User:Immanuelle/Book of the Day
| Book of the Day in hieroglyphs | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
wenut-net-heru wnwt-nt-hrw Book of the Day | |||||||||
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The term Book of the Day is the name of the only fragmentary title “Instructions for knowing the names of the hours of the day”. [1] As a book of heaven and the afterlife, it contains the daily twelve-hour journey of the sun god Re in his barque, which lasts from sunrise to sunset .
Origin[change | change source]
The book of the day is first published in the 20th. Dynasty in the tomb of Ramses VI (1145 to 1137 v. Chr.) As an ancient Egyptian religious treatise, in contrast to the other books of the afterlife, it was not depicted on the burial chamber walls, but on the cosmologically designed ceilings. The hieroglyphs are written entirely in yellow on a black background.
Initially, the Book of the Day in combination with the Book of Nut was reserved exclusively for the tombs of kings ( pharaohs ). Only from the 25th In the 1st Dynasty it first appears without reference to a nut book among non-royal persons. One of the innovations made was the depiction on the tops of sarcophagus lids, which symbolized the burial chamber ceilings of the kings. The outer sarcophagus thus functioned as a “burial chapel”.
Construction[change | change source]
The Book of the Day contains numerous older texts on various topics, some of which date back to the Old Kingdom . New theological interpretations are therefore not always easy to recognize. Each hour of the day is assigned an Hour deity who exercises patronage over that hour. In contrast to the Amduat and the Book of Gates, the sky is depicted without boundaries. Re completes the sun's trajectory of the day in the sun barque, which moves along a heavenly water channel.
| Hours of the day and the corresponding hour deities | |||
| Hour | Surname | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st Hour | That makes the beauty of Re appear (The hour that satisfies) ( Maat or Heka ) | ||
| 2nd Hour | She who drives away the darkness ( Hu ) | ||
| 3rd Hour | Who makes the Bas of the gods rejoice and sees millions ( Sia ) | ||
| 4th Hour | Light of the Dawn ( Asebit ) | ||
| 5th Hour | The Hour of the Goddess Igeret | ||
| 6th Hour | She who rises in the grasp of Seth | ||
| 7th Hour | That makes the heart wide ( Horus ) | ||
| 8th Hour | Becoming and Emergence (Rejoicing of the gods over the defeat of Apophis ) ( Chons ) | ||
| 9th Hour | Hour of translation to Sechet-iaru ( Isis ) | ||
| 10th Hour | Descend to the Seket barge to cross ( Hike-wer ) | ||
| 11th Hour | Straightening the ropes (He who straightens the ropes) | ||
| 12th Hour | Perishing of this god (Re) in the Westland ( Re ) | ||
Related pages[change | change source]
Literature[change | change source]
- Markus Müller-Roth : The book of the day . Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 2008, ISBN 3-5255-3453-1
- Jürgen Osing : The hours of day and night . In: Hieratic Papyri from Tebtunis I . Museum Tusculanum Press, Copenhagen 1998, ISBN 8-7728-9280-3, p. 198–201.
- Alexandra von Lieven : Outline of the course of the stars – The so-called Nutbook . The Carsten Niebuhr Institute of Ancient Eastern Studies (u. a.), Copenhagen 2007, ISBN 978-87-635-0406-5
References[change | change source]
- ↑ Altägyptischer Titel: seschmu en-rech renu en na-wenut-net-heru gemäß Markus Müller-Roth: Das Buch vom Tage. S. 61.