Methylphenidate

Chemical structure of methylphenidate

Tablets of a drug containing methylphenidate, with a coin for comparison

Methylphenidate is a drug which is similar to amphetamine. Its name is often shortened to MPH but is better known by the brand name of Ritalin. MPH stimulates the central nervous system. It does this by increasing dopamine transmission in the brain.

The drug is commonly used to treat attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and narcolepsy. It is sometimes used together with other drugs to treat depression. In most countries, its use needs to be prescribed by a doctor.

The most common side-effects of taking the drug are nervousness and sleeping problems. About one in ten patients see these problems. Other side-effects include changes of blood pressure, headache, and weight loss. Rare cases of Tourette syndrome and psychosis have been reported, amongst others.

Sometimes, the drug has been prescribed to children, to help them stay focused in school. This use has been criticised by the media. Using methylphenidate in children may be problematic, because on of the side-effects is that children have growth problems. The media often uses the name Ritalin. Ritalin is one formulation of the drug, which is often used in such cases.