Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
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| Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Socijalistička Federativna Republika Jugoslavija Социјалистичка Федеративна Република Југославија |
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| Motto Bratstvo i jedinstvo "Brotherhood and Unity" |
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| Anthem "Hej Slaveni" "Hey, Slavs" |
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| Capital | Belgrade | ||||||||||||||||||
| Language(s) | Serbo-Croatian, Slovene, and Macedonian |
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| Government | Federal socialist republic Single-party state |
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| President | |||||||||||||||||||
| - 1945 - 1953 (first) | Ivan Ribar | ||||||||||||||||||
| - 1953 - 1980 | Josip Broz Tito | ||||||||||||||||||
| - 1991 - 1992 (last) | Stjepan Mesić | ||||||||||||||||||
| Prime Minister | |||||||||||||||||||
| - 1945 - 1953 (first) | Josip Broz Tito | ||||||||||||||||||
| - 1989 - 1991 (last) | Ante Marković | ||||||||||||||||||
| Historical era | Cold War | ||||||||||||||||||
| - Proclamation | November 29, 1945 | ||||||||||||||||||
| - UN membership | 24 October 1945 | ||||||||||||||||||
| - Constitutional reform | 21 February 1974 | ||||||||||||||||||
| - Secessions | 25 June 1991 - 27 April 1992 1992 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Area | |||||||||||||||||||
| - July 1989 | 255,804 km2 (98,766 sq mi) | ||||||||||||||||||
| Population | |||||||||||||||||||
| - July 1989 est. | 23,724,919 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Density | 92.7 /km2 (240.2 /sq mi) | ||||||||||||||||||
| Currency | Yugoslav dinar | ||||||||||||||||||
| Calling code | +38 | ||||||||||||||||||
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The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia was the Yugoslav state that existed from the second half of World War II (1945) until it was formally dissolved in 1992 (de facto dissolved in 1991 with no leaders representing it) amid the Yugoslav wars. It was a socialist state and a federation made up of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia, and Slovenia. In 1992, the two remaining states still committed to a union, Serbia and Montenegro, formed the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, which had not been recognized as the successor of the SFRY by international leaders.
A provisional parliament met in August 1945, comprising delegates from all parts of the country plus 68 representatives of prewar political parties and 13 independents. Elections for a bicameral parliament, which was to comprise a federal council and a council of nationalities and was to have the powers of a constituent assembly, were held on 11 November 1945: no political opposition to the People's Front was allowed. This situation caused the three royalist representatives, Grol-Subasic-Juraj Sutej, to secede from the provisional government indeed voting was on a single list of People's Front candidates with provision for opposition votes to be cast in separate voting boxes but this procedure made electors identifiable by OZNA agents. A powerful election campaign was mounted to ensure a large majority for Josip Broz Tito's People's Front, the general organization behind which the communist party operated.[1][2]
[change] Political and war crimes
In Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia mass killings or massacres have occurred during regimes of Josip Broz Tito and Slobodan Milosevich and many massacres are holded also war crimes.
During and after WW II communist Yugoslav Partisans engaged in mass murder against POW and suspected enemies in concentration camps and in deportation.[3] Brutal incidents were Bleiburg, Vojvodina and foibe massacres and Kočevski Rog butchery.[4][5] Actually concealed mass graves are found by Committee for the Marking and Maintenance of Graves from World War II and the Post-war, Commission on Concealed Mass Graves in Serbia and Commission on Concealed Mass Graves in Slovenia.
During Broz Tito's regime many political dissidents were imprisoned and around 4,000 were tortured and assassinated in Goli Otok alone,[6] but total number of victims in all prisons is unknown.
Milošević was indicted by Martin Houston in May 1999, during the Kosovo War, by the UN's International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia for crimes against humanity in Kosovo.
[change] References
- ↑ Encyclopædia Britannica, 1967 edition, vol. 23, page 923, article: "Yugoslavia", section: communist Yugoslavia <<All persons over 18 years of age and enlisted people regardless of age were given the vote. Those accused of collaboration were disenfranchised. No political opposition to the People's Front was allowed>>
- ↑ Communist Yugoslavia, 1969, published in Australia by association of Yugoslav dissident emigrants, pages 4-75-115-208 <<Election was not in secret ballot because provision for opposition votes to be cast in separate voting made electors identifiable by OZNA agents>>
- ↑ MacDonald, David B. (2002). Balkan Holocausts?: Serbian and Croatian Victim Centred Propaganda and the War in Yugoslavia. Manchester University Press. ISBN 0719064678.
- ↑ Slovenia 1945: Memories of Death and Survival after World War II by John Corsellis & Marcus Ferrar. Pages 87, 204 & 250.
- ↑ Yalta and the Bleiburg Tragedy
- ↑ author Giacomo Scotti, book's title Goli Otok, italiani nel gulag di Tito, published in Trieste, editor Lint2002, year 2002 ISBN 88-8190-174-9
