View source for Hugo Chávez

{{Use mdy dates|date=April 2020}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific_prefix    = Commander President
| name                = Hugo Chávez
| image               = Hugo Rafael Chávez Frías.jpeg
| caption             = Chávez in 2011
| order               = 47th
| office              = President of Venezuela
| vicepresident       = {{plainlist|
* Diosdado Cabello<br />(14–28 April 2002)
* [[José Vicente Rangel]]<br />(2002–2007)
* [[Jorge Rodríguez (Venezuelan politician)|Jorge Rodríguez]]<br />(2007–2008)
* [[Ramón Carrizales]]<br />(2008–2010)
* [[Elías Jaua]]<br />(2010–2012)
* Nicolás Maduro<br />(2012–2013)
}}
| term_start          = 14 April 2002
| term_end            = 5 March 2013
| predecessor         = [[Diosdado Cabello]] (Acting)
| successor           = [[Nicolás Maduro]]
| vicepresident1      = {{plainlist|
* [[Isaías Rodríguez]]<br />(January–December 2000)
* [[Adina Bastidas]]<br />(2000–2002)
* Diosdado Cabello (January–April 2002)
}}
| term_start1         = 2 February 1999
| term_end1           = 11 April 2002
| predecessor1        = [[Rafael Caldera]]
| successor1          = [[Pedro Carmona]] (Acting)
| office2             = 1st President of the [[United Socialist Party of Venezuela]]
| vicepresident2      = Diosdado Cabello
| term_start2         = 24 March 2007
| term_end2           = 5 March 2013
| predecessor2        = ''Party Established''
| successor2          = Nicolás Maduro
| birth_date          = {{Birth date|1954|7|28|df=yes}}
| birth_place         = [[Sabaneta, Barinas|Sabaneta]], [[Republic of Venezuela]]
| death_date          = {{Death date and age|2013|3|5|1954|7|28|df=yes}}
| death_place         = [[Caracas]], Venezuela
| resting_place       = Cuartel de la Montaña, Caracas
| party               = [[United Socialist Party of Venezuela|PSUV]] (from 2007)
| otherparty          = {{plainlist|
* [[Fifth Republic Movement]]<br />(1997–2007)
* [[Great Patriotic Pole]]<br />(from 2011)
}}
| spouse              = {{plainlist|
* {{marriage|Nancy Colmenares|1977|1995|reason=divorced}}
* {{marriage|[[Marisabel Rodríguez de Chávez|Marisabel Rodríguez]]|1997|2004|reason=divorced}}
}}
| father              = [[Hugo de los Reyes Chávez]]
| mother              = [[Elena Frías de Chávez]]
| children            = 4, including [[María Gabriela Chávez|María Gabriela]]
| alma_mater          = [[Military Academy of Venezuela]]
| signature           = Hugo Chavez Signature.svg
| allegiance          = {{flag|Venezuela}}
| branch              = [[Venezuelan Army]]
| serviceyears        = {{plainlist|
* 1971–1992
* 1999–2013
}}
| rank                = [[Lieutenant colonel]]
| commands            = Venezuelan Army
| battles             =
}}
'''Hugo Rafael Chávez Frías''' ([[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]: {{IPA|['uɰo rafa'el 'tʃaβes 'fɾias]}}, 28 July 1954 – 5 March 2013) was the 47th [[President of Venezuela]] from 1999 until his death in 2013. He was the leader of the "[[Bolivarian Revolution]]" and promoted his vision of [[democratic socialism]],<ref>{{cite web|first=Hugh|last=O'Shaughnessy|title=Venezuela's President Chavez wins hearts and minds in London|publisher=[[The Observer]] available at [[Taipei Times]]|url=http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/editorials/archives/2006/05/22/2003309508|date=May 22, 2006|accessdate=December 28, 2006 }}</ref> [[Latin America]]n integration, and [[anti-imperialism]]. Chávez was also an ardent critic of [[neoliberalism|neoliberal]] [[globalization]] and [[Foreign relations of the United States|U.S. foreign policy]].<ref>Ellner, Steve. "The 'Radical' Thesis on Globalisation and the Case of Venezuela's Hugo Chavez" ''Latin American Perspectives'', Vol. 29, No. 6, Globalization and Globalism in Latin America and the Caribbean. (Nov. 2002), pp. 88-93. [https://www.jstor.org/stable/3185001 Stable URL.]</ref>

==Career==
Chávez was a career military officer. He founded the [[left-wing politics|left-wing]] [[Fifth Republic Movement]] after a failed [[coup d'état]] against former President [[Carlos Andrés Pérez]]. Chávez was elected to serve as president in 1998. This was mainly because he promised to help the poor majority of Venezuelan people. He was re-elected in 2000, and 2006.

He started a movement called [[Bolivarian Missions]]. Its goal is to fight [[disease]], [[illiteracy]], [[malnutrition]], [[poverty]], and other social problems. Abroad, Chávez is known for supporting alternative models of economic development. He also spoke in favor of a collaboration of poor nations, especially those in [[Latin America]]. On 20 September 2006, Chávez made a speech to the [[UN General Assembly]]. Chávez said that U.S. President [[George W. Bush]] is "The devil came here yesterday, and it smells of sulfur still today".<ref>[http://www.cnn.com/2012/12/11/world/americas/hugo-chavez---fast-facts/ Hugo Chavez fun facts] at [[CNN]].com</ref>

Chávez's reforms have caused [[wikt:controversy|controversy]], both inside Venezuela, and outside the country. Some people criticized the reforms, others supported them. Those people who support the reforms say that he has given more power to the poor, and that he has stimulated economic growth. Those who argue against the reforms say that he is an [[autocracy|autocrat]] who has mismanaged the economy.<ref>BBC News. [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/3177129.stm Chávez allies rally their support](August 24, 2003). Accessed December 4, 2006</ref>

Some governments, especially the government of the [[United States]] saw Chávez as a threat to global oil prices, as well as to regional stability.<ref>{{cite web|title=Sign of hope in US-Venezuela ties|publisher = [[BBC News]]|date = December 15, 2006|url =http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/6181785.stm|accessdate = December 19, 2006}}</ref> Others sympathize with his ideology<ref>{{cite web|title=Ofensiva diplomática de Correa|publisher=Al Día|url=http://www.pontealdia.com/press.php?article=23431&section=40&edition=341|date=December 28, 2006|accessdate=December 28, 2006|archive-date=September 30, 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930092049/http://www.pontealdia.com/press.php?article=23431&section=40&edition=341|url-status=dead}}{{in lang|es}}</ref> or welcome his bilateral trade and reciprocal aid agreements.<ref>{{cite web|title = Chávez resumes cooperation agenda in South America|work = [[El Universal (Caracas)|El Universal]]|date = December 8, 2006|url = http://english.eluniversal.com/2006/12/08/en_pol_art_08A813079.shtml|accessdate = December 19, 2006}}</ref>

==Awards==
In 2005 and 2006 he was named one of ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' magazine's [[Time 100|100 most influential people]].<ref>{{cite web|first=Tim|last=Padgett|title=Hugo Chavez: The Radical with Deep Pockets|publisher=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]|url=http://www.time.com/time/subscriber/2005/time100/leaders/100chavez.html|date=April 10, 2005|accessdate=December 31, 2006|archive-date=January 11, 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070111175102/http://www.time.com/time/subscriber/2005/time100/leaders/100chavez.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=influence>{{cite news|url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1187165,00.html|title=Hugo Chavez: Leading the Left-Wing Charge|date=May 8, 2006|accessdate=July 26, 2006|last=Padgett|first=Tim|archive-date=April 5, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130405165023/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1187165,00.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Chavez has received many prizes: He has received [[doctor honoris causa|honorary doctorates]] from the University of Beijing, the university of Rio de Janeiro, the university of Santo Domingo, and Kyung Hee University in South Korea.

==Belief==
Chávez said he was a [[Roman Catholic]].<ref>[https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/southamerica/venezuela/8683051/Hugo-Chavez-seeks-help-from-indigenous-deities-to-beat-cancer.html Hugo Chavez seeks help]</ref> Much like his predecessor Simon Bólivar, Chávez tolerated elements of belief systems,popular in Venezuela, such as the [[María Lionza cult]] and [[Sanería]]. These movements mix Roman Catholic belief with other elements, such as those of [[Voodoo]] and [[Shamanism]]. Chavez also put emphasis on the social ideas of the Catholic church, and remained in the background when it came to discussing controversial ideas. His ideas caused controversy with some [[cleric]]s of the Catholic church, and some evangelical movements. While he was na pilgrimage, cardinal [[Rosalio Lara]] said that those that did not have the same ideas as the people in power were persecuted, and that Chavez' way of running the country was undemocratic.

==Health==
He had an operation on his [[pelvis]] to remove his [[colorectal cancer]].<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-20656441 Chavez announces new cancer operation]</ref> In January 2013, his cancer worsened and was put on life support. Chávez put his daughter in charge whether he should live or die. He was treated for the disease in [[Cuba]] and in Venezuela. On 27 February 2013 rumors said that his daughter stopped the life support on 23 February. Later on 28 February the Vice President, [[Nicolás Maduro]] said that Chávez was fighting for his life. Chávez died of colorectal cancer on 5 March 2013.

==Death==
{{main|Death and state funeral of Hugo Chávez}}
On 5 March 2013 Vice President Maduro announced on state television that Chávez died in [[Caracas]], [[Venezuela]] at 16:25 VET (2055 [[UTC]]), at the age of 58.<ref name="dies">{{cite web|title=Venezuelan President Hugo Chavez dead after battle with cancer|url=http://www.foxnews.com/world/2013/03/05/venezuelan-president-hugo-chavez-dead-vp-says/#ixzz2MhrIoyVP|accessdate=March 7, 2013|date=March 5, 2013|publisher=[[Fox News]] by [[Associated Press]]}}</ref><ref name="dead">{{cite web|title=Iconic Venezuelan president Hugo Chavez dies|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-21679053|publisher=[[BBC News]]|date=March 6, 2013|accessdate=March 7, 2013}}</ref> The cause of his death was a heart attack caused by colorectal cancer and respiratory failure.<ref name="dies"/> He battled cancer since June 2011.<ref name="dies"/><ref name="dead"/> He is survived by his three daughters and one son. Leaders from the world shared reactions about Chávez's death.

== References ==
{{reflist|2}}

==Other websites==
{{wikinews}}
{{Commons}}
{{Wikiquote}}
* [http://www.lapatriagrande.net/01_venezuela/elecciones_2006/hugo_chavez_frias.htm Hugo Chávez en "La Patria Grande de Caracas"]
* PBS Frontline Documentary: [https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/hugochavez/view/ The Hugo Chávez Show]
* Chavez: Inside the Coup: [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Id--ZFtjR5c The Revolution Will Not Be Televised]
* The Guardian: [http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/interactive/2009/feb/02/hugo-chavez-venezuela The Rise and Rule of 'Hurricane Hugo'] audio slide show
* Democracy Now! September 16, 2005 Interview: [http://www.democracynow.org/article.pl?sid=05/09/19/1336214 Part I] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071113194108/http://www.democracynow.org/article.pl?sid=05/09/19/1336214 |date=2007-11-13 }} and [http://www.democracynow.org/article.pl?sid=05/09/20/1330218 Part II] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051104184826/http://www.democracynow.org/article.pl?sid=05%2F09%2F20%2F1330218 |date=2005-11-04 }} with Hugo Chávez, in New York City
* ABC News Video, April 27, 2007: [http://abcnews.go.com/video/playerIndex?id=2956467 Barbara Walters interviews Hugo Chávez]
* Interview with [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZddqUX4aAc4 Hugo Chávez about the American threat] October 2009
* NPR Audio Report, February 18, 2008: [https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=19147881 The Politics of Venezuela's Hugo Chávez]

{{Presidents of Venezuela}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Chavez, Hugo}}
[[Category:Deaths from colorectal cancer]]
[[Category:Deaths from respiratory failure]]
[[Category:Deaths from myocardial infarction]]
[[Category:Cancer deaths in Venezuela]]
[[Category:Presidents of Venezuela]]
[[Category:Former dictators]]
[[Category:Democratic socialists]]
[[Category:Venezuelan Roman Catholics]]
[[Category:1954 births]]
[[Category:2013 deaths]]