User:Xsarria

Sulung
Puroik
Native to	Arunachal Pradesh
Region	India
Native speakers	~5,000 (2008)
Language family	Sino-Tibetan Tibeto-Burman Tani North Assam Sulung
Language codes
ISO 639-3	suv

Puroik is a Sino-Tibetian language of India and China, spoken by the Puroik people. The name Sulung was given to the Puriok by outsiders and is commonly given to small groups that inhabit the northeastern hills of the East Kameng district .

General information

There are around 5,000 native-speakers of Puroik as of the year 2007 . The bulk of the speakers reside in Arunachal Pradesh more specifically in the East Kameng district. This language is considered a threatened language, not yet endangered by the Endangered Languages Project and unfortunately has no known government support.

Language Characteristics and Rules

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NUMBER

Number is not considered a grammatical feature in Sulung. Plurality is expressed, when required to be stated clearly by the huangda meaning all, many, etc.

GENDER

There is no grammatical gender in Sulung. However the two sexes are distinguished when necessary. To indicate other relatices and persons the suffix -aphu is added for the male and -amua for the female. Demonstrative, and Interrogative.

CASE

Seven cases may be distinguished: Subject (Nominative), Object (Accusative), Instrumental, Dative (Purposive), Ablative, Possessive (Genitive), and Locative.

PRONOUN

The Personal Pronoun distinguished three persons (the first person, second person, and third person) and two numbers (singular and plural). The same form is used for both genders.

ADJECTIVE

There are four types of adjectives: ‘’’adjective of quality’’’, ‘’’adjective of quantity’’’, ‘’’demonstrative adjective’’’, ‘’’interrogative adjective’’’.

VERB

Sulung verbs do not indicate number and person. The same for serves all the three persons and both the numbers.

TENSE

The three principal tenses (present, past, and future), including the indefinite and the continuous are indicated by means of particles used as suffixes.

MOODS

There are four moods: Imperative, potential, conditional, and subjunctive. Imperative uses the suffix ‘’-bo, -da,’’ and ‘’-ge’’ for commands. Potential uses the suffix ‘’-pa’’ to express the ability to perform. Conditional uses ‘’-re/-hangra’’ to express obligation.

ADVERB

Adverbs may be distinguished into four classes: Time, place, manner, and interrogative.

Samples

A list of consonants, vowels, and vocabulary can be found on the Endangered Languages page under the *Resources* tab . It includes over 100 words and phrases of the Puroik Language. This resource also includes grammar rules and the explanation of gender/number/degree use.

See also

Puroik Language
Arunachal Pradesh
East Kameng district
Puroik People

Further reading

Pertin, David. 2005. "The Puroiks (Sulungs) of Arunachal Pradesh." In Primitive Tribes in Contemporary India: Concept, Ethnography and Demography 1, edited by Sarit Kumar Chaudhuri and Sucheta Sen Chaudhuri, 367-378. New Dehli: Mittal.

Dutta, Sristidhar, and Tana Showren. 2008. "A Case Study of the Sulungs (Puroiks)." In: Blisters on their feet: tales of internally displaced persons in India's North East, edited by Samir Kumar Das, 59-68. Los Angeles and New Dehli: Sage.

Deuri, R.K. 1982. The Sulungs. Shillong: Government of Arunachal Pradesh

Remsangpuia. 2008. Puroik Phonology. Shillong: Don Bosco Centre for Indigenous Culture (DBCIC).

Stonor, C. R. (1952). The Sulung Tribe of the Assam Himalayas. Anthropos, (5/6), 947. doi:10.2307/41104369

Tayeng, Aduk. 1990. Sulung language guide. Shillong: The Director of Information and Public Relations, Arunachal Pradesh.

Primitive tribes in contemporary India: concept, ethnography and demography. New Delhi: Mittal Publications, 2005. Print.

External links

[Puroik Language]

[Resources Tab]

[Text Sulung Good News Christina Story] (text)

[Audio Sulung Good News Christian Story] (audio)

Category:Sino-Tibetan languages Category:Languages of Arunachal Pradesh Category:Endangered Indian languages