User:Immanuelle/Yamato Okunitama Shrine

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Immanuelle/Yamato Okunitama Shrine
Religion
DeityYamato Okunitama
The torii gate at the Yamato Okuninushi Shrine was irreparably damaged due to the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake, leading to the construction of the current torii gate in December 1998 (Heisei 10).
Yamato Okunitama Shrine Main Hall

According to "Japanese Gods - Shrines and Sacred Sites - 3 Settsu, Kawachi, Izumi, and Awaji" [1], in ancient times the shrine was built facing west towards the Harima Sea, but because boatmen passing by at sea did not worship there, it caused frequent curses, so it was changed to its current south-southwest orientation.

Yamato Okunitama Shrine is a shrine located in Enamikamihata, Minami Awaji City [en; fr], Hyogo Prefecture. It is a shrine listed in the Engishiki ( Meishin Taisha ) and is ninomiya or second ranked shrine in Awaji Province, and its former rank was that of a prefectural shrine..[2]

It is connected to the Yamato no Kuni no MIyatsuko.[2]

Deity[change | change source]


According to "A Fundamental Study on the Ichinomiya System in Medieval Countries," the deities enshrined in the "Ippen Shonin E" and the Noh play "Awaji" are cited as Izanagi-no-Mikoto and Izanami-no-Mikoto, indicating that in the medieval period, the two deities enshrined were Izanagi-no-Mikoto and Izanami-no-Mikoto.[3] The book suggests that such an error occurred because Awaji is the land associated with the creation myth involving Izanagi-no-Mikoto and Izanami-no-Mikoto, leading to this association by shrine families, as speculated in the "Shikinai-sha Report." It also states that the enshrinement returned to Yamato Okuninushi-no-Kami after the separation of Shinto and Buddhism in the Meiji period. The "Chuko Shujishi," dated August 1670 (Kanbun 10), was also written based on the theory that the deities enshrined were Izanagi-no-Mikoto and Izanami-no-Mikoto.[4]

history[change | change source]

The exact date of construction of this shrine is unknown. According to "Japanese Gods - Shrines and Sacred Sites - 3 Settsu, Kawachi, Izumi, Awaji" [1], when the power of the Yamato Imperial Court [en] extended to Awaji, this shrine is believed to have enshrined [En] Yamato-no-Okunitama-jinja Shrine (present-day Yamato Shrine ) in Yamabe District [en], Yamato Province, in prayer for the stability of its rule. The book "Basic Research on the Ichinomiya System in the Medieval Provinces" [3] introduces the theory that the shrine was established in the 5th century, in connection with the rule of the Yamato court.

According to the entry for December 5th, 851 in the " Nihon Montoku Tennō Jitsuroku [en] ," this shrine was designated an official shrine by imperial decree. Furthermore, the entry for January 27, 859 in the Nihon Sandai Jitsuroku [en] records that the shrine's divine rank [en] was promoted from Junior Second Rank and Third Class to Junior First Rank .

In the year 927 (Engi 5), according to the "Engishiki Jinmyocho," it was designated as a Shikinaisha, and a Myojin Taisha. Additionally, in the "Sozei" section of the "Engishiki," it received 800 bundles of festival rations (equivalent to 16 koku of rice) from the state. According to the "Engishiki," at that time, only three other shrines besides Dewa Province's Gassan Shrine, Mutsu Province's Shiogama Shrine, and Izu Province's Mishima-taisha [en] were receiving festival rations directly from the state's regular taxes, indicating that this shrine received special treatment from the state.

This shrine is known as the second shrine of Awaji Province, but according to "Basic Research on the Ichinomiya System in Various Provinces in the Middle Ages" [3], the first mention of this was in the "Order for Annual Taxes from the Shrines of Various Shrines" [5] dated June 1165 (the first year of the Eiman era), which stated, "The second shrine of Awaji Province (50 baskets of charcoal and 100 bundles of firewood)." The book also cites the Gokokuji documents [6], including the Awaji Kokushicho Sensho [7] dated April 1205 (the 2nd year of the Genkyu era ), which states, “It was ordered to quickly gather information about the First and Second Palace Hokke and Sakura festivals, as well as 10 cho of Bugaku rice fields and wilderness areas.” This suggests that the provincial government [ja] was in charge of the festivals of this shrine, as 10 cho of Bugaku rice fields were allocated by the provincial government for the holding of both the Hokke and Sakura festivals. The stone monument in front of the shrine explains how the festival became known to the public as the "Ninomiya Cherry Blossom Festival" because local people would worship the gods and admire the cherry blossoms. Later, the shrine came to be revered as the Ninomiya of Awaji Province, and both the imperial court and the military government became deeply revered. In the past, this Sakura-e festival was held on March 10th, but according to "The Gods of Japan - Shrines and Sacred Sites - 3 Settsu, Kawachi, Izumi, and Awaji" [1], it was discontinued at some point.

According to "Japanese Gods - Shrines and Sacred Sites - 3, Settsu, Kawachi, Izumi, Awaji" [1 [1], in July 1289, the monk Ippen [en] Shonin visited the shrine, composed a poem, wrote it on a wooden tablet, and nailed it to the front of the main shrine building. It is said that this wooden tablet was still there when Shōkai [fr], the editor of "Ippen Hijiri-e," visited the temple after Ippen's death. The book also says that when Ippen Shonin heard that the shrine's deity was Izanami-no-Mikoto, he offered fervent prayers, and even built a hut in front of the shrine, performed dancing nembutsu [en], and handed out pieces of paper with the words "Namu Amida Butsu" written on them.

According to the "Awaji Province Temple and Mountain Memorial Services Order," one of the "Gokokuji Documents" [6], bugaku (traditional dance) performances were offered to the shrine by musicians from Kashu Hachiman (Kashu Hachiman, Minamiawaji City). According to "Japanese Gods - Shrines and Sacred Sites - 3 Settsu, Kawachi, Izumi, and Awaji" [1], this took place during the Muromachi period .

During the Edo period, Awaji Province became a fief of the Tokushima Domain, and the Hachisuka clan [en] also had deep faith in this shrine, donating two tan of land to the shrine in 1702 ( Genroku 15). Since then, it has been revered as a place of prayer for generations, and the shrine buildings have been renovated many times. In addition to rebuilding the main hall, other constructions, such as the construction of other halls in 1829 and 1843, were carried out until the abolition of the han system [en; fr] and the establishment of prefectures following the Meiji Restoration .

Due to the Shinto-Buddhist separation order [en] in 1868, the Kannon Hall of Yamato-ji Temple, the 12th temple on the Awaji Saigoku Pilgrimage, and the Yakushi Hall, the 2nd temple on the Awaji Forty-nine Yakushi Temples, which were located within the shrine grounds, were moved outside. In 1873, under the old shrine ranking system, it was ranked as a prefectural shrine, and in 1877, the main hall and other buildings were all newly built using county funds from believers throughout Mihara County [en].

When the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake [ja] occurred on January 17, 1995, the torii gate, which had been erected approximately 400 years ago, was damaged beyond repair, so in December 1998, parishioners from the five districts of Somori, Kamihata, Shimohata, Matsuda, and Yamadokoro worked together to erect the current torii gate.

Festivals[change | change source]

Cultural Assets[change | change source]

Hyogo Prefecture designated cultural property[change | change source]

  • Important Cultural Property (Tangible Cultural Property)
    • Yamato Company Seal
      According to "Japanese Gods - Shrines and Sacred Sites - 3, Settsu, Kawachi, Izumi, Awaji" [1], the seal is an old bronze seal that was excavated from the temple grounds during the Hoei era, measuring 5.5 cm square and engraved with the words "Yamato Shrine Seal." According to the book, it is said to date back to the early Heian period.

footnote[change | change source]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 谷川健一 編 『日本の神々 -神社と聖地- 3 摂津・河内・和泉・淡路』 株式会社白水社 1984年8月 より。
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Awaji Island Japan Heritage | Ama who supported the ancient state". Awaji Island Japan Heritage | Ama who supported the ancient state. Retrieved 2024-04-07.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 中世諸国一宮制研究会編 『中世諸国一宮制の基礎的研究』 ㈲岩田書院 2000年2月 より。
  4. ↑ 『中興趣意書』は、神道大系編纂会編 『神道大系 神社編41 紀伊・淡路国』 神道大系編纂会 1987年9月 に所収されている。
  5. ↑ 平安遺文3358号 『神祇官諸社年貢注文』は 竹内理三 編 『平安遺文 古文書編 第7巻』 株式会社東京堂出版 1963年10月 に所収されている。
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 「護国寺文書」は、兵庫県史編集専門委員会 編 『兵庫県史 史料編 中世1』 兵庫県 1983年11月 に所収されている。
  7. ↑ 庁宣は、現地に赴任しなかった国司が、国衙の在庁官人にあてた命令のこと。

References[change | change source]

  • Edited by Takeuchi Rizo, Heian Ibun Komonsho Volume 7, Tokyodo Publishing Co., Ltd., October 1963
  • Katsumi Kuroita, National History Series Editing Committee, " National History Series Volume 3: Nihon Koki, Shoku Nihon Koki, Nihon Montoku Tenno Jitsuroku " Yoshikawa Kobunkan Co., Ltd., August 1966
  • Katsumi Kuroita, National History Editing Committee, ed., National History Series, Volume 4 : The Chronicles of the Three Generations of Japan, Yoshikawa Kobunkan Co., Ltd., April 1966
  • Edited by the Hyogo Prefecture History Editing Committee, "Hyogo Prefecture History: Historical Materials, Middle Ages 1," Hyogo Prefecture, November 1983
  • Kenichi Tanigawa (ed.), "Japanese Gods -Shrines and Sacred Places- 3: Settsu, Kawachi, Izumi, Awaji" Hakusuisha Publishing Co., Ltd., August 1984
  • Shinto Taikei Editorial Committee (ed.) Shinto Taikei Shrines Vol. 41 Kii and Awaji Province Shinto Taikei Editorial Committee September 1987
  • "Basic Research on the Ichinomiya System in Medieval Provinces" edited by the Study Group on the Ichinomiya System in Medieval Provinces, Iwata Shoin Co., Ltd., February 2000
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