User:MichaelPietrusewsky

Michael Pietrusewsky Jr.

Michael Pietrusewsky in the Physical Anthropology Laboratory at the University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa in 2003 [photo credit: Melchor Ruiz].

Michael Pietrusewsky is an American physical/biological anthropologist and Professor Emeritus of Anthropology at the University of Hawai‘i-Mānoa (UHM), Honolulu, where he taught for 46 years (1969-2015) . Throughout his career, he conducted pioneering research that applied multivariate statistical methods to morphometric data. This enabled him to reconstruct historical biological relationships of the inhabitants of the Pacific-Asia region and amass an impressive database of craniometric observations recorded in the skeletons of Pacific and Asian people. His teaching and research experience includes physical/biological anthropology, bioarchaeology, skeletal biology, dental anthropology, forensic anthropology, and biological distance studies. His research addresses questions concerning the diet, health, mortality, lifestyle, and biological relationships of the early inhabitants of Southeast Asia, East Asia and the Pacific.

Early Life and Education

Pietrusewsky was born on May 18, 1944, in Boonville, New York. When he was 9 years of age, his parents, Michael Pietrusewsky Sr. and Mary Somogg, and older sister, Bette, moved to the family’s second dairy farm in Holland Patent, NY where his younger brother, James, was later born. He attended Holland Patent Central School earning his high school and New York State Regents diplomas in 1962. The twice-daily ritual of milking cows taught him the meaning of hard work and discipline and instilled a lifelong habit of being an early-riser. Growing up on family’s farm also sparked an early interest in nature and biology.

Pietrusewsky completed his B.A. (1966) in anthropology at the State University of New York at Buffalo (SUNY-Buffalo) where he had the good fortune of meeting and taking courses in physical anthropology from Professor James E. Anderson, who was on leave (1963-1966) from the University of Toronto. Following Anderson back to the University of Toronto in 1966, he went on to earn his M.A. (1967) and Ph.D. (1969) degrees. Dr. Bin Yamaguchi, a visiting professor from Japan, was his doctoral advisor in Toronto. After earning his Ph.D., Pietrusewsky embarked on his academic career at the University of Hawai‘i-Mānoa beginning in 1969.

Dr. Pietrusewsky was an avid runner in his later years completing 20 marathons and many more local races. In 2015 he retired from teaching but continues to conduct research, publish, and travel with his longtime partner and photography mentor, Melchor Ruiz.

Teaching Career

Pietrusewsky introduced most of the courses in physical/biological anthropology taught at UHM beginning in 1969. He regularly taught introduction to physical (biological) anthropology, skeletal biology, human origins, forensic anthropology, bioarchaeology, and graduate seminars. He mentored two generations of students, some who now have successful careers in bioarchaeology, forensic anthropology, and related fields. He also taught courses in physical/biological anthropology as a visiting professor at the University of Toronto (1980-1981), Collège de France (1983), National Taiwan University (1991), and Auckland University (2005).

Research

Polynesia/Pacific

Dr. Pietrusewsky’s lifelong interest in Polynesia and the Pacific region began with his doctoral dissertation research and a trip to New Zealand in 1967 with fellow University of Toronto classmate, Lindsay Niemann. During this trip, he examined pre-contact skeletons from two burial mounds (To-At-1 and To-At-2) at ‘Atele on Tongatapu, Tonga excavated Janet Davidson. In the following year, 1968, he recorded metric and non-metric data on crania from Polynesia and Fiji in the Musée de l`Homme (Paris) and the British Museum of Natural History (London) that formed the basis of is doctoral dissertation. Thus began a life-long quest to examine human skeletons and record additional comparative data. His research has taken him to museums and universities throughout Europe (France, England, Germany, Italy, Switzerland), United States, Australia, New Zealand, Mariana Islands, Japan, People’s Republic of China, Taiwan, Thailand, and Vietnam. These data collecting endeavors resulted in amassing one of the largest databases representing more than 10,000 modern, near-modern, and pre-contact crania from the Pacific, Australia, Southeast Asia, and East Asia. His more recent research includes studies that use ancient DNA.

Michael Pietrusewsky at the Musée de l’Homme, Place Trocadero, Paris, in 2006. [photo credit: Melchor Ruiz].

Pietrusewsky and his colleagues have also made major contributions to studies of health and lifestyle of early Pacific Islanders, including reviews of paleopathology (Pietrusewsky & Douglas 2012) and bioarchaeology of the Pacific region (Pietrusewsky & Douglas 2016). Using standardized recording procedures, this work has provided detailed information on skeletal and dental morphology, paleopathology, and paleodemography for some of the largest skeletal assemblages ever studied. For Hawaiʻi these include the Honokahua site on Maui (Pietrusewsky, Douglas, Kalima & Ikehara 1991) and the ʻAnaehoʻomalu site on Hawaiʻi Island (Pietrusewsky, Douglas & Kalima 1990). Sites on Tongatapu in Tonga with large skeletal assemblages examined by Pietrusewsky and his colleagues include the ʻAtele mounds (Pietrusewsky 1969) and To-At-36 sites (Pietrusewsky, Douglas, Ikehara-Quebral & Kadohiro Lauer 2020). Two sites from the Marquesas containing moderately large human assemblages include those from the Hane Dune site on ʻUa Huka (Pietrusewsky 1976) and the Haʻatuatua site on Nuku Hiva (Pietrusewsky, Douglas & Ikehara-Quebral 2020). The Apotguan site on Guam has yielded important evidence on the life style and health of ancient Chamorro (Douglas, Pietrusewsky, Ikehara-Quebral 1997; Pietrusewsky Douglas & Ikehara-Quebral 2003)]. Likewise, the Sigatoka sand dune site on Vitu Levu, Fiji (Pietrusewsky, Douglas & Ikehara-Quebral 2017)] and the Nebria site on the southern coast of Papua New Guinea (Pietrusewsky 1976) have provided significant evidence of the health, diet, and lifestyle of the early inhabitants of Fiji and Papua New Guinea.

In 1971 he undertook in-situ studies of crania in the Markham Valley and the Trobriand Islands, Papua New Guinea (Pietrusewsky 1973). His work has also contributed to specialized topics such as cannibalism, mortuary behavior, infectious diseases (e.g., yaws), musculoskeletal indicators of stress/occupation, subadult health, trauma, interpersonal violence/warfare, and cranial and dental modification. Studies of Lapita-associated skeletons from Watom Island (Papua New Guinea), Koné (New Caledonia), and Waya (Fiji), providing information on the health and lifestyle of some of the earliest inhabitants of the Pacific (e.g., Douglas, Pietrusewsky & Ikehara-Quebral 1997; Pietrusewsky 1989, 1990a; Pietrusewsky, Galipaud & Leach 1998; Pietrusewsky, Hunt & Ikehara-Quebral 1997a,b).

Asia-Pacific Relationships

Pietrusewsky’s pioneering research in biological distance analysis and the use of multivariate statistics have provided insight into the population history of the Polynesians and other circum-Pacific peoples (e.g., Pietrusewsky & Ikehara-Quebral 2001; Pietrusewsky 2010, 2013, 2019, 2020; Pietrusewsky, Buckley, Anson & Douglas 2014). His research demonstrated that the indigenous inhabitants of Australia, Tasmania, and geographical Melanesia share a common origin that is unrelated to the modern inhabitants of Southeast Asia, East Asia, and Polynesia/Micronesia. This research also demonstrated a connection between New Zealand Māori (Polynesian) and the Southern Moluccas (Island Southeast Asia) cranial series, which suggests a Polynesian homeland in the islands of Wallacea.

Southeast Asia

Pietrusewsky’s research in Southeast Asia began with his examination of Early Metal Age skeletons from Non Nok Tha, a site located in northeast Thailand, at the Siriraj Hospital in Bangkok in 1970 (Pietrusewsky 1974 a,b,c). In 1974 he participated in the first of two seasons of excavation (1974 and 1975) under the direction of Chester Gorman (University of Pennsylvania) and Pisit Charoenwongsa (Thai Fine Arts Department) at the UNESCO World Heritage site of Ban Chiang in northeast Thailand. The human skeletons, representing 142 individuals, from the 1974 and 1975 excavations at Ban Chiang were curated at the University of Hawai‘i-Mānoa for over 4 decades where they were examined by Pietrusewsky, his students, and other researchers until their repatriation to Thailand in 2017. Thanks to a comprehensive study by Michele Toomay Douglas, the Ban Chiang skeletons were fully documented in a monograph (Pietrusewsky and Douglas 2002) that provides evidence on the prehistoric health, diet, life span, social status, biological relationships and origins of these early inhabitants of the Khorat Plateau in northeast Thailand. Later, studies using stable isotopes (Bentley et al. 2005) and ancient DNA (Lipson et al. 2018) were undertaken using the Ban Chiang skeletons.

Pietrusewsky was one of the first researchers to conduct research and fieldwork following the end of the Vietnam War in 1975 with visits to Hanoi in 1984 and Ho Chi Minh City in 1989, which included examining crania in the Archaeological Institute in Hanoi (Pietrusewsky 1988) and at the memorial to the victims of the 1978 massacre of civilians in Ba Chúc village in An Giang Province by Khmer Rouge from neighboring Cambodia.

Michael Pietrusewsky, and survivor of the 1978 Khmer Rouge massacre, in front of the “Skull Pagoda” Memorial in Ba Chúc Village, An Giang Province, Vietnam in 1989.

Taiwan

Pietrusewsky has undertaken research in Taiwan examining the Iron Age skeletons from the Shihsanhang site (e.g., Pietrusewsky & Tsang 2003) and early Neolithic skeletons from the Nankuanli East site (e.g., Pietrusewsky, Lauer, Tsang, Li & Douglas 2013, 2014, 2017; Pietrusewsky, Lauer, Douglas, Tsang & Li 2016). Multivariate analysis of craniometric data demonstrated that the Iron Age series from Taiwan (Shihsanhang) revealed biological connections to Polynesian cranial series while Taiwan Indigenous groups were more closely related to series from East/Northeast Asia and Southeast Asia (Pietrusewsky & Chang 2003). He also has made extensive studies of crania of Taiwanese Indigenous people and Bronze Age crania from Shang Dynasty tombs at Anyang in northern China preserved in the Academia Sinica in Taipei.

Michael Pietrusewsky visiting excavations of an early Neolithic burial site, Tainan Science Park, Taiwan, in 2009.

Japan and People’s Republic of China

Pietrusewsky’s research in Japan spans several decades beginning as a Fulbright Research Scholar to Japan in 1990 based at the University of Tokyo and a year-long appointment as a visiting professor at the International Research Center for Japanese Studies in Kyoto, Japan (1997-1998). During these visits to Japan, he was able to record metric and nonmetric observations in a great many crania of prehistoric (Jomon, Yayoi, and Kofun periods), medieval, and modern Japanese, including Ainu and Ryukyu Islanders. Craniometric data from Japan have been used to investigate the historical biological relationships of the inhabitants of the Japanese archipelago (e.g., Pietrusewsky 1999, 2000, 2004, 2008a, 2008b, 2010, 2013). These studies reiterate the independent origins of modern-day Japanese and the Ainu, the presumed descendants of Neolithic Jomon people. A grant from the Committee on Scholarly Communication with the People's Republic of China in 1988 allow Pietrusewsky to spend one summer in China where he examined near modern crania at universities in Shanghai, Chengdu, and Chongqing.

Australia

With funding from the Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies(Canberra, Australia) and a visiting fellowship at the Australian Museum in Sydney in 1983, Pietrusewsky recorded metric and nonmetric observations in prehistoric and near modern Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander crania in museums and universities throughout Australia. This massive database has been used to examine biological relationships within and outside Australia (e.g., Pietrusewsky 1979, 1984, 1990b).

Pietrusewsky’s research has been funded by National Science Foundation, National Geographic Society, Wenner-Gren Foundation, American Museum of Natural History (New York), Field Museum of Natural History (Chicago), Smithsonian Institution, Ford Foundation, Committee on Scholarly Communication with the People's Republic of China, Academia Sinica (Taipei), National Science Council (Taiwan), International Research Center for Japanese studies Kyoto), Deutscher Akademischer Austaushdienst, International Research and Exchanges Board (IREX), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS-Paris), and Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies (Canberra), to name a few.

CRM Research (Mariana Islands and Hawai`i)

Much of Pietrusewsky’s research that examined archaeological human skeletons from Hawaiʻi and the Mariana Islands was associated with Cultural Resource Management (CRM) projects, resulting in over 220 technical reports. In addition to technical reports, aspects of this research have reported in the traditional literature. For Guam and the Northern Mariana Islands this research covers a broad spectrum of research topics including cranial morphometrics (Pietrusewsky 1990c) mortuary patterns (Ikehara-Quebral et al. n.d.), morphological variants of the occipital bone (e.g., Heathcote et al. 2021), cultural modification of teeth (Ikehara-Quebral et al. 2017), ancient DNA (Liu et al. 2022), and several comprehensive assessments of prehistoric community health and disease in the Marianas using mortuary samples (e.g., Douglas, Pietrusewsky, Ikehara-Quebral 1997; Hanson and Pietrusewsky 1997; Pietrusewsky 1990d; Pietrusewsky, Toomay Douglas & Ikehara-Quebral n.d.; Pietrusewsky, Douglas & Ikehara-Quebral 1997; Pietrusewsky, Douglas, Swift, Harper & Fleming 2014, 2016).

For Hawai‘i. Pietrusewsky’s research has involved some of the largest mortuary samples from Hawai‘i such as the ʻAnaehoʻomalu site on Hawaiʻi Island and the Honokahua site on Maui that have provided information on the lifestyle and health of ancient Hawaiians. His research has examined cultural modification of bone (Pietrusewsky and Ikehara-Quebral 1996) and tooth ablation in ancient Hawaiʻi (Pietrusewsky & Douglas 1993). Additional research in Hawaiʻi has focused on a historic Hawaiian cemetery on Hawaiʻi Island (Pietrusewsky and Douglas 1992) and human burials excavated at the Marin Tower Project in downtown Honolulu (Goodwin et al. 1995, Pietrusewsky, Douglas, Ikehara-Quebral & Goodwin 2017). In addition to biodistance studies involving crania from Hawaiʻi (e.g., Pietrusewsky 1997), he has made a substantial contribution to an assessment of health and disease in precontact and historic Hawaiʻi (e.g., Pietrusewsky & Douglas 1994).

Ancient DNA Research

In collaboration with geneticists at The University of Vienna and Harvard University, Pietrusewsky has contributed to studies involving ancient DNA in skeletons from Cambodia (Changmai et al. 2022), Thailand (Lipson et al. 2018), Taiwan, Pohnpei (Liu et al. 2022), and New Caledonia as well as papers that focus on the use of human auditory ossicles as an alternative source of aDNA (e.g., Pinhasi et al. 2015, Sirak et al. 2020).

Forensic Anthropology

From 1987 to 2020, Dr. Pietrusewsky was a Diplomate of the American Board of Forensic Anthropology, the highest level of professional qualification in the field of forensic anthropology. He was a consultant for the police and medical examiner’s offices, cultural resource management firms (CRM), state historic preservation divisions, museums, and other local and national organizations. Measurements recorded by Pietrusewsky in Chinese male crania curated at the Prince Philip Dental Hospital in Hong Kong and Vietnamese male crania from the 1978 massacre at Ba Chúc village in Vietnam form an integral part of the University of Tennessee Forensic Data Bank used by the computer software program Fordisc . He has also co-authored several publications that focus on historical personages such as Father Alexis Bachelot, first Catholic missionary to the Hawaiʻi (Pietrusewsky & Willacker 1997) and Don Francisco de Paula Marin, friend, servant, and advisor to King Kamehameha I (Pietrusewsky et al. 2017). With Atsuko Hiyashi, he has published two papers (Hiyashi & Pietrusewsky 2022; Hiyashi et al. 2017) on methods in forensic anthropology

Service to the Profession

Pietrusewsky was Associate Editor (2008-2012) for the American Journal of Physical Anthropology and serves on the editorial boards for Anthropological Science, Anatomical Science International and the Journal of Island and Coastal Archaeology. He has also been a peer reviewer for 24 journals, textbook reviewer, external reviewer for tenure and promotion for nine universities, external dissertation examiner, and a reviewer for several granting organizations.

Recognition and Awards

• Diplomate in the American Board of Forensic Anthropology [1987 – 2020]
• Fellow of American Academy of Forensic Sciences [1986 – 2016]
• Excellence in Research Award, College of Social Sciences, University of Hawaiʻi–Mānoa [2006, 2009, 2013]

Publications

Dr. Pietrusewsky is the author of several books/monographs, more than 110 journal articles and book chapters, and over 200 technical reports. A selection of these is given here.

Selected Publications

• Pietrusewsky M, Douglas MT. 2002. Ban Chiang, a prehistoric village site in northeast Thailand I: the human skeletal remains. University Museum Monograph 111. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology. ISBN 10: 0924171928 / ISBN 13: 9780924171925 doi:10.6067/XCV8PV6MRJ

• Goodwin C, Pietrusewsky M, Douglas MT, Ikehara-Quebral R. 1995. Honoruru to Honolulu: from village to city. Volume 2:The burials. Archaeological data recovery report. Marin Tower Property, Site No. 50-80-14-4494. Honolulu, Hawai‘i. International Archaeological Research Institute, Inc.

• Pietrusewsky M, Douglas MT, Kalima PA. 1990. Human skeletal remains recovered from ʻAnaehoʻomalu, South Kohala, Hawaiʻi Island: a second study. PHRI report 5545-091990. DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.25783.27048

• Pietrusewsky M, Douglas MT, Kalima PA, Ikehara RM. 1991. Human skeletal and dental remains from the Honokahua burial site, Land of Honokahua, Lahaina district, Island of Maui, Hawaiʻi. PHRI report 246-041091 prepared for Kapalua Land Company, Ltd, Kahului, HI. Selected Journal Articles

• Bentley R, Pietrusewsky M, Douglas M, Atkinson T. 2005. Matrilocality during the prehistoric transition to agriculture in Thailand? Antiquity, 79(306), 865-881. doi:10.1017/S0003598X00115005

• Changmai P, Pinhasi R, Pietrusewsky M, Stark MT, Ikehara-Quebral RM, Reich D, Flegontov P. 2022. Ancient DNA from Protohistoric Period Cambodia indicates that South Asians admixed with local populations as early as 1st-3rd centuries CE. Scientific Reports. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-26799-3

• Douglas MT, Pietrusewsky M, Ikehara-Quebral RM. 1997. Skeletal biology of Apurguan: a precontact Chamorro site on Guam. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 104:315-342.

• Goodwin C, Pietrusewsky M, Douglas MT, Ikehara-Quebral R. 1995. Honoruru to Honolulu: from village to city. Volume 2:The burials. Archaeological data recovery report. Marin Tower Property, Site No. 50-80-14-4494. Honolulu, Hawaiʻi . International Archaeological Research Institute, Inc.

• Hanson DB, Pietrusewsky M. 1997. Bioarchaeological research in the Mariana Islands of the western Pacific: an overview. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 104:267-269.

• Hayashi A, Pietrusewsky M. 2022. Discriminant function analysis of craniometric data for distinguishing Japanese and Filipino crania. Australian Journal of Forensic Sciences. DOI: 10.1080/00450618.2022.2057589

• Hayashi A, Emanovsky PD, Pietrusewsky M, Holland TD. 2016. A procedure for calculating the vertical space height of the sacrum when determining skeletal height for use in the anatomical method of adult stature estimation. Journal of Forensic Sciences 61(2):415-423. doi:10.1111/1556-4029.13030

• Heathcote GM, Pietrusewsky M, Sava VJ, Anderson BE, Weiss E, Ramirez-Aliaga JM, Matisoo-Smith EA, Douglas MT, Stodder ALW, Ikehara-Quebral RM, Walth CK, King CA, Hanson DB. 2021. Enigmatic cranial superstructures among Chamorro ancestors from the Mariana Islands: Comparative geographic variation and a proposal about their meaning. Journal of Island and Coastal Archaeology 16(2-4):438-481. doi:10.1080/15564894.2019.1638470

• Ikehara-Quebral RM, Toomay Douglas, M, Pietrusewsky M, and Yee SL. n.d., Health During a Smallpox Epidemic: The Skeletons from the Historic Cemetery at Malesso, Guam. In Liston J and Craft C, eds. Anthropological Archaeology in the Mariana Islands: Papers in Honor of Roz Hunter-Anderson and Darlene Moore. ANU EPRESS Terra Australis. [In preparation].

• Ikehara-Quebral, R, Ryan EM, Parr N, Walth C, Liston J, Pietrusewsky M, Douglas MT. 2017. Intentional dental modification and oral-dental health in western Micronesia. In Burnett SE, Irish JD, editors. A World View of Culturally Modified Teeth. Gainesville: University Press Florida. p 193-210.

• Lipson M, Cheronet O, Mallick S, Rohland N, Oxenham M, Pietrusewsky M, Oliver Pryce, M, Willis, A, Matsumura H, Buckley H, Domett K, Giang Hai Nguyen G. H, Hoang Hiep Trinh H H, Kya, A A, Win T T, Pradier B, Broomandkhoshbacht N, Candilio F, Changmai P, Fernandes D, Ferry M, Beatriz Gamarra B, Harney E, Kampuansai J, Wibhu Kutanan M, Michel M, Novak M, Oppenheimer J, Sirak K, Stewardson K, Zhang Z. Flegontov P, Pinhasi R, Reich, D. 2018. Ancient genomes document multiple waves of migration in Southeast Asian prehistory. Science 361(6397):92-95. doi:10.1126/science.aat3188.

• Liu Y-C, Hunter-Anderson R, Cheronet O, Eakin J, Camacho F, Pietrusewsky M, Rohland N, Ioannidis A, Athens JS, Ikehara-Quebral RM, Toomay Douglas M, Bernardos MR, Culleton BJ, Mah M, Adamski N, Broomandkhoshbacht N, Callan K, Lawson AM, Mandl K, Michel M, Oppenheimer J, Stewardson K , Zalzala F, Kidd K, Kidd J, Schurr TG, Auckland K, Hill AVS, Mentzer AJ, Quinto-Cortés CD, Robson K, Kennett DJ, Patterson, N, Bustamante CD, Moreno-Estrada A, Spriggs M, Vilar M, Lipson M, Pinhasi R, Reich D. 2022. Ancient DNA reveals five migrations into Micronesia and matrilocality in early Pacific seafarers. Science. doi: 10.1126/science.abm6536

• Pietrusewsky M. 2020. Biological distance in bioarchaeology and human osteology. In: Smith C. (ed.) Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-30018-0_146

• Pietrusewsky M. 2019. Traditional morphometrics and biological distance: methods and an example. In: Katzenberg MA, Grauer, AL, editors. Biological Anthropology of the Human Skeleton, Third Edition. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. p 547-592.

• Pietrusewsky M. 2013. Biological connections across the Sea of Japan: a multivariate comparison of ancient and more modern crania from Japan, China, Korea, and Southeast Asia. In: Pechenkina K, Oxenham, M, editors. Bioarchaeology of East Asia: Movement, Contact, Health. Gainesville: University Press Florida. p 143-178.

• Pietrusewsky M. 2010. A multivariate analysis of measurements recorded in early and more modern crania from East Asia and Southeast Asia. Quaternary International 211: 42-54. doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2008.12.011

• Pietrusewsky M. 2008a. The modern inhabitants of Island Southeast Asia: a craniometric perspective. In: Indriati E, editor. Proceedings of the International Seminar on Southeast Asian Paleoanthropology: Recent Advances on Southeast Asian Paleoanthropology and Archaeology. Laboratory of Bioanthropology and Paleoanthropology, Faculty of Medicine, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. p 185-20.

• Pietrusewsky M. 2008b Craniometric variation in Southeast Asia and neighboring regions: a multivariate analysis of cranial measurements. Human Evolution 23 (1-2):49-86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2008.12.011

• Pietrusewsky M. 2004. Multivariate comparisons of female cranial series from the Ryukyu Islands and Japan. Anthropological Science 112:199-211. doi:10.1537/ase.03107

• Pietrusewsky M. 2000. Metric analysis of skeletal remains: methods and applications. In: Katzenberg MA, Saunders SR, editors. Biological Anthropology of the Human Skeleton, New York: Wiley-Liss. p 375-415.

• Pietrusewsky M. 1999. A multivariate craniometric investigation of the inhabitants of the Ryukyu Islands and comparisons with cranial series from Japan, Asia, and the Pacific. Anthropological Science 107:255-281. doi:org/10.1537/ase.107.255

• Pietrusewsky M. 1997. Biological origins of Hawaiians: evidence from skulls. Man and Culture in Oceania 13: 1-37.

• Pietrusewsky M. 1990a. Craniofacial variation in Australasian and Pacific populations. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 82:319-340. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.1330820309

• Pietrusewsky M. 1990b. Lapita-associated skeletons from Watom Island, Papua New Guinea and the origins of the Polynesians. Asian Perspectives 28:83-89. doi:10.3853/j.0067-1975.41.1989.147

• Pietrusewsky M. 1990c. Craniometric variation in Micronesia and the Pacific: a multivariate study. Micronesica Supplement 2:373-402.

• Pietrusewsky M. 1990d. The physical anthropology of Micronesia: a brief overview. Micronesica Supplement 2:317-322.

• Pietrusewsky M. 1989. A study of skeletal and dental remains from Watom Island and comparisons with other Lapita people. Records of the Australian Museum 41:235-292. doi:10.3853/j.0067-1975.41.1989.145

• Pietrusewsky M. 1988. Multivariate comparisons of recently excavated Neolithic human crania from Thanh Hoa Province, Socialist Republic of Vietnam. International Journal of Anthropology 3:267-283.

• Pietrusewsky M. 1984. Metric and non-metric cranial variation in Australian aboriginal populations compared with populations from the Pacific and Asia. Occasional Papers in Human Biology No. 3. Canberra: Australian Institute of Aboriginal Studies.

• Pietrusewsky M. 1979. Craniometric variation in Pleistocene Australian and more recent Australian and New Guinea populations studied by multivariate procedures. Occasional Papers in Human Biology. No. 2. p. 83-123. Canberra: Australian Institute of Aboriginal Studies.

• Pietrusewsky M. 1976. Prehistoric human skeletal remains from Papua New Guinea and the Marquesas. Asian and Pacific Archaeology Series. No. 7. Honolulu: Social Sciences Linguistic Institute, University of Hawaiʻi.

• Pietrusewsky M. 1974a. The palaeodemography of a prehistoric Thai population: Non Nok Tha. Asian Perspectives 17(2):125-140. oai:scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu:10125/16821

• Pietrusewsky M. 1974b. Neolithic populations of Southeast Asia studied by multivariate craniometric analysis. Homo: Internationale Zeitschrift fur die Vergleichende Forschung am Menschen 25(4):207-230.

• Pietrusewsky M. 1974c. Non Nok Tha: the human skeletal remains from the 1966 excavations at Non Nok Tha, Northeast Thailand. University of Otago. Studies in prehistoric anthropology. Vol. 6. Dunedin: Anthropology, University of Otago.

• Pietrusewsky M. 1973. A multivariate analysis of craniometric data from the Territory of Papua and New Guinea. Archaeology and Physical Anthropology in Oceania 8(1):12-23. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1834-4453.1973.tb00162.x

• Pietrusewsky M. 1969. An osteological study of cranial and infracranial remains from Tonga. Records of the Auckland Institute and Museum 6(4-6):287-402. https://www.jstor.org/stable/42906130

• Pietrusewsky. M, Buckley H, Anson D, Douglas, MT. 2014. Polynesian origins: a biodistance study of mandibles from the Late Lapita site of Reber-Rakival (SAC), Watom Island, Bismarck Archipelago. Journal of Pacific Archaeology 5(1):1-20.

• Pietrusewsky M, Chang CF. 2003. Taiwan aboriginals and peoples of the Pacific-Asian region: multivariate craniometric comparisons. Anthropological Science 111(3):293-332. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-801966-5.00024-X

• Pietrusewsky M, Douglas, MT. Review of Polynesian and Pacific skeletal biology. 2016. In: Stefan VH, Gill GW, editors. Skeletal Biology of the Ancient Rapanui (Easter Islanders). Cambridge UK: Cambridge University Press. p 14-38 + references.

• Pietrusewsky M, Douglas MT. 2012. History of paleopathology in the Pacific. In: Buikstra JE, Roberts, CA, editors. The Global History of Paleopathology: Pioneers and Prospects. New York: Oxford University Press. p 594-615.

• Pietrusewsky M, Douglas MT. 2002. Ban Chiang, a Prehistoric Village Site in Northeast Thailand I: the Human Skeletal Remains. University Museum Monograph 111. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology.

• Pietrusewsky M, Douglas MT. 1994. An osteological assessment of health and disease in precontact and historic (1778) Hawaiʻi. In: Larsen CS, Milner GR, editors. In the Wake of Contact: Biological Responses to Conquest. New York: Wiley-Liss. p 179-196.

• Pietrusewsky M, Douglas MT. 1993. Tooth ablation in old Hawaiʻi. Journal of the Polynesian Society 102(3):255-272.

• Pietrusewsky M, Douglas MT. 1992. The skeletal biology of an historic Hawaiian cemetery: familial relationships. Homo: Internationale Zeitschrift fur die Vergleichende Forschung am Menschen 43/3:245-262.

• Pietrusewsky M, Toomay Douglas M, Ikehara-Quebral RM. n.d. People of Micronesia: Diet, health, and nutrition. In Scott M. Fitzpatrick eds. The Ancient Micronesian World. Routledge. [In review]

• Pietrusewsky M, Douglas MT, Ikehara-Quebral, RM. 2020. Skeletal and dental health of precontact Marquesans: The bioarchaeology of the human skeletons from Ha‘atuatua, Nuku Hiva, Marquesas Islands. Asian Perspectives 59(2): 244-298.

• Pietrusewsky M, Douglas MT, Ikehara-Quebral RM. 2017. Skeletal and dental health: the bioarchaeology of the human skeletons from the Sigatoka Sand Dunes site, VL 16/1, Viti Levu, Fiji. Journal of Pacific Archaeology 8(2): 63-78.

• Pietrusewsky M, Douglas MT, Swift M, Harper R, Fleming MA. 2016. Sex and geographic differences in health of the early inhabitants of the Mariana Islands. Asian Perspectives 55(1):28-60.

• Pietrusewsky M, Douglas M, Swift MK, Harper RA, Fleming MA. 2014. Health in ancient Mariana Islanders: a bioarchaeological perspective. Journal of Island and Coastal Archaeology 9:319-340. DOI: 10.1080/15564894.2013.848959

• Pietrusewsky M, Douglas MT, Ikehara-Quebral RM. 2003. Archaeological Investigations in Apotguan, Guam: Agana Beach Condominium Site. Volume 3: An Osteological Investigation and Comparison with other Micronesian Sites. International Archaeological Research Institute, Inc.

• Pietrusewsky M, Douglas MT, Ikehara-Quebral RM. 1997. An assessment of health and disease in the prehistoric inhabitants of the Mariana Islands. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 104:315-342. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1096-8644(199711)104:3<315::AID-AJPA4>3.0.CO;2-U

• Pietrusewsky M, Douglas MT, Ikehara-Quebral RM, Goodwin CM. 2017. The search for Don Francisco de Paula Marin: servant, friend, and advisor to King Kamehameha I, Kingdom of Hawaiʻi. In: Stojanowski CM and Duncan WN, editors. Studies In Forensic Biohistory: Anthropological Perspectives. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p 67-91.

• Pietrusewsky M, Douglas, MT, Ikehara-Quebral RM, Kadohiro Lauer K. 2020. Skeletal and dental health of early Tongans: The bioarchaeology of the human skeletons from the To-At-36 site, Ha‘ateiho, Tongatapu, Tonga, The Journal of Island and Coastal Archaeology 15(2):204-243. DOI: 10.1080/15564894.2018.1564711

• Pietrusewsky M, Galipaud JC, Leach F. 1998. A skeleton from the Lapita site at Koné, Foué Peninsula, New Caledonia. New Zealand Journal of Archaeology 18 (1996): 25-74

• Pietrusewsky M, Hunt TL, Ikehara-Quebral RM. 1997a. A Lapita-associated skeleton from Waya Island, Fiji Islands. Micronesica. 30(2):355-388.

• Pietrusewsky M, Hunt TL, Ikehara-Quebral RM. 1997b. A new Lapita-associated skeleton from Fiji. Journal of the Polynesian Society 106 No. 3:284-295.

• Pietrusewsky M, Ikehara-Quebral RM. 1996. Cultural alteration of human bone in Hawaiian skeletal remains. Hawaiian Archaeology 5:13-28.

• Pietrusewsky M, Ikehara-Quebral RM. 2001. Multivariate comparisons of Rapa Nui (Easter Island), Polynesian, and circum-Polynesian crania. In: Stevenson CM, Lee G, Morin FJ, editors. Pacific 2000. Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Easter Island and the Pacific. Los Osos, CA: Easter Island Foundation. p 457-494.

• Pietrusewsky M, Lauer A, Douglas MT, Tsang C-h , Li K-t. 2016. Patterns of health in early Neolithic and Iron Age Taiwan. Anthropological Science 124(2):117-133. doi:10.1537/ase.160509

• Pietrusewsky M, Lauer A, Tsang C-h , Li K-t, & Douglas MT. 2014. Bioarchaeology of early Neolithic skeletons from the Nankuanli East site, southwestern Taiwan. “2014 From Matsu Archipelago to Southeast Coast of Asia: International Symposium on the Studies of Prehistoric Cultural and Physical Remains”, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, September 26-29, 2014. DOI: 10.13140/2.1.3567.6163

• Pietrusewsky M, Lauer A, Tsang C-h, Li K-t, Douglas MT. 2013. Dental indicators of health in early Neolithic and Iron Ages from Taiwan. Journal of Austronesian Studies 4(2):1-33. doi:10.1537/ase.160509

• Pietrusewsky M, Lauer A, Tsang C-h, Li K-t, Douglas MT. 2017. Tooth ablation in early Neolithic skeletons from Taiwan. In Burnett SE, Irish JD, editors. A World View of Culturally Modified Teeth. Gainesville: University Press Florida. p 102-124.

• Pietrusewsky M, Tsang CH. 2003. A preliminary assessment of health and disease in human skeletal remains from Shi San Hang: a prehistoric aboriginal site on Taiwan. Anthropological Science 111(2):203-223. doi:org/10.1537/ase.03107

• Pietrusewsky M, Willacker L. 1997. The search for Father Bachelot: first Catholic missionary to the Hawaiian Islands (1827–1837), Journal of Forensic Sciences, John Wiley & Sons, 42 (2): 208–212, 212, doi:10.1520/JFS14099J, PMID 9068178

• Pinhasi R, Fernandes D, Sirak K, Novak M, Connell S, Alpaslan-Roodenberg S, Gerritsen F, Moiseyev V, Gromov A, Raczky P, Anders A, Pietrusewsky M, Rollefson G, Jovanovic M, Trinhhoang H, Bar-Oz G, Oxenham MN, Matsumura H, Hofreiter M. 2015. Optimal ancient DNA yields from the inner ear part of the human petrous bone. PLoS ONE 10(6): e0129102. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0129102

Most cited peer-reviewed journal articles according to Google Scholar

• Sirak K, Fernandes D, Cheronet O, Harney E, Mah M, Mallick S, Rohland N, Adamski N, Broomandkhoshbacht N, Callan K, Candilio F, Lawson AM , Mandl K, Oppenheimer J, Stewardson K, Zalzala F, Anders A, Bartik J, Coppa A, Tumen D, Évinger S, Farkaš Z, Hadju T, Bayarsaikhan J, McIntyre L, Moiseyev V, Martinez Okumura MM, Pap I, Pietrusewsky M, Raczky P , Šefčáková A, Soficaru A, Szeniczey T, Miklós Szőke B, Tumurbaatar T, Van Gerven D, Vasilev S, Bell L, Reich D, Pinhasi R. 2020. Human auditory ossicles as an alternative optimal source of ancient DNA. Genome Research 30(3):427-436. Most cited peer-reviewed journal articles • Sirak K, Fernandes D, Cheronet O, Harney E, Mah M, Mallick S, Rohland N, Adamski N, Broomandkhoshbacht N, Callan K, Candilio F, Lawson AM , Mandl K, Oppenheimer J, Stewardson K, Zalzala F, Anders A, Bartik J, Coppa A, Tumen D, Évinger S, Farkaš Z, Hadju T, Bayarsaikhan J, McIntyre L, Moiseyev V, Martinez Okumura MM, Pap I, Pietrusewsky M, Raczky P , Šefčáková A, Soficaru A, Szeniczey T, Miklós Szőke B, Tumurbaatar T, Van Gerven D, Vasilev S, Bell L, Reich D, Pinhasi R. 2020. Human auditory ossicles as an alternative optimal source of ancient DNA. Genome Research 30(3):427-436. Pinhasi R, Fernandes D, Sirak K, Novak M, Connell S, Alpaslan-Roodenberg S, Gerritsen F, Moiseyev V, Gromov A, Raczky P, Anders A, Pietrusewsky M, Rollefson G, Jovanovic M, Trinhhoang H, Bar-Oz G, Oxenham MN, Matsumura H, Hofreiter M. 2015. Optimal ancient DNA yields from the inner ear part of the human petrous bone. PLoS ONE 10(6): e0129102. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0129102(Cited 449 times, according to Google Scholar)

• Lipson M, Cheronet O, Mallick S, Rohland N, Oxenham M, Pietrusewsky M, Oliver Pryce, M, Willis, A, Matsumura H, Buckley H, Domett K, Giang Hai Nguyen G. H, Hoang Hiep Trinh H H, Kya, A A, Win T T, Pradier B, Broomandkhoshbacht N, Candilio F, Changmai P, Fernandes D, Ferry M, Beatriz Gamarra B, Harney E, Kampuansai J, Wibhu Kutanan M, Michel M, Novak M, Oppenheimer J, Sirak K, Stewardson K, Zhang Z. Flegontov P, Pinhasi R, Reich, D. 2018. Ancient genomes document multiple waves of migration in Southeast Asian prehistory. Science 361(6397):92-95. doi:10.1126/science.aat3188. (Cited 287 times, according to Google Scholar)

• Pietrusewsky M. 2000. Metric analysis of skeletal remains: methods and applications. In: Katzenberg MA, Saunders SR, editors. Biological anthropology of the human skeleton, New York: Wiley-Liss. p 375-415. (Cited 178 times, according to Google Scholar)

• Pietrusewsky M. 1985. Comment to: Mary D. Russell’s “The supraorbital tours: a most-remarkably peculiarity”. Current Anthropology 26(3):353. (Cited 149 times, according to Google Scholar)

• Pietrusewsky M, Douglas MT. 2002. Ban Chiang, a prehistoric village site in northeast Thailand I: the human skeletal remains. University Museum Monograph 111. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology. (Cited 152 times, according to Google Scholar)

• Bentley, R., Pietrusewsky, M., Douglas, M., & Atkinson, T. 2005. Matrilocality during the prehistoric transition to agriculture in Thailand? Antiquity, 79(306), 865-881. doi:10.1017/S0003598X00115005(Cited 117 times, according to Google Scholar)

• Pietrusewsky M, Douglas MT, Ikehara-Quebral RM. 1997. An assessment of health and disease in the prehistoric inhabitants of the Mariana Islands. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 104:315-342. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1096-8644(199711)104:3<315::AID-AJPA4>3.0.CO;2-U (Cited 114 times, according to Google Scholar)

• Pietrusewsky M. 1984. Metric and non-metric cranial variation in Australian aboriginal populations compared with populations from the Pacific and Asia. Occasional Papers in Human Biology no. 3. Canberra: Australian Institute of Aboriginal Studies. (Cited 112 times, according to Google Scholar)

• Pietrusewsky M. 1990. Craniofacial variation in Australasian and Pacific populations. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 82:319-340. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.1330820309 (Cited 99 times, according to Google Scholar)

His most recent article is:

Changmai P, Pinhasi R, Pietrusewsky M, Stark MT, Ikehara-Quebral RM, Reich D, Flegontov P. 2022. Ancient DNA from Protohistoric Period Cambodia indicates that South Asians admixed with local populations as early as 1st-3rd centuries CE. Scientific Reports. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-26799-3

References