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Template:Infobox fluorine

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Fluorine, 00F
Small sample of pale yellow liquid fluorine condensed in liquid nitrogen
Liquid fluorine (at extremely low temperatures)
Fluorine
Pronunciation
Allotropesalpha, beta (see Allotropes of fluorine)
Appearancegas: very pale yellow
liquid: bright yellow
solid: alpha is opaque, beta is transparent
Standard atomic weight Ar°(F)
18.998403163(6)[1]
Fluorine in the periodic table
Hydrogen Helium
Lithium Beryllium Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon
Sodium Magnesium Aluminium Silicon Phosphorus Sulfur Chlorine Argon
Potassium Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Iron Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton
Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium Palladium Silver Cadmium Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon
Caesium Barium Lanthanum Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium Lutetium Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gold Mercury (element) Thallium Lead Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon
Francium Radium Actinium Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curium Berkelium Californium Einsteinium Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium Lawrencium Rutherfordium Dubnium Seaborgium Bohrium Hassium Meitnerium Darmstadtium Roentgenium Copernicium Nihonium Flerovium Moscovium Livermorium Tennessine Oganesson


F

Cl
oxygenfluorineneon
Groupgroup 17 (halogens)
Periodperiod 2
Block  p-block
Electron configuration[He] 2s2 2p5[2]
Electrons per shell2, 7
Physical properties
Phase at STPgas
Melting point53.48 K ​(−219.67 °C, ​−363.41 °F)[3]
Boiling point85.03 K ​(−188.11 °C, ​−306.60 °F)[3]
Density (at STP)1.696 g/L[4]
when liquid (at b.p.)1.505 g/cm3[5]
Triple point53.48 K, ​90 kPa[3]
Critical point144.41 K, 5.1724 MPa[3]
Heat of vaporization6.51 kJ/mol[4]
Molar heat capacityCp: 31 J/(mol·K)[5] (at 21.1 °C)
Cv: 23 J/(mol·K)[5] (at 21.1 °C)
Vapor pressure
P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k
at T (K) 38 44 50 58 69 85
Atomic properties
Oxidation states−1, 0[6] (oxidizes oxygen)
ElectronegativityPauling scale: 3.98[2]
Ionization energies
  • 1st: 1681 kJ/mol
  • 2nd: 3374 kJ/mol
  • 3rd: 6147 kJ/mol
  • (more)[7]
Covalent radius64 pm[8]
Van der Waals radius135 pm[9]
Color lines in a spectral range
Spectral lines of fluorine
Other properties
Natural occurrenceprimordial
Crystal structurecubic
Cubic crystal structure for fluorine
Thermal conductivity0.02591 W/(m⋅K)[10]
Magnetic orderingdiamagnetic (−1.2×10−4)[11][12]
CAS Number7782-41-4[2]
History
Namingafter the mineral fluorite, itself named after Latin fluo (to flow, in smelting)
DiscoveryAndré-Marie Ampère (1810)
First isolationHenri Moissan[2] (June 26, 1886)
Named byHumphry Davy
Isotopes of fluorine
Main isotopes Decay
abun­dance half-life (t1/2) mode pro­duct
18F trace 109.734 min β+ 18O
19F 100% stable
 Category: Fluorine
| references
Data sets read by {{Infobox element}}
Name and identifiers
Symbol etymology (11 non-trivial)
Top image (caption, alt)
Pronunciation
Allotropes (overview)
Group (overview)
Period (overview)
Block (overview)
Natural occurrence
Phase at STP
Oxidation states
Spectral lines image
Electron configuration (cmt, ref)
Isotopes
Standard atomic weight
  most stable isotope
Wikidata
Wikidata *
* Not used in {{Infobox element}} (2023-01-01)
See also {{Index of data sets}} · Cat:data sets (11) · (this table: )

References

  1. "Standard Atomic Weights: Fluorine". CIAAW. 2013.
  2. 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 Jaccaud et al. 2000, p. 381.
  3. 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Haynes 2011, p. 4.121.
  4. 4.0 4.1 Jaccaud et al. 2000, p. 382.
  5. 5.0 5.1 5.2 Compressed Gas Association 1999, p. 365.
  6. Himmel, D.; Riedel, S. (2007). "After 20 Years, Theoretical Evidence That 'AuF7' Is Actually AuF5·F2". Inorganic Chemistry. 46 (13). 5338–5342. doi:10.1021/ic700431s.
  7. Dean 1999, p. 4.6.
  8. Dean 1999, p. 4.35.
  9. Matsui 2006, p. 257.
  10. Yaws & Braker 2001, p. 385.
  11. Mackay, Mackay & Henderson 2002, p. 72.
  12. Cheng et al. 1999.
  13. 13.0 13.1 Chisté & Bé 2011.

One of these is a named reference. It may be cited in the containing article as

  • <ref name="CIAAW2016" /> for the source Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (from subtemplates used by {{Infobox element}})

The others are shortened footnotes created with {{sfn}}. In the Flourine article they are hyperlinked to sources in the list at Flourine#Indexed references.