Ammonium chloride

Ammonium chloride
Names
	IUPAC name Ammonium chloride
	Other names Sal ammoniac, Salmiac, Nushadir salt, Sal armagnac, Salt armoniack, Salmiak
Identifiers
CAS Number	12125-02-9 ;
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
ChEBI	CHEBI:31206 ;
ChemSpider	23807 ;
ECHA InfoCard	100.031.976
EC Number	235-186-4;
KEGG	D01139 ;
PubChem CID	25517;
RTECS number	BP4550000;
UNII	01Q9PC255D ;
UN number	3077
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID0020078 ;
	SMILES [Cl-].[NH4+];
Properties
Chemical formula	ClH4N
Molar mass	53.49 g·mol−1
Appearance	White solid, hygroscopic
Odor	Odorless
Density	1.519 g/cm3
Melting point	338 °C (640 °F; 611 K) decomposes, sublimes
Boiling point	520 °C (968 °F; 793 K)
Sublimation; conditions	Sublimes at 337.6 °C; ΔsublHo = 176.1 kJ/mol
Solubility in water	244 g/L (−15 °C); 294 g/L (0 °C); 383.0 g/L (25 °C); 454.4 g/L (40 °C); 740.8 g/L (100 °C)
Solubility product (Ksp)	30.9 (395 g/L)
Solubility	Soluble in liquid ammonia, hydrazine, ; Slightly soluble in acetone; Insoluble in diethyl ether, ethyl acetate
Solubility in methanol	32 g/kg (17 °C); 33.5 g/kg (19 °C); 35.4 g/kg (25 °C)
Solubility in ethanol	6 g/L (19 °C)
Solubility in glycerol	97 g/kg
Solubility in sulfur dioxide	0.09 g/kg (0 °C); 0.031 g/kg (25 °C)
Solubility in acetic acid	0.67 g/kg (16.6 °C)
Vapor pressure	133.3 Pa (160.4 °C); 6.5 kPa (250 °C); 33.5 kPa (300 °C)
Acidity (pKa)	9.24
Magnetic susceptibility (χ)	-36.7·10−6 cm3/mol
Refractive index (nD)	1.642 (20 °C)
Structure
Crystal structure	CsCl, cP2
Space group	Pm3m, No. 221
Lattice constant	a = 0.3876 nm ; ;
Formula units (Z)	1
Thermochemistry
Std enthalpy of; formation ΔfHo298	−314.43 kJ/mol
Standard molar; entropy So298	94.56 J/mol·K
Specific heat capacity, C	84.1 J/mol·K
Pharmacology
ATC code	B05XA04 (WHO) G04BA01 (WHO)
Hazards
	GHS labelling:
Pictograms	Template:GHS07
Signal word	Warning
Hazard statements	H302, H319
Precautionary statements	P305+P351+P338
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)	2 0 0
Flash point	Non-flammable
	Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
LD50 (median dose)	1650 mg/kg (rats, oral)
	NIOSH (US health exposure limits):
PEL (Permissible)	none
REL (Recommended)	TWA 10 mg/m3 ST 20 mg/m3 (as fume)
IDLH (Immediate danger)	N.D.
Safety data sheet (SDS)	ICSC 1051
Related compounds
Other anions	Ammonium fluoride; Ammonium bromide; Ammonium iodide
Other cations	Sodium chloride; Potassium chloride; Hydroxylammonium chloride
	Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
	verify (what is ?)
	Infobox references

Ammonium chloride is a chemical compound composed of ammonium and chloride ions. It is a colorless crystalline compound. It is used in soldering. It is also used as an electrolyte in the Leclanche cell, a type of primary cell. Ammonium chloride can be deprotonated by strong bases such as sodium hydroxide to produce ammonia gas.It is sublime compound.

Related pages

References

1 2 Haynes, William M., ed. (2011). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (92nd ed.). Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. p. 4.46. ISBN 1439855110.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 ammonium chloride Archived 2015-07-23 at the Wayback Machine. Chemister.ru (2007-03-19). Retrieved on 2018-01-23.
↑ Seidell, Atherton; Linke, William F. (1919). Solubilities of Inorganic and Organic Compounds (2nd ed.). D. Van Nostrand Company.
Results here are multiplied by water's density at temperature of solution for unit conversion.
↑ "Solubility Products of Selected Compounds". Salt Lake Metals. Archived from the original on 2015-10-21. Retrieved 2014-06-11.
1 2 3 4 5 Pradyot, Patnaik (2003). Handbook of Inorganic Chemicals. The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. ISBN 978-0-07-049439-8.
↑ Haynes, William M., ed. (2011). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (92nd ed.). Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. p. 4.131. ISBN 1439855110.
↑ Breñosa, A.G; Rodríguez, F; Moreno, M (1993). "Phase transition temperatures and thermal hysteresis in NH₄Cl_1−xBr_x (x≤0.05) crystals determined through charge transfer spectra of Cu²⁺(II) centres". Solid State Communications. 85 (2): 135. Bibcode:1993SSCom..85..135B. doi:10.1016/0038-1098(93)90362-Q.
↑ Sigma-Aldrich Co., Ammonium chloride. Retrieved on 2014-06-11.
1 2 3 NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. "#0029". National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).

This short article about chemistry can be made longer. You can help Wikipedia by adding to it.

[b92-1] 1 2 Haynes, William M., ed. (2011). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (92nd ed.). Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. p. 4.46. ISBN 1439855110.

[chemister-2] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 ammonium chloride Archived 2015-07-23 at the Wayback Machine. Chemister.ru (2007-03-19). Retrieved on 2018-01-23.

[sioc-3] Seidell, Atherton; Linke, William F. (1919). Solubilities of Inorganic and Organic Compounds (2nd ed.). D. Van Nostrand Company.
Results here are multiplied by water's density at temperature of solution for unit conversion.

[slm-4] "Solubility Products of Selected Compounds". Salt Lake Metals. Archived from the original on 2015-10-21. Retrieved 2014-06-11.

[pphoic-5] 1 2 3 4 5 Pradyot, Patnaik (2003). Handbook of Inorganic Chemicals. The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. ISBN 978-0-07-049439-8.

[6] Haynes, William M., ed. (2011). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (92nd ed.). Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. p. 4.131. ISBN 1439855110.

[7] Breñosa, A.G; Rodríguez, F; Moreno, M (1993). "Phase transition temperatures and thermal hysteresis in NH₄Cl_1−xBr_x (x≤0.05) crystals determined through charge transfer spectra of Cu²⁺(II) centres". Solid State Communications. 85 (2): 135. Bibcode:1993SSCom..85..135B. doi:10.1016/0038-1098(93)90362-Q.

[sigma-8] Sigma-Aldrich Co., Ammonium chloride. Retrieved on 2014-06-11.

[NIOSH-9] 1 2 3 NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. "#0029". National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).

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