon United Kingdom Queen Elizabeth II 6 Feb 1952
Prime minister David Cameron 11 May 2010
User:The Three Headed Knight/Flagicon United States President Barack Obama 20 Jan 2009
User:The Three Headed Knight/Flagicon Uruguay President Tabaré Vázquez 1 Mar 2005
User:The Three Headed Knight/Flagicon Uzbekistan President Islam Karimov [95] 24 Mar 1990
Prime minister Shavkat Mirziyayev 11 Dec 2003
User:The Three Headed Knight/Flagicon Vanuatu President Kalkot Mataskelekele 16 Aug 2004
Prime minister Ham Lini 11 Dec 2004
User:The Three Headed Knight/Flagicon Vatican City (Holy See) Sovereign Benedictus XVI 19 Apr 2005
Secretary of state Tarcisio Cardinal Bertone 15 Sep 2006
User:The Three Headed Knight/Flagicon Venezuela President Hugo Chávez [96] 14 Apr 2002
Executive vice-president Ramón Carrizalez 6 Jan 2008
User:The Three Headed Knight/Flagicon Vietnam General secretary of the Communist Party Nong Duc Manh 22 Apr 2001
President Nguyen Minh Triet 27 Jun 2006
Prime minister Nguyen Tan Dung 27 Jun 2006
User:The Three Headed Knight/Flagicon Yemen President Ali Abdullah Saleh [97] 22 May 1990
Prime minister Ali Muhammad Mujawar 7 Apr 2007
User:The Three Headed Knight/Flagicon Zambia President Levy Mwanawasa 2 Jan 2002
User:The Three Headed Knight/Flagicon Zimbabwe President Robert Mugabe [98] 31 Dec 1987

Quasi states[change | change source]

State Status Name Since
User:The Three Headed Knight/Flagicon Kosovo Prefect of Kosovo district Srdjan Vasic 28 Sep 2004
Administrator [99] Joachim Rücker (Germany) 1 Sep 2006
President Fatmir Sejdiu 10 Feb 2006
Prime minister Hashim Thaçi 9 Jan 2008
User:The Three Headed Knight/Flagicon Sovereign Military Order of Malta [100] Grand master Fra' Giacomo Dalla Torre (acting) 7 Feb 2008
Grand chancellor Jean-Pierre Mazery [101] 3 Nov 2004
User:The Three Headed Knight/Flagicon Palestine [102] President Mahmoud Abbas 15 Jan 2005
Prime minister Salam Fayyad [103] 17 Jun 2007
User:The Three Headed Knight/Flagicon Western Sahara [104] President Mohamed Abdelaziz [105] 30 Aug 1976
Prime minister Abdelkader Taleb Oumar 29 Oct 2003

De facto independent states[change | change source]

State Status Name Since
User:The Three Headed Knight/Flagicon Abkhazia President Sergey Bagapsh 12 Feb 2005
Prime minister Aleksandr Ankvab 14 Feb 2005
User:The Three Headed Knight/Flagicon Transnistria President Igor Smirnov [106] 2 Sep 1990
User:The Three Headed Knight/Flagicon Nagorno-Karabakh President Bako Sahakyan 7 Sep 2007
Prime minister Araik Arutyunyan 14 Sep 2007
User:The Three Headed Knight/Flagicon North Cyprus President Mehmet Ali Talat [107] 24 Apr 2005
Prime minister Ferdi Sabit Soyer 26 Apr 2005
User:The Three Headed Knight/Flagicon Somaliland President Dahir Riyale Kahin 3 May 2002
User:The Three Headed Knight/Flagicon South Ossetia President Eduard Kokoyty 18 Dec 2001
Prime minister Yury Morozov 5 Jul 2005

Govenments in exile/alternative governments[change | change source]

State Status Name Since
User:The Three Headed Knight/Flagicon Abkhazia [108] Chairman of the Supreme Council Temur Mzhavia 16 Mar 2004
Prime minister Malkhaz Akishbaya 21 Mar 2006
User:The Three Headed Knight/Flagicon Belarus Chairman of the Rada Ivonka Survilla 1997
User:The Three Headed Knight/Flagicon Republic of Estonia in exile Prime minister acting as president Kalev Ots [109] 28 Nov 2003
Acting prime minister Ahti Mänd 7 Dec 2003
User:The Three Headed Knight/Flagicon Chechnya Emir Doku Umarov [110] 7 Oct 2007
User:The Three Headed Knight/Flagicon South Moluccas President Frans L.J. Tutuhatunewa [111] 10 Apr 1993
User:The Three Headed Knight/Flagicon South Ossetia [112] President Dmitry Sanakoyev 1 Dec 2006
Prime minister Uruzmag Karkusov 7 Dec 2006
User:The Three Headed Knight/Flagicon Tibet Dalai Lama Tenzin Gyatso [113] 25 Aug 1939
Chairman of the Cabinet Samdhong Rinpoche 5 Sep 2001

Notes[change | change source]

  1. ↑ Chairman of the Interim Administration to 19 Jun 2002.
  2. ↑ Previously president from 9 Apr 1992 to 24 Jul 1997.
  3. ↑ Acting to 21 Sep 1979.
  4. ↑ Acting to 9 Apr 1998.
  5. ↑ In Azeri, "İlham Əliyev".
  6. ↑ In Azeri, "Artur Rasizadə". Acting for Aliyev to 4 Nov 2003. Previously prime minister from 20 Jul 1996 to 4 Aug 2003 (acting to 26 Nov 1996)
  7. ↑ Previously from 21 Aug 1992 to 3 May 2002.
  8. ↑ Emir from 6 Mar 1999 to 14 Feb 2002.
  9. ↑ President of the State Council to 16 Aug 1971.
  10. ↑ Acting to 19 Dec 2003.
  11. ↑ Previously from 14 Aug 2002 to 30 Aug 2003.
  12. ↑ The presidency is tripartite : the members are Željko Komšić (Croatian, since 6 Nov 2006), Nebojša Radmanović (Serb, since 6 Nov 2006), Haris Silajdžić (Bosniak, since 6 Nov 2006).
  13. ↑ President of Popular Front (from 31 Oct 1987 also Head of State) to 24 Dec 1991.
  14. ↑ Chairmen of the State Law and Order Restoration Council to 15 Nov 1997.
  15. ↑ Acting to 24 Oct 2007 (for Soe Win to 12 Oct 2007).
  16. ↑ Prime minister to 2 Jul 1993, coequal prime minister from 2 Jul 1993 to 21 Sep 1993, second prime minister from 21 Sep 1993 to 30 Nov 1998.
  17. ↑ From 26 Jan 2006, Idriss Déby Itno. President of Patriotic Salvation Movement 2-4 Dec 1990, Head of State 4 Dec 1990 - 4 Mar 1991).
  18. ↑ Previously from 6 Nov 1993 to 8 Apr 1995.
  19. ↑ De facto in control from 15 Oct 1997. Previously member of the Military Committee of the Congolese Labour Party (18 Mar - 3 Apr 1977) and president from 8 Feb 1979 to 31 Aug 1992 (Head of State to 14 Aug 1979).
  20. ↑ Interim to 26 Jan 2001.
  21. ↑ Previously president from 31 Mar 1961 to 5 Aug 1961 (Head of State, in rebellion, at Stanleyville) and prime minister from 13 Dec 1960 to 5 Aug 1961 (in rebellion, at Stanleyville).
  22. ↑ Previously from 8 May 1986 to 8 May 1990.
  23. ↑ Previously prime minister from 30 May to 24 Aug 1990. Also president of the Collective Presidency of Yugoslavia (1 Jul - 3 Oct 1991).
  24. ↑ Communist Party of Cuba = to 26 Mar 1962, Integrated Revolutionary Organizations (ORI); 26 Mar 1962 - 3 Oct 1965, United Party of the Cuban Socialist Revolution (PUSC).
  25. ↑ Premier from 16 Feb 1959 to 2 Dec 1976.
  26. ↑ Previously acting president (1 Jan - 2 Feb 1993).
  27. ↑ Previously from 16 Aug 1996 to 16 Aug 2000.
  28. ↑ Previously prime minister from 26 Jun 2006 to 19 May 2007 (acting to 10 Jul 2006).
  29. ↑ Previously president from 20 May 2002 to 20 May 2007.
  30. ↑ Chairman Revolutionary Military Council to 25 Aug 1979, chairman Supreme Military Council 25 Aug 1979 - 12 Oct 1982.
  31. ↑ Secretary-general of the Provisional Government to 24 May 1993.
  32. ↑ Previously president (interim) from 28 May 1991 to 22 Aug 1995.
  33. ↑ Interim to 15 Mar 2001. From 5 Dec 2006 to 4 Jan 2007, Voreqe Bainimarama is acting president for suspended Iloilo.
  34. ↑ Interim. Previously acting president from 5 Dec 2006 to 4 Jan 2007.
  35. ↑ Chairman Armed Forces Provisional Ruling Council to 28 Sep 1996; Head of State to 18 Oct 1996.
  36. ↑ Previously from 25 Jan 2004 to 25 Nov 2007.
  37. ↑ Chairman Military Committee of National Restoration to 5 Apr 1984.
  38. ↑ Acting.
  39. ↑ Previously prime minister from 9 Aug 1999 to 11 Aug 1999.
  40. ↑ Previously president from 6 Mar 1997 to 19 Dec 1997, and prime minister from 9 Oct 1992 to 17 Mar 1997 and from 22 Dec 1997 to 9 Aug 1999.
  41. ↑ Previously prime minister from 13 Feb 1991 to 11 Oct 1991 and president from 7 Feb 1996 to 7 Feb 2001.
  42. ↑ Previously prime minister from 22 Apr 1977 to 21 Jun 1977 (acting), from 14 Sep 1984 to 20 Oct 1986, and from 4 Nov 1995 to 18 Jun 1996 (acting to 22 Nov 1995).
  43. ↑ Previously prime minister, 18 June 1996 – 6 July 1999
  44. ↑ Previously from 18 May 1996 to 21 Oct 1998.
  45. ↑ Previously first secretary of the Communist Party of the Kazakh S.S.R. (22 Jun 1989 - 28 Aug 1991), Chairman of the Supreme Soviet (22 Feb 1990 - 24 Apr 1990), chairman of the Council of Ministers (27 Jul 1989 - 14 Oct 1991).
  46. ↑ Declared "the highest post of the state" 5 Sep 1998.
  47. ↑ From 12 Mar 2004 to 14 May 2004, Goh Kun is acting president for suspended Roh. On 19 Dec 2007, Lee Myung Bak is elected president.
  48. ↑ Previously acting prime minister from 14 Mar 2006 to 19 Apr 2006.
  49. ↑ Prime minister from 13 Jul 2003 to 7 Feb 2006.
  50. ↑ Acting to 14 Aug 2005.
  51. ↑ On Dec 5 hands in his resignation. On Dec 14 Ivars Godmanis is asked to form a new cabinet.
  52. ↑ A presidential election is scheduled on 11 Feb 2008.
  53. ↑ Previously from 12 Nov 1990 to 25 Jan 1995.
  54. ↑ Regent from 26 Aug 1984 to 13 Nov 1989.
  55. ↑ Previously from 26 Feb 1998 to 25 Feb 2003.
  56. ↑ Regent from 3 Mar 1998 to 7 Oct 2000.
  57. ↑ Previously from 21 Nov 2001 to 13 Dec 2001 (acting).
  58. ↑ Previously from 26 Mar 1991 to 8 Jun 1992 (chairman National Reconciliation Council to 31 Mar 1991, then chairman Transitional Committee for the Salvation of the People).
  59. ↑ Previously prime minister from 16 Jun 1982 to 22 Dec 1995 and from 17 Sep 2000 to 30 Sep 2003.
  60. ↑ Previously from 22 Dec 1995 - 17 Sep 2000.
  61. ↑ Regent from 31 Mar 2005 to 6 Apr 2005.
  62. ↑ Previously prime minister (5 Feb 1998 - 8 Jan 2003) and acting president (25 Nov 2002 - 19 May 2003).
  63. ↑ Previously member of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee of FRELIMO acting as president (19 Oct 1986 - 6 Nov 1986).
  64. ↑ Regent for Dipendra (2-4 Jun 2001); suspended from 15 Jan 2007. Previously king from 7 Nov 1950 to 7 Jan 1951.
  65. ↑ Previously from 26 May 1991 to 30 Nov 1994, from 15 Apr 1998 to 31 May 1999, and from 22 Mar 2000 to 26 Jul 2001.
  66. ↑ Previously member of the Government Junta of National Reconstruction (18 Jul 1979 - 10 Jan 1985 ; coordinator from 4 Mar 1981) and president from 10 Jan 1985 to 25 Apr 1990.
  67. ↑ Crown Prince Haakon regent from 25 Nov 2003 to 13 Apr 2004 and from 29 Mar 2005 to 7 Jun 2005.
  68. ↑ Previously from 17 Mar 2000 to 19 Oct 2001.
  69. ↑ Previously prime minister ("chief executive") from 14 Oct 1999 to 23 Nov 2002.
  70. ↑ Previously prime minister from 27 Apr 1972 to 11 Mar 1980 (chief minister to 16 sep 1975) and from 2 Aug 1982 to 21 Nov 1985.
  71. ↑ Previously from 28 Jul 1985 to 28 Jul 1990.
  72. ↑ From 20 Apr to 23 May 2007, Nicolae Vacaroiu is acting for suspended Basescu.
  73. ↑ Acting to 7 May 2000.
  74. ↑ Acting to 22 Apr 2000.
  75. ↑ Acting to 9 Sep 2007.
  76. ↑ Previously member of the council of deputies acting as head of state (11 May - 20 Jun 2007).
  77. ↑ Previously from 3 Sep 2001 to 16 Jul 2003.
  78. ↑ Previously regent (1 Jan - 21 Feb 1996).
  79. ↑ In Nairobi exile to 13 Jun 2005, from 26 Jul 2005 in Jowhar, from 26 Feb 2006 in Baidoa, from 8 Jan 2007 in Mogadishu.
  80. ↑ Previously acting head of state (19 Jul - 2 Sep 1974 and 30 Oct - 20 Nov 1975).
  81. ↑ Previously prime minister from 6 Apr 2004 to 21 Nov 2005.
  82. ↑ Previously from 10 Aug 2000 to 9 Dec 2001.
  83. ↑ President of Revolutionary Command Council for National Salvation to 16 Oct 1993.
  84. ↑ Previously from 16 Sep 1991 to 15 Sep 1996.
  85. ↑ Chairing the Council of Ministers ex officio.
  86. ↑ The presidency (Federal Council) is collegial, the president of the Swiss Confederation serves solely in a primus inter pares capacity for one year. The members of the Federal Council are Moritz Leuenberger (since 1 Nov 1995), Pascal Couchepin (since 1 Apr 1999), Samuel Schmid (since 1 Jan 2001), Micheline Calmy-Rey (since 1 Jan 2003), Hans-Rudolf Merz (since 1 Jan 2004, vice-president of the Confederation for 2008), Doris Leuthard (since 1 Aug 2006), Eveline Widmer-Schlumpf (since 1 Jan 2008).
  87. ↑ Previously from 6 Oct 2000 to 1 Feb 2002.
  88. ↑ Acting to 27 Nov 1992; chairman Supreme Council 27 Nov 1992 - 16 Nov 1994.
  89. ↑ Previously from 5 to 25 Feb 2005 (acting to 21)
  90. ↑ Acting to 30 Mar 2006.
  91. ↑ Previously from 17 Dec 1991 to 9 Nov 1995.
  92. ↑ Acting to 14 Feb 2007.
  93. ↑ Commander National Resistance Army to 29 Jan 1986.
  94. ↑ Previously from 24 Jan 2005 to 8 Sep 2005.
  95. ↑ Previously first secretary of the Communist Party of the Uzbek S.S.R. (23 Jun 1989 - 3 Nov 1991).
  96. ↑ Previously from 2 Feb 1999 to 12 Apr 2002.
  97. ↑ Chairman Presidential Council to 1 Oct 1994. Previously president of North Yemen (18 Jul 1978 - 22 May 1990).
  98. ↑ Previously prime minister (18 Apr 1980 - 31 Dec 1987).
  99. ↑ Head of United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo.
  100. ↑ Though without a territory since 1798, the Sovereign Military Order of Malta still regards itself, and is regarded by several states that give it diplomatic recognition, as a sovereign state.
  101. ↑ Acting to 16 Apr 2005.
  102. ↑ Palestinian Authority created to administer most of Gaza Strip and parts of West Bank (Jericho area handed over 13 May 1994, Gaza Strip 18 May 1994, Jenin 13 Nov 1995, Tulkarem 10 Dec 1995, Nablus 11 Dec 1995, Qalqilya 16 Dec 1995, Bethlehem 21 Dec 1995, Ramallah 27 Dec 1995, 80% of Hebron 17 Jan 1997).
  103. ↑ Ismail Haniya, prime minister from 29 Mar 2006 to 14 Jun 2007, continues in rebellion in Gaza.
  104. ↑ The Saharan Arab Democratic Republic is currently recognized by about 60 countries. Morocco retains de facto control..
  105. ↑ Chairman of the Revolutionary Command Council to 16 Oct 1982).
  106. ↑ From 2 Sep 1990 to 1 Dec 1991, chairman of the (to 29 Nov 1990, Provisional) Supreme Soviet; from Dec 1990 chairman of the republic.
  107. ↑ Previously prime minister from 13 Jan 2004 to 26 Apr 2005.
  108. ↑ Pro-Georgian government (in Tbilisi).
  109. ↑ Previously acting prime minister from 15 Sep 1992 to 28 Nov 2003.
  110. ↑ Previously president from 17 Jun 2006 to 7 Oct 2007.
  111. ↑ In Netherlands exile.
  112. ↑ Alternative government.
  113. ↑ 14th Dalai Lama. From 31 Mar 1959 in exile (from 1 May 1960 in Dharamsala, India).

Main source[change | change source]

rulers.org

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