Sigismund II Augustus
Sigismund II Augustus (1520-1572) was a Polish king, the last member of the Jagiellon dynasty.[1] He was also the Grand Duke of Lithuania from 1548 to 1572.[2]
Biography[change | change source]
Sigismund II Augustus was born in Kraków on 1 August 1520.[3] He was the only son (he had sisters) of king Sigismund I the Old and his wife, Italian princess Bona Sforza. His great grandfather was Wladislaw II Jagiello,[4] the founder of the dynasty. Sigismund II Augustus was crowned as a child on 20 February 1530[5] when his father was still alive (in Latin vivente rege).[6] From 1544 he ruled in Lithuania.[7] He was married three times but remained childless.[8] He died on 7 July 1572 in Knyszyn.[9] He was a Roman Catholic, but was known for his tolerance for Protestants.[10]
When king Sigismund II Augustus received diplomats or made important decisions, he did so in the Audience hall in the royal castle.[11] This room was also called "Under the Heads" for the carved heads set in the ceiling.[11] One of these was a woman's head.[11] The legend says whenever he would make a decision she would speak in Latin (using rhyme and alliteration): Rex Auguste, iudica iuste ("King August, judge justly").[11] He followed her advice but after that her mouth was covered with a ribbon so she would never again interfere in royal decisions.[11]
References[change | change source]
- ↑ Philip W. Barker, Religious Nationalism in Modern Europe: If God be for Us (London; New York: Routledge, 2009), p. 86
- ↑ Henry Kamen, Who's who in Europe, 1450-1750 (London; New York: Routledge, 2000), p. 274
- ↑ "Lithuania". MedievalCoinage.com. Retrieved 9 October 2016. CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
- ↑ Władysław II Jagiełło, king of Poland, Encyclopaedia Britannica.
- ↑ Zygmunt II August, Encyklopaedia PWN (in Polish).
- ↑ Elekcja, Encyklopedia PWN.
- ↑ Zygmunt II August, Encyklopedia PWN.
- ↑ Sigismund-II-Augustus, Encyclopaedia Britannica.
- ↑ Sigismund-II-Augustus, Encyclopaedia Britannica.
- ↑ Sigismund-II-Augustus, Nekropole.
- ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 11.3 11.4 "Wawel Royal Castle". KAR Net. Kraków Travel. Retrieved 9 October 2016. CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
Other sources[change | change source]
- Stanisław Cynarski, Zygmunt August, Ossolineum, Wrocław 1988 (in Polish).