IS PATH WARM?
IS PATH WARM? is an acronym used as a mnemonic device. It was created to help counselors and the general public "remember the warning signs of suicide."[1]
The acronym[change | change source]
| I | Ideation | Talking of wanting to die, looking for ways to die, talking about death |
| S | Substance abuse | Increased or excessive substance use (alcohol or drugs) |
| P | Purposelessness | No reason for living; no sense of purpose in life |
| A | Anxiety | Anxiety, agitation; unable to sleep |
| T | Trapped | Feeling trapped – like there's no way out; resistance to help |
| H | Hopelessness | Hopelessness about the future |
| W | Withdrawal | Withdrawing from friends, family and society; sleeping all the time |
| A | Anger | Rage, uncontrolled anger; seeking revenge |
| R | Recklessness | Acting recklessly or engaging in risky activities, seemingly without thinking |
| M | Mood changes | Dramatic mood changes |
How good it is at predicting[change | change source]
Psychiatric literature has mixed reviews of the value of the mnemonic. Several studies have found that some of the warning signs are associated with having thoughts about suicide. A study compared 215 postings on an online "suicide forum" with 94 postings on a "self-injury forum".[2] They found that posters in the 'suicide forum' were more likely than those in the 'self-injury forum' to express thoughts about suicide, purposelessness, feeling trapped, and social withdrawal. The comparison also found that this is not true for recklessness, people in the self-injury forum were more likely to be reckless. The study said that individuals who show "IS PATH WARM" warning signs were more likely to have suicidal ideation.
Psychiatric lierature has also been critical about the value of the mnemonic for predicing suicidal behavior. A whitepaper done for the United States Fire Service's Suicide and Depression Summit said that the acronym may not be as useful, because it is not very specific, or sensitive. A 2011 study was also critical of "IS PATH WARM"'s validity, finding that none of the ten warning signs were able to predict completed suicides.[3]
According to a review of school-based suicide prevention, an additional concern is that the IS PATH WARM warning signs were based on risk factors for suicide that appear across the lifespan. There is no independent review for youth suicides. For this reason, the acronym's value in predicting suicidal behavior in children is uncertain.[4]
Using it to educate[change | change source]
One of the aims of creating the acronym was to help the general public learn and see the warning signs of suicide. The Society's "IS PATH WARM" webpage explains: "These warning signs were compiled by a task force of expert clinical-researchers and 'translated' for the general public."[1]
"IS PATH WARM?" has widely been used to educate people. It is included in many materials about preventing suicides.Sources include the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration's National Suicide Prevention Lifeline;[5] the Canadian Association for Suicide Prevention;[6] the New York State Department of Correctional Services Training Academy;[7] and the United States Navy,[8] among many others.
Related pages[change | change source]
References[change | change source]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 "Know the Warning Signs of Suicide". Suicidology.org. American Association of Suicidology. Archived from the original on February 12, 2016. Retrieved February 3, 2016.
- ↑ McSwain S; Lester D; et al. 2012 (2012). "Warning Signs for Suicide in Internet Forums". Psychological Reports. 111 (1): 186–188. doi:10.2466/12.13.PR0.111.4.186-188. PMID 23045860.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ↑ Lester D; McSwain S; et al. 2011 (2011). "A Test of the Validity of the IS PATH WARM Warning Signs for Suicide". Psychological Reports. 108 (2): 402–404. doi:10.2466/09.12.13.PR0.108.2.402-404. PMID 21675556.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ↑ Berman AL 2009 (2009). "School-Based Suicide Prevention: Research Advances and Practice Implications". School Psychology Review. 38 (2). National Association of School Psychologists: 233–238. doi:10.1080/02796015.2009.12087834. Archived from the original on 2020-01-15. Retrieved 2023-08-01.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ↑ "Materials". National Suicide Prevention Lifeline. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. Retrieved February 3, 2016.
- ↑ "Warning Signs". CASP/ACPS Sharing HOPE & Resiliency. Canadian Association for Suicide Prevention / Association canadienne pour la prévention du suicide (CASP/ACPS). Archived from the original on January 6, 2016. Retrieved February 3, 2016.
- ↑ "Suicide Prevention and Intervention" (PDF). NYSED Office of the Professions. New York State Education Department (NYSED). Archived from the original (PDF) on September 10, 2015. Retrieved February 3, 2016.
- ↑ "Navy Suicide Prevention: Warning Signs of Suicide" (PDF). United States Navy Suicide Prevention. United States Navy. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 19, 2016. Retrieved February 3, 2016.