User:Chidgk1/Türkiye'de balıkçılık
Fishing in Turkey is carried out in the Turkish territorial waters of the Black Sea, Aegean Sea and the Mediterranean, in the Sea of Marmara and the straits ( Bosphorus and Dardanelles ) and inland waters.
The coastline of Turkey, surrounded by seas on three sides, is 8,333 km. Our territorial waters are implemented as 12 miles in the Mediterranean and Black Seas, and 6 miles in the Aegean Sea. 11,500 The Marmara and the Turkish straits with an area of km 2 are considered as Turkey's inland waters. Its natural lakes are approximately 10,000 km 2, 3,442 km 2 reservoirs, 178,000 km long rivers [1] .
200 fish species live in the Sea of Marmara, 300 in the Aegean Sea, 247 in the Black Sea, and 500 in the Mediterranean. There are about 100 fish species that have economic value and are caught. Turkey produced 579,000 tons of fishery products in 2003. This amount; 7.6% was obtained from inland waters, 13.6% from aquaculture, 78% from seas [1] .
Turkey ranks 32nd in the world with 503.345 tons (2004) for fishing. This is a low rate of 0.5% of world production (95 million tons). 646,310 tons of fishery products were produced in 2008 and 622,962 tons in 2009. In 2002, 90% of fish production was obtained from hunting and 10% from aquaculture. In 2011, hunting was 73.2%, aquaculture was 26.8%. For 2011, hunting increased by 5.93% and aquaculture increased by 12.95% [2] .
Production in 2014 was 537,000 tons. 43% of the production consists of sea fish, 43% aquaculture, 6.5% other sea products, 6.7% inland water products [3] .
The fish caught in our seas for 2013; 61% anchovy, 8.1% sardine, 7.4% mackerel, 8.7% other species (bonito, sprat, haddock, bream mackerel, bluefish) [4] .
Per capita fish consumption is also very low in Turkey, despite being on a peninsula surrounded by the sea on three sides. Annual fish consumption in Turkey 8 kg, the world average is 16 kg, EU average 26 kg [5] . Fishing, which provides employment to 47.000 people, contributes 0.4% to the economy. The reasons for low fish consumption are listed as follows [2] :
- The income level of the people is low.
- Population is high, but production is low.
- Prices fluctuating over the years
- Fish consumption preferences. People in Turkey prefer to buy fresh fish.
The gradual decrease in fish stocks to be hunted leads countries to aquaculture . Today, about half of the fish production in the world is obtained from aquaculture. Fish farming in Turkey increased by 148% between 2001-2010, from 67,244 tons to 167,141 tons. Turkey's share in world culture cultivation is 0.29%. Turkey ranks 35th in the world and 7th in the EU in terms of aquaculture production [6] .
Seas[change | change source]
The Black Sea meets 76% of Turkey's fish production. 3 crustaceans and 38 fish species are caught, especially anchovy . Of fish caught from the Black Sea; 61.5% anchovy, 26% sprat, 4.3% Black Sea horse mackerel, 2% bonito. 5% of the fishery in the Black Sea is done by Russia, 1% by Bulgaria, 0.05% by Romania, the rest by Turkey. Turkey catches 93% of the anchovy caught in the Black Sea. .
The Sea of Marmara provides 10% of the average production. In Marmara, which is the second fish resource after the Black Sea, there is a problem of algal bloom and mucilage after 2007. There are fluctuations in the amount of catch in the Aegean Sea. Although the amount of catch increased in anchovy and horse mackerel, a decrease is observed in other species. While the catch of red mullet, baccalaureate, whiting, mullet and bonito in the Mediterranean is decreasing, the catch of shrimp and cuttlefish is increasing. In the Mediterranean, 86 Indo-Pacific Lessepsian fish species were seen arriving via the Suez Canal .
After 2002, the number of fishing boats was limited. However, despite the decrease in the number of ships, the catching power has increased due to the 20% increase in the volume of the boats and the development of the radars. As of 2011, there are 20,000 fishing vessels in Turkey.
Aquaculture[change | change source]
Aquaculture, which started in the 1970s, has been included in the scope of support since 2003. It reached 188,790 tons in 2011 from 139.000 tons in 2007. 25% of Turkey's total aquaculture is obtained from aquaculture. 46.79% of aquaculture is carried out in the seas and 53.21% in inland waters. Sea bass and sea bream are grown, and mostly trout in inland waters. Turkey is the 3rd fastest growing country in aquaculture after China and India in the world [7] .
| Years | sea hunting | % | inland fishing | % | Cultivation | %'si | Total | Consumption per capita (kg) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2002 | 522,744 | 83.3 | 43,938 | 7.0 | 61,165 | 9.7 | 627,847 | 6.7 |
| 2003 | 463,074 | 78.8 | 44,698 | 7.6 | 79,943 | 13.6 | 587,715 | 6.7 |
| 2004 | 504.897 | 78.3 | 45,585 | 7.1 | 94,010 | 14.6 | 644.492 | 7.8 |
| 2005 | 380,381 | 69.8 | 46,115 | 8.5 | 118,277 | 21.7 | 544,773 | 7.2 |
| 2006 | 488,966 | 73.9 | 44,082 | 6.7 | 128,943 | 19.5 | 661,991 | 8.2 |
| 2007 | 589.129 | 76.3 | 43,321 | 5.6 | 139,873 | 18.1 | 772,323 | 8.6 |
| 2008 | 453.113 | 70.1 | 41.011 | 6.3 | 152,186 | 23.5 | 646.310 | 7.8 |
| 2009 | 425,046 | 68.2 | 39,187 | 6.3 | 158,729 | 25.5 | 622,962 | 7.6 |
| 2010 | 477,658 | 67.9 | 37,097 | 5.3 | 188,790 | 26.8 | 703.545 | 7.0 |
| 2011 | 477,658 | 67.9 | 37,097 | 5.3 | 188,790 | 26.8 | 703.545 | 7.0 |
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 "Türkiye'deki Su Ürünleri Sanayii." (PDF). MARMARA COĞRAFYA DERGİSİ, s:9. 2004. Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 Temmuz 2016. Retrieved 21 Ekim 2015.
{{cite web}}: Check date values in:|access-date=and|archive-date=(help) - ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Balıkçılık ve Denizel Ürünler Ekonomisi" (PDF). tarim.gov.tr. 2013. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 Ekim 2014. Retrieved 21 Ekim 2015.
{{cite web}}: Check date values in:|access-date=and|archive-date=(help) - ↑ "Su Ürünleri, 2014". tuik.gov.tr. 26 Haziran 2015. Archived from the original on 15 Kasım 2015. Retrieved 22 Ekim 2015.
{{cite web}}: Check date values in:|access-date=,|date=, and|archive-date=(help) - ↑ "Su Ürünleri İstatistikleri 2013". Tüik. 2013. Archived from the original on 6 Mayıs 2015. Retrieved 22 Ekim 2015.
{{cite web}}: Check date values in:|access-date=and|archive-date=(help) - ↑ "Neden az balık yiyoruz?". haberturk.com. 12 Nisan 2013. Archived from the original on 7 Aralık 2015. Retrieved 21 Ekim 2015.
{{cite web}}: Check date values in:|access-date=,|date=, and|archive-date=(help) - ↑ "AB ve İş Dünyası:Balıkçılık Sektörü" (PDF). ikv.org.tr. 2011. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 Mart 2016. Retrieved 21 Ekim 2015.
{{cite web}}: Check date values in:|access-date=and|archive-date=(help) - ↑ "Su Ürünleri Özel İhtisas Komisyonu raporu" (PDF). kalkinma.gov.tr. 2014. Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 Temmuz 2015. Retrieved 22 Ekim 2015.
{{cite web}}: Check date values in:|access-date=and|archive-date=(help)
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