Surveying

The English Wiktionary has a dictionary definition (meanings of a word) for: surveying

Surveyor at work with a leveling instrument.

Table of Surveying, 1728 Cyclopaedia

An all-female surveying crew in Idaho in 1918.

Surveying is the technique and science of accurately finding out the position of points and the distances and angles between them. These points are usually, but not always, associated with positions on the surface of the Earth. They are often used to make land maps and boundaries for ownership of land. A person who does the surveying is called a surveyor. In order to find the information they need, surveyors use geometry, engineering, trigonometry, mathematics, physics, and law.

Surveying has been very important in the development of the human environment since the beginning of recorded history (ca. 5000 years ago) and it is a requirement planning of nearly every form of construction. Its most common uses are in the fields of transport, building and construction, communications, mapping, and the making of legal boundaries for land ownership.

Origins

Surveying has existed throughout much of our history. In ancient Egypt, when the Nile River overflowed its banks and washed out farm boundaries, the boundaries were recreated by surveyors using simple geometry. The construction of many of the pyramids, including the Great Pyramids of Giza, built c. 2700 BC, show us that the Egyptians' have always used surveying very efficiently.

Other pages

• Architecture
• Cartography
• Topography
• Trigonometry

Other websites

• Publications
  • The American Surveyor

• Organizations

• • The Irish Institution of Surveyors
  • American Congress on Surveying & Mapping
  • Hong Kong Institute of Surveyors
  • National Geodetic Survey
  • National Society of Professional Surveyors
  • National Council of Examiners for Engineering and Surveying
  • UK Ordnance Survey
  • www.resurvey.org
  • U.S. Geological Survey
  • International Federation of Surveyors
  • The Institution of Surveyors, Australia
  • The Institution of Surveyors, NSW, Australia
  • Spatial Sciences Institute (Australia)
  • Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors (UK & GB)
  • The Survey Association (UK)
  • Alberta Land Surveyors Association for a Canadian perspective
  • 3H – a resource site for 3D survey in maritime archaeology
  • Independent Building Surveyors
  • National Cartographic Center of Iran (NCC) Tehran,

FRANCE

• • Institut Geographique National, France

India

• • Survey of India

Iran

• • National Cartographic Center of Iran (NCC) Tehran, Iran

New Zealand

• • New Zealand Institute of Surveyors
  • See How the Land Lies - information about surveying and planning in New Zealand

Poland

• • Polish Internet Informant of Geodesy & Land Surveying

• Careers in Surveying
  • SurveyingZone
• Software
  • Give Me Power PowerCad Pro
  • Masterbill Micro Systems
  • Free ATS/LSD + GPS + UTM mapper
• Articles
  • Old versus new — how a new surveying technology can create instant CAD models – A web article
  • As-builts – Problems & Proposed Solutions – Discussion on Building Surveys within Construction industry by Stephen R. Pettee, CCM

• Degree of Curvature [1]

Educational Institutions

• Departement des sciences géomatiques, Universite Laval, Qc, CA
• Centre of Geographic Sciences, Nova Scotia Canada Formerly the Nova Scotia Land Survey Institute and College of Geographic Sciences
• Geodesy and Geomatics Engineering Faculty, University of New Brunswick Fredericton, New Brunswick Canada
• Department of Geomatic Engineering, University College London
• Department of Geomatic Engineering, University of Technology Malaysia
• Ecole Nationale des Sciences Geographiques, FR
• Texas A&M University - Corpus Christi, Geographic Information Science Conrad Blucher Institute for Surveying and Science
• Dublin Institute of Technology Geomatics Division
• California State University Fresno Geomatics Engineering college
• University of Alaska Anchorage, School of Engineering, Department of Geomatics
• University of Otago, New Zealand - School of Surveying
• University of KwaZulu Natal Programme of Land Surveying
• Faculty of Geoinformatics, The University of West Hungary Székesfehérvár, Hungary
• Department of Geodesy, The Gdansk University of Technology Gdańsk, Poland
• Department of Geodesy and Cartography, Warsaw University of Technology
• Himalayan College of Geomatic Engineering and Land Resources Management, Purbanchal University, Nepal
• Oregon Institute of Technology, Department of Geomatics, Klamath Falls, Oregon USA

References

• Keay J (2000), The Great Arc: the dramatic tale of how India was mapped and Everest was named, Harper Collins, 182pp, ISBN 0-00-653123-7.
• Pugh J C (1975), Surveying for Field Scientists, Methuen, 230pp, ISBN 0-416-07530-4