Wikipedia:VideoWiki/Measles
Definition[change source]
Measles is a highly contagious infectious disease, caused by the measles virus.[1][2]
Preventable deaths[change source]
It is one of the leading vaccine-preventable disease causes of death.[3][4]
Greatest risk[change source]
Most of those who die from the infection are less than five years old.[5][6]
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Onset of illness[change source]
Symptoms, usually develop 10–12 days after exposure to an infected person, and last 7–10 days.[5][7]
Initial Symptoms[change source]
Initial symptoms typically include, fever, often greater than 40 °C (104 °F), cough, runny nose, and inflamed eyes.[1][8]
Koplik's spots[change source]
Small white spots, known as Koplik's spots, may form inside the mouth, two or three days after the start of symptoms.[8]
Rash[change source]
but the classic sign, is a red (flat) rash, which usually starts on the face three to five days after the start of symptoms, and then spreads to the rest of the body.[8]
Common Complications[change source]
About 7% of cases have complications, including diarrhea, middle ear infection, and pneumonia.[9]
Less likely complications[change source]
Less commonly, seizures, blindness, or inflammation of the brain, may occur.[5][9]
Cause[change source]
Measles is an airborne disease, which spreads very easily, through the coughs and sneezes of infected people.[5]
Other ways to spread disease[change source]
It may also be spread through contact with saliva, or nasal secretions.[5]
Contagiousness[change source]
It is so contagious, that a single infected person will spread it to nine out of ten, non-immune people, who live with them.[9]
Duration of contagiousness[change source]
One reason, is that it can be spread four days before a rash develops, and continue for four days after the start of the rash.[9]
Immunity[change source]
Fortunately, most people do not get the disease more than once.[5]
Diagnosis[change source]
Testing for the measles virus in suspected cases is important, for public health efforts.[9]
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Prevention[change source]
The measles vaccine is effective at preventing the disease, and is often delivered in combination with other vaccines.[5]
Treatment[change source]
Once a person has become infected, no specific treatment is available,[5] but supportive care may improve outcomes.[5]
Supportive care[change source]
This may include oral rehydration solution, healthy food, and medications to control the fever.[5][7]
Antibiotics[change source]
Antibiotics may be used, if a secondary bacterial infection such as bacterial pneumonia occurs.[5]
Vitamin A[change source]
Vitamin eh supplementation, is also recommended in the developing world.[5]
References[change source]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Caserta, MT, ed. (September 2013). "Measles". Merck Manual Professional. Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp. Archived from the original on 23 March 2014. Retrieved 23 March 2014.
- ↑ "Measles (Red Measles, Rubeola)". Dept of Health, Saskatchewan. Archived from the original on 10 February 2015. Retrieved 10 February 2015.
- ↑ Kabra, SK; Lodhra, R (14 August 2013). "Antibiotics for preventing complications in children with measles". Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 8 (8): CD001477. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD001477.pub4. PMID 23943263.
- ↑ "Despite the availability of a safe, effective and inexpensive vaccine for more than 40 years, measles remains a leading vaccine-preventable cause of childhood deaths" (PDF). Retrieved 16 February 2019.
- ↑ 5.00 5.01 5.02 5.03 5.04 5.05 5.06 5.07 5.08 5.09 5.10 5.11 "Measles Fact sheet N°286". who.int. November 2014. Archived from the original on 3 February 2015. Retrieved 4 February 2015.
- ↑ "Measles cases spike globally due to gaps in vaccination coverage". WHO. 29 November 2018. Retrieved 21 December 2018.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Conn's Current Therapy 2015. Elsevier Health Sciences. 2014. p. 153. ISBN 9780323319560. Archived from the original on 2017-09-08.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 "Measles (Rubeola) Signs and Symptoms". cdc.gov. November 3, 2014. Archived from the original on 2 February 2015. Retrieved 5 February 2015.
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 Atkinson, William (2011). Epidemiology and Prevention of Vaccine-Preventable Diseases (12 ed.). Public Health Foundation. pp. 301–23. ISBN 9780983263135. Archived from the original on 7 February 2015. Retrieved 5 February 2015.