View source for Manchukuo

{{Infobox country
| conventional_long_name = State of Manchuria (Manchukuo) {{small|(1932–1934)<br />'''{{nobold|{{lang|zh|滿洲國|italics=off}}}}'''<br />}}<hr />Empire of (Great) Manchuria<br>{{small|(1934–1945)<br>'''{{nobold|{{lang|zh|(大)滿洲帝國|italics=off}}}}'''}}
| common_name            = Manchukuo
| era                    = {{nowrap|[[Interwar period|Interbellum]]{{·}}[[World War II]]}}
| status                 = [[Client state]]/[[Puppet state]] of the [[Empire of Japan]]
| empire                 = [[Empire of Japan|Japan]]
| government_type        = [[One-party state|One-party]] [[constitutional monarchy]] under an [[authoritarian]]-[[personalist]] [[dictatorship]]
| event_start            = Proclaimed
| year_start             = 1932
| date_start             = 18 February
| event_end              = [[World War II#War ends in Pacific|Surrender of Japan]]
| year_end               = 1945
| date_end               = 15 August
| p1                     = Republic of China{{!}}Republic of China
| flag_p1                = Flag of the Republic of China.svg
| s1                     = Soviet occupation of Manchuria
| flag_s1                = Flag of the Soviet Union (1936-1955).svg
| image_flag             = Flag of Manchukuo.svg
| image_coat             = Emblem of the Emperor of Manchukuo.svg
| symbol_type            = Imperial Seal
| image_map              = Manchukuo in Empire of Japan.svg
| image_map_caption      = Manchukuo (dark red) within the Empire of Japan (light red) at its furthest extent
| national_anthem        = [[National Anthem of Manchukuo]]
<center>[[File:Manchukuo National Anthem 1933-1942 Chinese Korean.ogg]]</center> (1933–1942 version)
<center>[[File:Manchukuo National Anthem 1942.ogg]]</center> (1942–1945 version)
| national_motto         = "[[Five Races Under One Union (Manchukuo)|Five Races Under One Union]]"
| capital                = [[Changchun|Hsinking <small>(Changchun)</small>]]<br />{{smaller|(until 9 August 1945)}}<br />[[Tonghua]]<br />{{smaller|(from 9 August 1945)}}
| common_languages       = [[Japanese language|Japanese]]<br />[[Manchu language|Manchu]]<br />[[Mandarin Chinese|Mandarin]]<br />[[Mongolian language|Mongolian]]
| title_leader           = [[Chief Executive of Manchukuo|Chief Executive]]
| leader1                = [[Puyi|Aisin-Gioro Puyi]]
| year_leader1           = 1932–1934
| title_representative   = [[Emperor of Manchukuo|Emperor]]
| representative1        = [[Puyi|Aisin-Gioro Puyi]]
| year_representative1   = 1934–1945
| title_deputy           = [[Prime Minister of Manchukuo|Prime Minister]]
| deputy1                = [[Zheng Xiaoxu]]
| year_deputy1           = 1932–1935
| deputy2                = [[Zhang Jinghui]]
| year_deputy2           = 1935–1945
| legislature            = [[Legislative Council (Manchukuo)|Legislative Council]]
| stat_year1             = 1940 est.
| stat_pop1              = 35,000,000
| stat_area1             = 1192081
| currency               = [[Manchukuo yuan]]
| religion               = [[State Shinto]]
}}
'''Manchukuo''' was a [[puppet state]] of the [[Empire of Japan]] in [[China]] and [[Inner Mongolia]] from 1932 until 1945. It was first a [[republic]], but in 1934 it became a [[constitutional monarchy]]. It had little [[international recognition]] and was under the ''[[de facto]]'' control of Japan. Japan also took Inner Mongolia in 1936 and renamed it [[Mengjiang United Autonomous Government|Mengjiang]] in 1936.

[[Manchuria]] was the place of the [[Manchu people|Manchus]], including the kings of the [[Qing dynasty]]. In 1931, Japan [[Occupied territory|occupied]] Manchuria after the [[Mukden Incident]].  A pro-Japanese government was created one year later with [[Puyi]], the last [[Qing dynasty|Qing emperor]], as the nominal regent and later emperor.<ref>[http://concise.britannica.com/ebc/article-9371137/Manchukuo Encyclopædia Britannica article on Manchukuo] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071221081805/http://concise.britannica.com/ebc/article-9371137/Manchukuo |date = 21 December 2007}}</ref> Manchukuo's government was removed in 1945 at the end of [[World War II]]. The [[Soviet Union]] invaded in August 1945,<ref>{{cite web |author = C. Peter Chen |url = http://ww2db.com/battle_spec.php?battle_id=167 |title = Manchurian Strategic Offensive Operation &#124; World War II Database |work = World War II Database |accessdate = 2015-09-10 |url-status = live |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20150904114522/http://ww2db.com/battle_spec.php?battle_id=167 |archivedate = 4 September 2015 |df = dmy-all }}</ref> and formally transferred the territory to Chinese administration in the following year. 

Although the territories came under the jurisdiction of the Nationalist government, the brief Soviet occupation helped make the region a base for the Chinese Communist troops led by [[Mao Zedong]]. The [[People's Liberation Army]] got Japanese equipment and a strategic advantage against the [[National Revolutionary Army]] led by [[Chiang Kai-shek]].<ref name="Borisov">Borisov O. 1977. ''The Soviet Union and the Manchurian Revolutionary Base (1945-1949)''. Moscow, Progress Publishers.</ref>

[[Manchu]]s were a minority in Manchukuo: the largest ethnic group were [[Han Chinese]]. The number of [[Koreans]] increased during the Manchukuo period, and there were also [[Japanese people|Japanese]], [[Mongols]], [[White émigré|White Army Russians]] and other minorities. The southern part of the [[Liaodong Peninsula]] was ruled by Japan as the [[Kwantung Leased Territory]]. 

Manchukuo had a Japanese death camp called [[Unit 731]] where up to half a million died from medical experiments and other causes. This is similar to the [[Nazi concentration camps|Nazi concentration camp]] [[Auschwitz]] in Nazi-occupied Poland. 

In August 1945 [[Stalin]] invaded Manchukuo as well as [[Mengjiang United Autonomous Government|Mengjiang]] and North Korea. America got South Korea, so the two large countries split [[Korea]] in half. Stalin controlled [[Manchuria]] until 1946. In the same year, 1946, Stalin helped Mao Zedong in the [[Chinese Civil War|Second Chinese Civil War (1946{{ndash}}1949)]].

== Names of Machukuo ==
Manchukuo means Manchuria in [[Japanese]] 満州国 ; manchukoku . The Mongolians called it ([[Mongolian]] : Манеж-Го : Manjugo) the Russians called it ([[Russian language|Russian]] : Маньчжоу-Го : Man’chzhou-Go) the Chinese called it ([[Chinese language|Chinese]] : 满洲国 : mǎnzhōuguó) the Koreans called it ([[Korean]] : 만주국 : Manjugug).

== References ==
{{Reflist}}{{reflist}}


[[Category:Former countries in Asia]]
[[Category:20th century in Japan]]
[[Category:20th century in China]]
[[Category:1932 establishments in Asia]]
[[Category:1945 disestablishments in Asia]]
[[Category:20th century in Mongolia]]
[[Category:Puppet states]]
[[Category:Former dictatorships]]