In studies of highschool and college students, no detrimental effect was found to grade point averages or probability of graduation [6][7][8]
Studies suggest that cannabis has no significant impact on learning [9] or motivation [10] unless given unless subjects were required consume unusually high doses and even then, the effects were mild and only lasted one day. [11]
Respiratory/Cardiovascular function
Smoking has tar, tar causes cancer
Vaporizers reduce the adverse effects of smoking. [12][13][14]
Correlation between cannabis use and some psychoses [22][23]
Causation is still debated
Some studies conclude that cannabis seems to cause psychoses [24]
Some studies conclude that psychosis seems to cause cannabis use [25][26]
A statistical analysis of psychotic episodes associated with cannabis use found solid evidence that use did not cause an increased probability of becoming schitzophenic. [27]
A 2005 meta analysis of available data which evaluated several hypotheses regarding the correlation of cannabis and psychosis found that there is no support for the hypothesis that cannabis can cause cases of psychosis which would not have occurred otherwise [28]
Function MRI shows change in brain function from chronic use [29]
No long term behavioral effects have been linked to these changes [30][31][32][33]
It is possible that marijuana may have some neuroprotective properties in mitigating alcohol-related oxidative stress or excitotoxic cell death. [34]
↑Jones, R.T.; et al. (1976). "Clinical Studies of Cannabis Tolerance and Dependence". Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 282: 221–39. {{cite journal}}: Explicit use of et al. in: |author= (help)
↑Stefanis. C.; et al. (1976). "Experimental Observations of a 3-Day Hashish Abstinence Period and Reintroduction of Use". Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 282: 113–20. {{cite journal}}: Explicit use of et al. in: |author= (help)
↑Cohen, S.; et al. (1976). "The 94-Day Study". The Pharmacology of Marijuana: 621–26. {{cite journal}}: Explicit use of et al. in: |author= (help)
↑McGlothlin, H.W. and West, L.J. (1968). "The Marijuana Problem: An Overview". American Journal of Psychiatry. 125: 1126–34.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
↑Smith, D.E. (1968). "The Acute and Chronic Toxicity of Marijuana". Journal of Psychedelic Drugs. 2: 37–48.
↑Brill, N.O. and Christie, R.L. (1974). "Marijuana Use and Psychosocial Adaptation". Archives of General Psychiatry. 31: 713–19.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
↑Kupfer, D.J.; et al. (1973). "A Comment on the Amotivational Syndrome in Marijuana Smokers". American Journal of Psychiatry. 130: 1319–22. {{cite journal}}: Explicit use of et al. in: |author= (help)
↑Mellinger, G.D.; et al. (1976). "The Amotivational Syndrome and the College Student". Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 282: 37–55. {{cite journal}}: Explicit use of et al. in: |author= (help)
↑Cohen, S. (1976). "The 94-Day Cannabis Study". Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 282: 211–20.
↑Mendelson, J.H.; et al. (1976). "The Effects of Marijuana Use on Human Operant Behavior: Individual Data". The Pharmacology of Marijuana. 2 (M.C. Braude and S. Szara (eds)): 643–53. {{cite journal}}: Explicit use of et al. in: |author= (help)
↑Campbell, I. "The Amotivational Syndrome and Cannabis use with Emphasis on the Canadian Scene". Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 282: 33–36.
↑S. Aldington, M. Harwood, B. Cox, M. Weatherall, L. Beckert, A. Hansell, A. Pritchard, G. Robinson, R. Beasley (2008). "Cannabis use and risk of lung cancer: a case–control study". European Respiratory Journal. 31: 280–86. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
↑McAllister, S.D. , Christian, R.T., Horowitz, M.P., Garcia, A. and Desprez. P (2007). "Cannabidiol as a novel inhibitor of Id-1 gene expression in aggressive breast cancer cells". Molecular Cancer Therapeutics. 6: 2921-2927. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
↑Mikkel Arendt; Preben B. Mortensen; Raben Rosenberg; Carsten B. Pedersen; Berit L. Waltoft (2008). "Familial Predisposition for Psychiatric Disorder: Comparison of Subjects Treated for Cannabis-Induced Psychosis and Schizophrenia". Archives of General Psychiatry. 65 (11): 1269–1274.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
↑Satz, P.; et al. (1976). "Neuropsychologic, Intellectual, and Personality Correlates of Chronic Marijuana Use in Native Costa Ricans". Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 282: 266–306. {{cite journal}}: Explicit use of et al. in: |author= (help)
↑Grant, I.; et al. (1973). "A Neuropsychological Assessment of the Effects of Moderate Marijuana Use". Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease. 156: 278–80. {{cite journal}}: Explicit use of et al. in: |author= (help)
↑Page, J.B. (1988). "Psychosociocultural Perspectives on Chronic Cannabis Use: The Costa Rican Follow-Up". Journal of Psychoactive Drugs. 20: 57–65.
↑Carlin, A.S. and Trupin, E.W. (1977). "The Effect of Long-Term Chronic Marijuana Use on Neuropsychological Functioning". International Journal of the Addictions. 12: 617–24.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
↑J. Jacobusa, T. McQueenyg, S. Bavab, B.C. Schweinsburge, L.R. Frankb, T.T. Yangc and S.F. Taper (2009). "White matter integrity in adolescents with histories of marijuana use and binge drinking". Neurotoxicology and Teratology. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
