View source for Aspirin

{{Infobox drug
| drug_name =
| type =
| IUPAC_name = 2-Acetoxybenzoic acid
| image = Aspirin-skeletal.svg
| width = 100px
| alt =
| caption =
| image2 = Aspirin-B-3D-balls.png
| width2 = 125px

<!--Clinical data-->
| pronounce = acetylsalicylic acid {{IPAc-en|ə|ˌ|s|iː|t|əl|ˌ|s|æ|l|ᵻ|ˈ|s|ɪ|l|ᵻ|k}}
| tradename = [[Bayer#Aspirin|Bayer Aspirin]], many others
| Drugs.com = {{drugs.com|monograph|aspirin}}
| MedlinePlus = a682878
| licence_EU = yes
| licence_US = Aspirin
| pregnancy_AU = C
| pregnancy_US = C
| pregnancy_US_comment = D in the 3rd trimester
| pregnancy_category =
| legal_AU = S2
| legal_AU_comment = except when given intravenously (in which case it is schedule 4), used in animal medicine (schedule 5/6) or when the dose is higher than usual.
| legal_UK = GSL
| legal_US = OTC
| legal_status =
| routes_of_administration = by mouth, rectal, lysine acetylsalicylate may be given [[intravenous therapy|intravenously]] or [[intramuscular injection|intramuscularly]]

<!--Pharmacokinetic data-->
| bioavailability = 80–100%<ref name=MSR>{{cite web|title=Zorprin, Bayer Buffered Aspirin (aspirin) dosing, indications, interactions, adverse effects, and more|work=Medscape Reference|publisher=WebMD|access-date=3 April 2014|url=http://reference.medscape.com/drug/zorprin-bayer-buffered-aspirin-343279#showall|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407080151/http://reference.medscape.com/drug/zorprin-bayer-buffered-aspirin-343279#showall|archive-date=7 April 2014|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
| protein_bound = 80–90%<ref name = MD>{{cite web|title=Aspirin|work=Martindale: The Complete Drug Reference|publisher=Pharmaceutical Press|date=14 January 2014|access-date=3 April 2014|url=http://www.medicinescomplete.com/mc/martindale/current/2601-s.htm|editor=Brayfield, A}}</ref>
| metabolism = [[Liver]], ([[CYP2C19]] and possibly [[CYP3A]]), some is also hydrolysed to salicylate in the gut wall.<ref name = MD/>
| elimination_half-life = Dose-dependent; 2 h to 3 h for low doses (100 mg or less), 15 h to 30 h for large doses.<ref name = MD/>
| excretion = Urine (80–100%), sweat, saliva, feces<ref name = MSR/>

<!--Identifiers-->
| CAS_number = 50-78-2
| CAS_number_Ref = {{cascite|correct|??}}
| ATC_prefix = A01
| ATC_suffix = AD05
| ATC_supplemental = {{ATC|B01|AC06}}, {{ATC|N02|BA01}}
| PubChem = 2244
| IUPHAR_ligand = 4139
| DrugBank = DB00945
| DrugBank_Ref = {{drugbankcite|correct|drugbank}}
| ChemSpiderID = 2157
| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}
| UNII = R16CO5Y76E
| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}}
| KEGG = D00109
| KEGG_Ref = {{keggcite|correct|kegg}}
| ChEBI = 15365
| ChEBI_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}}
| ChEMBL = 25
| ChEMBL_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}}
| PDB_ligand = AIN

<!--Chemical data-->
| synonyms = 2-acetoxybenzoic acid<br />acetylsalicylate<br />acetylsalicylic acid<br />''O''-acetylsalicylic acid
| BAN = Aspirin
| USAN = Aspirin
| C = 9
| H = 8
| O = 4
| molecular_weight = 180.158 g/mol
| smiles = O=C(C)Oc1ccccc1C(=O)O
| StdInChI = 1S/C9H8O4/c1-6(10)13-8-5-3-2-4-7(8)9(11)12/h2-5H,1H3,(H,11,12)
| StdInChIKey = BSYNRYMUTXBXSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| density = 1.40
| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| melting_point = 136
| melting_notes=
| boiling_point = 140
| boiling_notes = (decomposes)
| solubility = 3
| verifiedrevid = 464364671
| INN = acetylsalicylic acid
| Watchedfields = changed
}}
'''Aspirin''' (also known as '''acetylsalicylic acid''') is a drug. It is most commonly used as a pain killer to treat headaches, toothache, and [[period pain]]. It is also used to reduce [[fever]], flu-like sumptoms or colds, and [[inflammation]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|date=2021-09-17|title=About aspirin for pain relief|url=https://www.nhs.uk/medicines/aspirin-for-pain-relief/about-aspirin-for-pain-relief/|access-date=2024-05-26|website=nhs.uk|language=en}}</ref> It usually starts working 20-30 minutes after taking it. 

It has an [[Antiplatelet drug|anti-platelet]] effect, which means it reduces the number of [[platelet]]s in the [[blood]], which in turn reduces blood clotting. Because of this, it is used to treat [[heart attack]]s. Low-dose aspirin is sometimes prescribed to people who are at a greater risk of heart attacks or stroke<ref>{{Cite web|date=16 December 2021|title=About low-dose aspirin|url=https://www.nhs.uk/medicines/low-dose-aspirin/about-low-dose-aspirin/|website=NHS}}</ref>

Aspirin is one of the most-used medical drugs in the world and is on the [[World Health Organization|World Health Organization's]] [[World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.|List of Essential Medicines]]<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Organization|first=World Health|date=2023|title=The selection and use of essential medicines 2023: web annex A: World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 23rd list (2023)|url=https://iris.who.int/handle/10665/371090|journal=WHO|language=en|volume=23}}</ref>



Children under 16<ref name=":0" /> (used to be 12) can develop [[Reye's syndrome]] from using asprin. This causes the liver to become fatty and not work properly. The brain may also become enlarged. Reyes syndrome can be fatal or lead to permanent brain damage, but most children survive with treatment.

There are possible side-effects to this drug. For example, large amounts can damage the kidneys.

People with lung, kidney disease, [[gout]], [[hyperuricemia]] (high amounts of [[uric acid]] in the blood), [[hemophilia]], [[diabetes]], or [[high blood pressure]] should not take aspirin except on the advice of a qualified medical professional. People who are allergic to asprin, or to [[ibuprofen]] or [[Naproxen Sodium|naproxen]] should not take asprin. People with [[asthma]], where attacks are brought about by aspirin, should avoid using any [[NSAID|anti-inflammatory]] drugs based on it.

Aspirin was invented in [[Germany]] in 1897. [[Bayer]] has a [[trademark]] on the brand name "aspirin" in 80 countries. But in other countries, "aspirin" is the common name for the drug.

==References==
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[[Category:Analgesics]]
[[Category:Carboxylic acids]]