Hymn to Liberty
| English: Hymn to Liberty | |
|---|---|
| Hymnos eis tin Eleutherian | |
 An old book cover of the national anthem. | |
| National anthem of | Greece Cyprus |
| Adopted | 1865 (by Greece)[1] 1966 (by Cyprus)[2] 1908–13 (by the Cretan State) |
The "Hymn to Liberty" (el. Ὕμνος εἰς τὴν Ἐλευθερίαν, Hymnos eis tin Eleutherian) has been the national anthem of Greece since 1865[1] and Cyprus since 1966.[2] It is based on a long poem written in 1823 by Dionysios Solomos. The words were later set to music by Nicolaos Mantzaros in 1865.[3][4][5][6]
Lyrics[change | change source]
Greek original[change | change source]
| Monotonic orthography | Polytonic orthography | Modern Roman Greek | Modern Arabic Greek | Yevanic Greek | Pontic Greek | Transliteration | IPA transcription |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψι |
Se gnorizo apo tin copsi |
سَغنُرِزُ آپُتٍقُپسِ |
סֶה גְנוֹרִיזוֹ אַפּוֹ טִין קוֹפְּסִי |
Се гнѡрізѡ апо тин коѱі |
Sɛ̀ gnɔrízɔ apò tèn kópse, |
[s̠e̞ ɣno̞ˈɾiˑz̠o̞̯‿ɐpo̞ tiŋ ˈko̞ˑps̠i] |
Translation[change | change source]
| By Rudyard Kipling (1918)[10] | Common Turkish variant[11][12][13][14] (co-official language of Cyprus) |
|---|---|
We knew thee of old, |
Tanırım seni, kılıcının |
From the graves of our slain, |
Kutlu kemiklerinden |
Notes[change | change source]
- ↑ For etymological purposes, ⟨h⟩ is written only if a vowel has a rough breathing diacritic ⟨ ̔⟩ above it (indicated in the polytonic orthography). This marked the presence of /h/ but the sound disappeared during the Hellinistic period.
⟨αι, οι⟩ would normally be transliterated as ⟨ai, oi⟩ but are instead ⟨æ, œ⟩ in this case. These once represented diphthongs in Ancient Greek but have since now merged with /e, i/ in Modern Greek. The purpose of the Latin ligatures are used to distinguish ⟨αι, οι⟩ from ⟨ε, ι/ει/η⟩, but are otherwise all pronounced the same. Similarly, ⟨υ⟩ is ⟨y⟩ but also pronounced as /i/ (formerly a distinct phoneme /y/). This is likely done in order to allow for fewer homonyms in the Modern Roman Greek texts.
⟨κ⟩ is typically transliterated as ⟨k⟩, but it is instead ⟨c⟩ because it is pronounced in Modern Greek as a palatal or velar plosive /c, k/ like the hard ⟨c⟩ in English cute. Although the latter came from ⟨γ⟩, it is also used to transcribe many Latin words of Greek origin that contained ⟨κ⟩. - ↑ Latin ⟨ɛ, e, ɔ⟩ can alternatively be transcribed as ⟨e, ê/ē, ô/ō/ꞷ⟩ respectively. The latter two (η, ω) once represented the long open-mid vowels /ɛː, ɔː/ in Ancient Greek, but are now pronounced [e̞, o̞] (the same as ⟨ε, ο⟩ in Modern Greek—the language used for this song).
⟨φ, θ, χ⟩ were aspirated ⟨π, τ, κ⟩ in Ancient Greek but have now become
fricatives /f, θ, x/ in Modern Greek, and are thus either transliterated as ⟨ph, th, kh/ch⟩ or ⟨f, ṯ, ḵ⟩.
References[change | change source]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Εθνικός Ύμνος presidency.gov.cy, 2011-05-30
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Presidency of the Republic of Cyprus - The National Anthem. presidency.gov.cy.
- ↑ "National Anthem". Archived from the original on 20 January 2021. Retrieved 24 December 2020.
- ↑ Το μνημείο διατίθεται για διαδηλώσεις Η "χρήση" του Άγνωστου Στρατιώτη και... άλλες βέβηλες ιστορίες Κανέλλης, Ηλίας. tanea.gr, 2010-09-25. Ta Nea. "Ο «Ύμνος προς την Ελευθερίαν» του Διονυσίου Σολωμού είναι, πρωτίστως, ένα ποίημα μέσω του οποίου υμνήθηκε το έθνος-κράτος, σε περίοδο που οι εθνικές οντότητες ήταν ταυτόσημες της νεωτερικότητας."
- ↑ Ο εθνικός ύμνος "ελεύθερος" στο Διαδίκτυο Τομαδάκη, Κωστούλα. To Pontiki, 2010-11-22. "Το 1865, μετά την ένωση της Επτανήσου με την Ελλάδα, ο «Ύμνος προς την Ελευθερίαν» καθιερώθηκε ως εθνικός ύμνος της Ελλάδας."
- ↑ Εφημερίδα της Κυβερνήσεως – Το Ναύπλιον γενέθλιος πόλις της εφημερίδος της Κυβερνήσεως 2012-09-14. Αργολική Αρχειακή Βιβλιοθήκη Ιστορίας & Πολιτισμού. "Ας σημειωθή χαρακτηριστικώς, ότι η περί ης ο λόγος εφημερίς προέτεινεν εις το φύλλον της 21ης Οκτωβρίου 1825 την καθιέρωσιν ως εθνικού ύμνου του ποιήματος του Δ. Σολωμού «Ύμνος προς την Ελευθερίαν», του οποίου εδημοσίευσεν ανάλυσιν υπό του Σπ. Τρικούπη."
- ↑ Ύμνος εις την Ελευθερίαν stixoi
- ↑ Ύμνος εις την Ελευθερίαν sansimera
- ↑ [1] Greek language, Modern. Papaloizos, Theodore.
- ↑ The National Anthem. Presidency.gr.
- ↑ "Yunan milli marşının anlamını biliyor musunuz?". TimeTurk. Retrieved 2021-10-11.
- ↑ "EGE ADALARIMIZ YUNAN İŞGALİ ALTINDA * Andımız yasak, Yunan marşı serbest!". Nacikaptan. 2018-11-14. Retrieved 2021-10-11.
- ↑ http://kocaeliaydinlarocagi.org.tr/Yazi/Detay/9197
- ↑ Türk adalarında Yunan Milli Marşı okunuyor. Sonsöz.
