View source for Tokugawa shogunate

{{Redlinks|date = October 2015}}
{{Infobox country
| conventional_long_name = Tokugawa shogunate
| native_name            = 徳川幕府
| image_flag             = Flag of the Tokugawa Shogunate.svg
| image_coat             = Tokugawa family crest.svg
| symbol_type            = ''Mon'' of Tokugawa family
| image_map              = Tokugawa shogunate of Japan on the globe (de-facto) (Japan centered).png
| capital                = [[Edo]]
| leader_title1          = [[Emperors of Japan|Emperor]]
| leader_name1           = [[Go-Yōzei]] (first)<br />[[Meiji]] (last)
| leader_title2          = [[Shōgun]]
| leader_name2           = Tokugawa Ieyasu (first)<br />Tokugawa Yoshinobu (last)
| established_event1     = Battle of Sekigahara
| established_date1      = 21 October 1600<ref>{{Cite web |url= https://www.nakasendoway.com/the-story-of-the-battle-of-sekigahara/|title= The Story of the Battle of Sekigahara |accessdate=2021-05-28}}</ref>
| established_event2     = Shogunate established by [[Tokugawa Ieyasu]]
| established_date2      = 1603
| established_event3     = [[Meiji Restoration]]
| established_date3      = 3 January 1868
| life_span              = 1603–1868
| p1                     = Azuchi–Momoyama period
| s1                     = Empire of Japan
| flag_p1                = Toyotomi mon.png
| flag_p2                = Mitsubaaoi.svg
| p2                     = Tokugawa clan
| flag_s1                = Flag of Japan (1870–1999).svg
| flag_s2                = Seal of Ezo.svg
| s2                     = Republic of Ezo
}}
[[File:Edo P.jpg|thumb|right|380px|The Tokugawa Shogunate had its center in [[Edo castle]].]]

The '''Tokugawa shogunate''', also known as the {{nihongo|'''Tokugawa bakufu'''|徳川幕府}}, and the {{nihongo|'''Edo bakufu'''|江戸幕府}}, was a [[Feudalism|feudal]] [[Japan]]ese military [[government]].<ref name="nussbaum978">{{cite book| last = Nussbaum | first = Louis-Frédéric| title = Japan Encyclopedia| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=p2QnPijAEmEC&pg=PA978| year = 2002| publisher = Harvard University Press| isbn = 978-0-674-01753-5| page = 978 }}</ref>  The heads of government were the [[shogun]]s.<ref>{{cite book| last = Nussbaum | first = Louis-Frédéric| title = Japan Encyclopedia| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=p2QnPijAEmEC&pg=PA878| year = 2002| publisher = Harvard University Press| isbn = 978-0-674-01753-5| pages = 878–879 }}</ref> Each was a member of the [[Tokugawa clan|Tokugawa family]].<ref name="nussbaum976">{{cite book| last = Nussbaum | first = Louis-Frédéric| title = Japan Encyclopedia| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=p2QnPijAEmEC&pg=PA976| year = 2002| publisher = Harvard University Press| isbn = 978-0-674-01753-5| page = 976 }}</ref>

These years are known as the [[Edo period]]. The period takes its name from the city where the Tokugawa shoguns lived.<ref>{{cite book| last = Nussbaum | first = Louis-Frédéric| title = Japan Encyclopedia| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=p2QnPijAEmEC&pg=PA167| year = 2002| publisher = Harvard University Press| isbn = 978-0-674-01753-5| page = 167 }}</ref>  This time is also called the [[Tokugawa period]]<ref name="nussbaum978"/> or pre-modern (''Kinsei'').<ref>{{cite book| last = Nussbaum | first = Louis-Frédéric| title = Japan Encyclopedia| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=p2QnPijAEmEC&pg=PA525| year = 2002| publisher = Harvard University Press| isbn = 978-0-674-01753-5| page = 525 }}</ref>

==History==
Before the Tokugawa shogun was the [[Sengoku period|sengoku]] era. During this time, many people controlled small areas of land. [[Oda Nobunaga]] began to join these small areas. After he died in 1582, [[Toyotomi Hideyoshi]] took over for him.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=Japan in world history|url=https://archive.org/details/japaninworldhist0000huff|last=Huffman|first=James L.|date=2010|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-536808-6|series=The new Oxford world history|location=Oxford New York|chapter=Peace--And Its Benefits (1550-1850)}}</ref> Hideyoshi died in 1598.<ref name=":0" /> When he died, the people under him fought for control. The last battle in this was the [[Battle of Sekigahara]] where [[Tokugawa Ieyasu]] won.

Tokugawa Ieyasu needed permission from the [[Emperor of Japan]] to take control. The emperor gave him this permission, making him the [[Shogun]], in 1603. He established a military government in [[Edo]], now [[Tokyo]].<ref name="nussbaum978" /> He won against his last enemies in 1615 at the [[Battle of Osaka Castle]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|title=Voices of early modern Japan: contemporary accounts of daily life during the age of the Shoguns|last=Vaporis|first=Constantine Nomikos|date=2021|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-0-367-42793-1|edition=2nd|location=Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY|page=xxiii}}</ref>

The Tokugawa ruled in peace until the middle of the 1800s.<ref name=":1" /> During this time period, much of common [[Japanese culture]] was created. This includes high [[literacy]] rates, [[kabuki]] theater, the [[Japanese tea ceremony]], [[sumo]] wrestling, [[woodblock printing]], and [[sushi]].<ref name=":1" />  

The Tokugawa shogunate ended with the [[Boshin civil war]]. Instead of choosing a new shogun, Emperor [[Meiji]] ruled directly. The changes he made are named the [[Meiji Restoration]].<ref>{{Cite book|title=Politics and Society in Japan's Meiji Restoration: A Brief History with Documents|last=Walthall|first=Anne|last2=Steele|first2=M. William|date=2016-12-30|isbn=9781319054120}}</ref>

==Structure==
The Tokugawa government is sometimes known as the bakuhan system because it had two parts. The first part was the bakufu, the shogun's government. The second part was the hans. Hans were small areas of land led by [[daimyo]] leaders. The shogun did not control minor events in hans.

==List of the Tokugawa shoguns==
# [[Tokugawa Ieyasu]], r. 1603–1605<ref>{{cite book| last = Nussbaum | first = Louis-Frédéric| title = Japan Encyclopedia| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=p2QnPijAEmEC&pg=PA977| year = 2002| publisher = Harvard University Press| isbn = 978-0-674-01753-5| pages = 977–978 }}</ref>
# [[Tokugawa Hidetada]], r. 1605–1623<ref name="nussbaum976" />
# [[Tokugawa Iemitsu]], r. 1623–1651<ref name="nussbaum976" />
# [[Tokugawa Ietsuna]], r. 1651–1680<ref name="google977">{{cite book| last = Nussbaum | first = Louis-Frédéric| title = Japan Encyclopedia| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=p2QnPijAEmEC&pg=PA977| year = 2002| publisher = Harvard University Press| isbn = 978-0-674-01753-5| page = 977 }}</ref>
# [[Tokugawa Tsunayoshi]], r. 1680–1709<ref name="google979">{{cite book| last = Nussbaum | first = Louis-Frédéric| title = Japan Encyclopedia| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=p2QnPijAEmEC&pg=PA979| year = 2002| publisher = Harvard University Press| isbn = 978-0-674-01753-5| page = 979 }}</ref>
# [[Tokugawa Ienobu]], r. 1709–1712<ref name="google977"/>
# [[Tokugawa Ietsugu]], r. 1713–1716<ref name="nussbaum978" />
# [[Tokugawa Yoshimune]], r. 1716–1745<ref name="google979"/>
# [[Tokugawa Ieshige]], r. 1745–1760<ref name="google977"/>
# [[Tokugawa Ieharu]], r. 1760–1786<ref name="nussbaum976" />
# [[Tokugawa Ienari]], r. 1787–1837<ref name="google977"/>
# [[Tokugawa Ieyoshi]], r. 1837–1853<ref name="nussbaum978" />
# [[Tokugawa Iesada]], r. 1853–1858<ref name="google977"/>
# [[Tokugawa Iemochi]], r. 1858–1866<ref name="google977"/>
# [[Tokugawa Yoshinobu]], r. 1866–1867<ref>{{cite book| last = Nussbaum | first = Louis-Frédéric| title = Japan Encyclopedia| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=p2QnPijAEmEC&pg=PA979| year = 2002| publisher = Harvard University Press| isbn = 978-0-674-01753-5| pages = 979–780 }}</ref>

==Related pages==
* [[Kamakura shogunate]]
* [[Ashikaga shogunate]]
* [[Meiji Restoration]]

==References==
[[File:Tokugawa family crest.svg|thumb|120px|The [[hollyhock]] [[symbol]] of the Tokugawa family.]]
{{reflist}}

== Other websites ==
{{Commons category-inline|Tokugawa Shoguns}}
* [http://hkuhist2.hku.hk/nakasendo/tokupols.htm Political system of the Tokugawa Shogunate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080504211250/http://hkuhist2.hku.hk/nakasendo/tokupols.htm |date=2008-05-04 }}
* [http://www.sengokudaimyo.com/ SengokuDaimyo.com website of Anthony J. Bryant on Japan]
* [http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/jptoc.html Japan]

[[Category:Periods in Japanese history]]
[[Category:Samurai]]
[[Category:1603 establishments]]
[[Category:17th-century establishments in Japan]]
[[Category:1600s establishments in Asia]]