Military career of Muhammad
| Muhammad | |
|---|---|
 Calligraphic representation of the name Muhammad | |
| Native name | أبو القاسم محمد بن عبدالله بن عبد المطلب (Abu al-Qasim Muhammad ibn 'Abdullah ibn Abd ul-Muttalib) |
| Birth name | محمد بن عبدالله (Muhammad ibn 'Abdullah) |
| Born | 12 Rabi'I (c. 570) Mecca |
| Died | 12 Rabi'I AH 11 (8 June 632) Medina |
| Buried at | The Green Dome |
| Signature |  |
Military career of Muhammad (c. 570 – 8 June 632), Islam lasted from 622 to 632, the last ten years of his life. He and his followers were expelled from the holy city of Mecca, controlled by the powerful Quraish tribe. He began to block the caravans of Mecca. After the first battle of Badr in 624, his power gradually increased and he began to influence other tribes through diplomacy or conquest.
List of expeditions of Muhammad[change | change source]
Further reading[change | change source]
- Berger, Lutz (2016). Die Entstehung des Islam. Die ersten hundert Jahre (in German). C. H. Beck. ISBN 978-3406696930.
- Gabriel, Richard A. (2007). Muhammad: Islam's First Great General. University of Oklahoma Press. ISBN 978-0806138602.
- Kister, M. J. (1986). "The Massacre of the Banū Qurayẓa: A Re-examination of a Tradition". Jerusalem Studies in Arabic and Islam. 8. ISSN 0334-4118.
- Lings, Martin (1983). Muhammad: His Life Based on the Earliest Sources. Inner Traditions. ISBN 978-0946621330.
References[change | change source]
- Abdel-Samad, Hamed (2016). Der Koran. Botschaft der Liebe. Botschaft des Hasses (in German). Droemer. ISBN 978-3426277010.
- Donner, Fred (1981). The Early Islamic Conquests. Princeton University Press. ISBN 9780691101828.
- Mikaberidze, Alexander (2011). "Badr, Battle of". In Mikaberidze, Alexander (ed.). Conflict and Conquest in the Islamic World: A Historical Encyclopedia. ABC–CLIO. pp. 165–166. ISBN 978-1598843361.
- Pickthall, Muhammad M. (1930). The Quran.
- Rodgers, Russ (2012). The Generalship of Muhammad: Battles and Campaigns of the Prophet of Allah. University Press of Florida. ISBN 9780813042718.
- William Montgomery Watt (1956). Muhammad at Medina. Oxford University Press.
- William Montgomery Watt (1974). Muhammad: prophet and statesman. Oxford University Press.
- al-Mubarakpu. The Sealed Nectar: Biography of the Noble Prophet.