52 Europa
 Europa as seen in 24 inch telescope |
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| Discovery | |
|---|---|
| Discovered by | H. Goldschmidt |
| Discovery date | February 04, 1858 |
| Designations | |
| Alternative names | 1948 LA |
| Minor planet category | Main belt |
| Orbital characteristics | |
| Epoch November 26, 2005 (JD 2453700.5) | |
| Aphelion | 511.201 Gm (3.417 AU) |
| Perihelion | 416.621 Gm (2.785 AU) |
| Semi-major axis | 463.911 Gm (3.101 AU) |
| Eccentricity | 0.102 |
| Orbital period | 1994.629 d (5.46 a) |
| Average orbital speed | 16.87 km/s |
| Mean anomaly | 70.730° |
| Inclination | 7.466° |
| Longitude of ascending node | 128.992° |
| Argument of perihelion | 343.553° |
| Physical characteristics | |
| Dimensions | 360×315×240 km[1][2] |
| Mass | 5.2±1.8×1019 kg[3] |
| Mean density | 3.6±1.2 g/cm³ |
| Equatorial surface gravity | ~0.11 m/s² |
| Escape velocity | ~0.20 km/s |
| Rotation period | 0.2347 d [4] |
52 Europa is an asteroid. It has a diameter of 289 km, and was found on February 4, 1858 by H. Goldschmidt. It is named after Europa, one of Zeus's conquests in Greek mythology. Europa is the seventh biggest asteroid by volume and the sixth biggest by mass (after Ceres, Vesta, Pallas, Hygiea, and Interamnia) and contains somewhat less than 2% of the mass of the entire main belt.
It is a very dark carbonaceous C-type, and the fourth-biggest of these. It orbits close to the Hygiea asteroid family, but is not a member. Spectroscopic studies have found evidence of olivines and pyroxenes on the surface.
Lightcurve data for Europa has been very hard to interpret, so much so for a long time its period of rotation was in dispute (5 and a half, or 11 hours?) despite many observations[8]. It has now been determined that Europa is a prograde rotator, but the exact direction in which its pole points remains unclear. The most detailed analysis indicates that it points either towards about ecliptic coordinates (β, λ) = (70°, 55°) or (40°, 255°) with a 10° uncertainty [2]. This gives an axial tilt of about 14° or 54°, respectively.
It has been found that the star CV Aquarii found in 1934, was actually an incorrect misidentification of 52 Europa[5].
52 Europa should not be confused with Jupiter's moon Europa.
References [change]
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T. Michałowski et al. Photometry and models of selected main belt asteroids I. 52 Europa, 115 Thyra, and 382 Dodona, Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 416, p. 353 (2004).
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G. Michalak Determination of asteroid masses II. (6) Hebe, (10) Hygiea, (15) Eunomia, (52) Europa, (88) Thisbe, (444) Gyptis, (511) Davida and (704) Interamnia, Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 374, p. 703 (2001)
- PDS lightcurve data
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E. Dotto et al. ISO results on bright Main Belt asteroids: PHT – S observations, Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 358, p. 1133 (2000).
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S.R. Sawyer A High-Resolution CCD Spectroscopic Survey of Low-Albedo Main Belt Asteroids, PhD thesis, The University of Texas (1991).
- P. Schmeer and M.L. Hazen CV Aquarii identified with (52) Europa, Journal of the American Association of Variable Star Observers, Vol. 28, p. 103 (2000).
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V. Zappalà, M. di Martino and S. Cacciatori On the ambiguity of rotational periods of asteroids - The peculiar case of 52 Europa, Icarus, Vol. 56, p. 319 (1983).
Other websites [change]
- "(52) Europa". CBAT/MPC/ICQ Index. http://cfa-www.harvard.edu/iau/Ephemerides/Bright/2003/00052.html. Retrieved 2005-08-12.
- shape model deduced from lightcurve
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